scholarly journals Hesperidin Effects on Gut Microbiota and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Healthy Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Estruel-Amades ◽  
Malén Massot-Cladera ◽  
Francisco Pérez-Cano ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chemotactic Protein ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Hesperidin, found in citrus fruits, has shown a wide range of biological properties. Nonetheless, a more in-depth investigation is required on the effects on the immune system, and in particular, on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, together with its relationship with the gut microbiota. Therefore, we aimed to establish the influence of oral hesperidin administration on the intestinal lymphoid tissue and on the gut microbiota composition in healthy animals. Lewis rats were orally administrated 100 or 200 mg/kg hesperidin three times per week for four weeks. Microbiota composition and IgA-coated bacteria were determined in caecal content. Mesenteric lymph node lymphocyte (MLNL) composition and functionality were assessed. IgA, cytokines, and gene expression in the small intestine were quantified. Hesperidin administration resulted in a higher number of bacteria and IgA-coated bacteria, with changes in microbiota composition such as higher Lactobacillus proportion. Hesperidin was also able to increase the small intestine IgA content. These changes in the small intestine were accompanied by a decrease in interferon-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 concentration. In addition, hesperidin increased the relative proportion of TCRαβ+ lymphocytes in MLNL. These results show the immunomodulatory actions of hesperidin on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and reinforce its role as a prebiotic.

Alterations to metabolically active bacteria in the mucosa of the small intestine predict anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities of grape seed extract in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3510-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E. Griffin ◽  
Katherine A. Witrick ◽  
Courtney Klotz ◽  
Melanie R. Dorenkott ◽  
Katheryn M. Goodrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Grape seed extract changes small intestinal gut microbiota composition.

Particle Radiation Side-Effects: Intestinal Microbiota Composition Shapes Interferon-γ-Induced Osteo-Immunogenicity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Maier ◽  
Paul M Ruegger ◽  
Julia Deutschmann ◽  
Thomas H. Helbich ◽  
Peter Pietschmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Particle Radiation ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Radiation Induced

Microbiota can both negatively and positively impact radiation-induced bone loss. Our prior research showed that compared to mice with conventional gut microbiota (CM), mice with restricted gut microbiota (RM) reduced inflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in bone marrow, interleukin (IL)-17 in blood, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) in bone marrow under anti-IL-17 treatment. We showed that Muribaculum intestinale was more abundant in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) from the small intestine of female RM mice and positively associated with augmented skeletal bone structure. Female C57BL/6J pun RM mice, which were injected with anti-IL-17 antibody one day before exposure to 1.5 Gy 28Si ions of 850 MeV/u, showed high trabecular numbers in tibiae at 6 weeks postirradiation. Irradiated CM mice were investigated for lower interferon-γ and IL-17 levels in the small intestine than RM mice. IL-17 blockage resulted in bacterial indicator phylotypes being different between both microbiota groups before and after irradiation. Analysis of the fecal bacteria were performed in relation to bone quality and body weight, showing reduced tibia cortical thickness in irradiated CM mice (–15%) vs. irradiated RM mice (–9.2%). Correlation analyses identified relationships among trabecular bone parameters (TRI-BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb.Th, Tb.Sp) and Bacteroides massiliensis, Muribaculum sp. and Prevotella denticola. Turicibacter sp. was found directly correlated with trabecular separation in anti-IL-17 treated mice, whereas an unidentified Bacteroidetes correlated with trabecular thickness in anti-IL-17 neutralized and radiation-exposed mice. We demonstrated radiation-induced osteolytic damage to correlate with bacterial indicator phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota composition, and these relationships were determined from the previously discovered dose-dependent particle radiation effects on cell proliferation in bone tissue. New translational approaches were designed to investigate dynamic changes of gut microbiota in correlation with conditions of treatment and disease as well as mechanisms of systemic side-effects in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Diet Rather than Genetic Status Shapes the Gut Microbiota in Two Congeneric Snakes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Fu Qu ◽  
Yan-Qing Wu ◽  
Yi-Jin Jiang ◽  
Xiang Ji
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Genetic Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background: Various external and internal factors affect the gut microbiota of animals. The colonization and proliferation of gut microbes have been studied in a diverse array of animal taxa but remain poorly known in snakes. Here, we used the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology on the Roach 454 platform to analyze the gut microbiota composition using fecal samples collected from three snake groups [gravid females, newly hatched (preprandial) hatchlings and postprandial hatchlings] of two congeneric colubrid snake species (Elaphe carinata and E. taeniura) that are sympatric across a wide range in mainland China. We tested two hypotheses. First, the gut microbiota should not differ between the two species at hatching if the maternal or genetic contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization. Second, differences in the gut microbiota between newly hatched (preprandial) and postprandial hatchlings should not exist in both species if the dietary contribution has no role in affecting post-hatching gut microbial colonization.Results: The top three dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in both species. None of the measured alpha diversity indexes differed among the three snake groups or between the two species. The relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed among the three snake groups and between the two species, and so did the relative abundances of the functions associated with the metabolism, cellular processes and environmental information processing. Evidence from gravid females and hatchlings showed that the gut microbiota composition was similar between the two species. The metabolism held the overwhelming predominance of functional categories at the top level in both species.Conclusion: Only the relative abundance of the gut microbiota differed between the two species, and the gut microbiota composition changed rapidly in postprandial hatchlings and differed among the three snakes groups in both species. From these findings, we may conclude that the dietary rather than the maternal or genetic contribution affects gut microbial colonization in snakes.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota Composition Affects Polyphenol-mediated Cognitive Resilience in Mice by Modulating the Bioavailability of Phenolic Acids (P20-038-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Frolinger ◽  
Giulio Pasinetti
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Objectives Dietary polyphenols promote memory in models of sleep deprivation (SD), stress, and neurodegeneration. The biological properties of dietary polyphenols greatly depend on the bioavailability of their phenolic metabolites derivatives that are modulated by gut microbiota. We recently demonstrated that supplementation with grape-derived bioactive dietary polyphenol preparation (BDPP) improves SD-induced cognitive impairment. Methods This study examined the role of gut microbiota in BDPP's memory promotion effect in SD. C57BL6/J mice, treated with antibiotics or BDPP or both were sleep-deprived at the end of a fear conditioning training session and fear memory was assessed the next day. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed in fecal samples and BDPP-driven phenolic acid metabolites extraction was measured in plasma. Results We report that the beneficial effect of BDPP on memory in SD is attenuated by antibiotics-induced dysbiosis. We identified specific communities of fecal microbiota that associate with the bioavailability of BDPP-derived phenolic acids, which in turn, associated with memory promotion. Conclusions These results suggest the gut microbiota composition significantly affects the bioavailability of phenolic acids that drive the dietary polyphenols’ cognitive resilience property. Our findings provide a preclinical model to test causal association of gut microbiota-polyphenols in the potential development of dietary polyphenols for the prevention/treatment of cognitive impairment. Funding Sources This project was funded a P50 CARBON Center grant from NCCIH/ODS (Pasinetti, PD/PI).

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