scholarly journals Ethical, Stigma, and Policy Implications of Food Addiction: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Cassin ◽  
Daniel Buchman ◽  
Samantha Leung ◽  
Karin Kantarovich ◽  
Aceel Hawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Will Power ◽  
The Impact

The concept of food addiction has generated much controversy. In comparison to research examining the construct of food addiction and its validity, relatively little research has examined the broader implications of food addiction. The purpose of the current scoping review was to examine the potential ethical, stigma, and health policy implications of food addiction. Major themes were identified in the literature, and extensive overlap was identified between several of the themes. Ethics sub-themes related primarily to individual responsibility and included: (i) personal control, will power, and choice; and (ii) blame and weight bias. Stigma sub-themes included: (i) the impact on self-stigma and stigma from others, (ii) the differential impact of substance use disorder versus behavioral addiction on stigma, and (iii) the additive stigma of addiction plus obesity and/or eating disorder. Policy implications were broadly derived from comparisons to the tobacco industry and focused on addictive foods as opposed to food addiction. This scoping review underscored the need for increased awareness of food addiction and the role of the food industry, empirical research to identify specific hyperpalatable food substances, and policy interventions that are not simply extrapolated from tobacco.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intention: An analysis of the role of Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Sansone ◽  
Elisa Ughetto ◽  
Paolo Landoni
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Student Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractAlthough a great deal of attention has been paid to entrepreneurship education, only a few studies have analysed the impact of extra-curricular entrepreneurial activities on students’ entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by exploring the role played by Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations (SLEOs) in shaping the entrepreneurial intention of their members. The analysis is based on a survey that was conducted in 2016 by one of the largest SLEOs in the world: the Junior Enterprises Europe (JEE). The main result of the empirical analysis is that the more time students spent on JEE and the higher the number of events students attended, the greater their entrepreneurial intention was. It has been found that other important drivers also increase students’ entrepreneurial intention, that is, the Science and Technology field of study and the knowledge of more than two foreign languages. These results confirm that SLEOs are able to foster students’ entrepreneurial intention. The findings provide several theoretical, practical and public policy implications. SLEOs are encouraged to enhance their visibility and lobbying potential in order to be recognized more as drivers of student entrepreneurship. In addition, it is advisable for universities and policy makers to support SLEOs by fostering their interactions with other actors operating in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, who promote entrepreneurship and technology transfer activities. Lastly, this paper advises policy makers to assist SLEOs’ activities inside and outside the university context.

scholarly journals Promoting Female Entrepreneurship: The Impact of Gender Gap Beliefs and Perceptions

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110184
Author(s):  
Camelia Ilie ◽  
Abel Monfort ◽  
Gaston Fornes ◽  
Guillermo Cardoza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Spanish Women ◽  
The Impact

Perceptions and institutional frameworks can be barriers or facilitators to the development of female entrepreneurship policies. Institutions rely on factual data on the gender gap to evaluate their policies. However, the literature shows that the research and institutions should also analyze the impact of social beliefs on the success of these policies and initiatives. This study focuses on the impact of these perceptions in promoting female entrepreneurship. Data were collected from 287 responses to a questionnaire from Spanish women and men and were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. The results show that the perception of lack of equality increases the gender gap even if there are specific and effective policies in a society that attempt to eliminate the gender gap in terms of the role of women in the home or positions of power. The main result is that these perceptions ultimately affect women’s entrepreneurial intentions. The results have policy implications for companies and public institutions willing to change the gender narrative about entrepreneurship and design policies and initiatives that help women overcome cultural barriers and effectively promote female entrepreneurship.

Taming the Obesity Beast: Children, Marketing, and Public Policy Considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Seiders ◽  
Ross D. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Longitudinal Tracking ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
The Impact

This essay explores the policy implications of the findings in this special section for potential remedies and opportunities for further research in the critical area of obesity. Children are an important focus here both because of the dramatic increase in childhood obesity in recent decades and because they lack the cognitive development and social experience to process marketing communications with the sophistication of adults. In addition, children's food purchase decisions are substantially influenced by their parents. Although packaged food marketers are setting their own voluntary restrictions on products to be marketed during entertainment content targeted at children, the impact of such restrictions is limited because children are substantial viewers of general entertainment content. This essay suggests that more prominent nutrition disclosure oriented toward obesity concerns for both packaged foods and fast-food restaurants should be more fully considered. It further suggests that increased marketing research is needed to better understand children as consumers, the role of parents as gatekeepers, and the differences between ethnic population segments. Marketing research also can contribute to the assessment of the effectiveness of different regulatory approaches adopted by various countries and the viability of mass educational approaches versus individual encouragement by parents, doctors, and others. The authors note that because obesity is a long-term health problem, a longitudinal tracking study would be useful in studying both health effects over time and the effectiveness of various policy interventions.

scholarly journals Capital Structure-Firm Value Nexus: Moderating Role of Profitability

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-386
Author(s):  
Hamed Ahmad Almahadin ◽  
Yazan Salameh Oroud
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Functional Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This study aims to investigate the moderating role of profitability in the relationship between capital structure and firm value in Jordan, as an example of an emerging economy. For this purpose, two functional models were formulated to capture the direct relationship as well as the interaction impact of capital structure on firm value. The robust empirical findings of panel data analysis provide strong evidence of an adverse relationship between capital structure and firm value. The findings confirm that the impact of capital structure appears to be complicated in nature and difficult to examine without controlling for the interaction of profitability as one of the major determinants. Therefore, studying the interaction effect provides ample evidence and enhances the understanding of the link between firm value and capital structure. The empirical results of the study may provide important insights and policy implications to decision-makers.

The Grief and Bereavement Experiences of Informal Caregivers: A Scoping Review of the North American Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 082585972110522
Author(s):  
Neerjah Skantharajah ◽  
Carol Barrie ◽  
Sharon Baxter ◽  
M. Carolina Borja ◽  
Anica Butters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Grief And Bereavement ◽  
Hospice And Palliative Care ◽  
The Impact

Background Informal caregivers are a significant part of the hospice and palliative care landscape as members of the interdisciplinary care team. Despite this, little is known about the impact this responsibility has on informal caregivers’ experiences of grief and bereavement. To address this, a scoping review of the literature was conducted to explore the current state of knowledge toward grief and bereavement of informal caregivers of adult/geriatric patients in the hospice and palliative/end-of-life care realm within North America. Methods Using Arksey and O’Malley's 5-step framework, key electronic health care and social sciences databases (eg, CINAHL, MEDLINE, ProQuest Sociological Abstracts, PsycINFO) alongside gray literature sources were searched and screened against inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thematic content analysis was used to identify key themes. Results 29 articles met the final inclusion criteria with 3 central themes emerging: (1) mediators of grief, (2) grief experiences, and (3) types of grief. Discussion Informal caregivers encounter unique grief and bereavement experiences: The range of psychosocial outcomes, both negative and positive, can be affected by various mediators such as caregiver burden, demographics, disease type of the patient being cared for, etc. Bereavement interventions must be designed with the mediators of grief in mind. Conclusions Understanding the nuances of informal caregivers’ experiences with grief and bereavement will inform and advance practice, policy, and research. Practitioners/clinicians should be further educated on how to properly acknowledge the complexity of grief and bereavement for informal caregivers, specifically paying attention to mediators. Further research needs to consider the role of culture.

scholarly journals Increasing sulfate levels show a differential impact on synthetic communities comprising different methanogens and a sulfate reducer

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (154) ◽  
pp. 20190129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Matthew J. Wade ◽  
Jan Dolfing ◽  
Orkun S. Soyer
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Sulfate Reducer ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Sulfate Reducers ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Methane-producing microbial communities are of ecological and biotechnological interest. Syntrophic interactions among sulfate reducers and aceto/hydrogenotrophic and obligate hydrogenotrophic methanogens form a key component of these communities, yet, the impact of these different syntrophic routes on methane production and their stability against sulfate availability are not well understood. Here, we construct model synthetic communities using a sulfate reducer and two types of methanogens representing different methanogenesis routes. We find that tri-cultures with both routes increase methane production by almost twofold compared to co-cultures and are stable in the absence of sulfate. With increasing sulfate, system stability and productivity decreases and does so faster in communities with aceto/hydrogenotrophic methanogens despite the continued presence of acetate. We show that this is due to a shift in the metabolism of these methanogens towards co-utilization of hydrogen with acetate. These findings indicate the important role of hydrogen dynamics in the stability and productivity of syntrophic communities.

On Entering First Grade: Note on Impact of Parents' Attitudes on Expectations of Their Children, an Israeli Case

1983 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Strauss ◽  
Harry Gottesdiener ◽  
Rachel Fogel ◽  
Drorith Tamari
Keyword(s):  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Maternal Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Scales ◽  
School Attitude ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Perceptions Of School

The present study dealt with the impact of parental attitudes about school on the expectations of kindergarten children entering the first grade. 20 kindergarten children of middle to high socioeconomic status were given the Bar-Ilan Picture Test for Children which is a semi-projective interview probing children's perceptions of school and home. Parental attitudes were elicited by an inventory based on items from the school-attitude scales by Erhard and by Levy and Ashani. The outcomes showed that maternal attitudes had most impact on the expectations of the children, and the differential impact of parents' attitudes was in accordance with Parson's (1955) distinction between the expressive role of the mother and the instrumental role of the father.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Attainment in Germany – The Last Five Decades

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Heineck ◽  
Regina T. Riphahn
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Parental Background ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
The Impact

SummaryOver the last decades the German education system underwent numerous reforms in order to improve “equality of opportunity”, i.e. to guarantee all pupils independent of parental background equal access to higher education. At the same time internationally comparative evidence yields that Germany features particularly low intergenerational mobility with respect to educational attainment. This study investigates the development in intergenerational education mobility in Germany for the birth cohorts 1929 through 1978 with respect to secondary school attainment. We test whether the impact of parental educational background on child educational outcomes changed over time. In spite of massive public policy interventions and education reforms our results yield no significant reduction in the role of parental educational background for child outcomes over the last decades.

University Challenge? Innovation Policy and SMEs in Welsh Economic Development Policy

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pickernell ◽  
Gary Packham ◽  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Robyn Keast
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

There is a clear research issue for Wales regarding the roles and interactions of government policy, HEIs, SMEs and the creation and dissemination of innovation. A study of the views of key policy makers concerning innovation and entrepreneurship in Wales is undertaken, especially with regard to the development of innovation within SMEs and the policy implications for economic regeneration. The role of a variety of actors (including users and suppliers) is considered, as is the impact of networks of SMEs linked together in patterns of cooperation and affiliation. From the results and the analysis of interviews, key points of significance to innovation, entrepreneurship, higher education and economic regeneration policy making in Wales are reported.

scholarly journals Staff perceptions on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Tunks Leach ◽  
Joanne Lewis ◽  
Tracy Levett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
First Responder ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Background Chaplains in first responder and military services support staff prior to, during and after critical incidents. Some studies have explored the role of chaplains in these settings predominantly in the military and from chaplains’ perspectives. However, few studies have explored the perspective of staff. This scoping review aims to map the literature on staff perceptions of the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Method A scoping review using the Arksey & O’Malley (2003) and Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. English language peer-reviewed and grey literature in CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar from 2004-2019 was reviewed for inclusion. Records were included if they provided staff perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings. The initial search identified 491 records after removal of duplicates. All titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance to the research question and 84 were selected for full-text review. Seven records were included in final review; five dissertations and two peer-reviewed articles. Five of these were from the military and two from the police. Data were extracted and thematically analysed to identify staff perceptions of the role, skills and attributes, and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Results Staff understood the role of chaplain to include the provision of spiritual and pastoral care and guidance and, in the case of police, providing scene support. Staff from all of the services identified requisite skills and attributes for chaplains such as being available, approachable and engaged; counselling; maintaining confidentiality and trust; being organisationally aware; and possessing distinct personality traits and knowledge of specialty content areas. The value chaplains brought to their services emerged from chaplains being trusted as a result of being proactively available for staff, families and bystanders for formal and informal conversation; organisational belonging and awareness resulting in enhanced staff satisfaction and retention; and promoting staff physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing.   Conclusions Although military and police staff identified spiritual, psychological and social benefits to chaplains maintaining an active and visible role in their services, the small number of papers identified make generalisation of these findings to other first responder services problematic. Further research is therefore required to understand the impact of the chaplain’s role as part of the care team in first responder services.

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