scholarly journals Magnesium: Are We Consuming Enough?

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Razzaque
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Skeletal Deformities ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Body

Magnesium is essential for maintaining normal cellular and organ function. In-adequate magnesium balance is associated with various disorders, such as skeletal deformities, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Unfortunately, routinely measured serum magnesium levels do not always reflect total body magnesium status. Thus, normal blood magnesium levels eclipse the wide-spread magnesium deficiency. Other magnesium measuring methods, including the magnesium loading test, may provide more accurate reflections of total body magnesium status and thus improve identification of magnesium-deficient individuals, and prevent magnesium deficiency related complications.

scholarly journals Magnesium: Biochemistry, Nutrition, Detection, and Social Impact of Diseases Linked to Its Deficiency

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1136
Author(s):  
Diana Fiorentini ◽  
Concettina Cappadone ◽  
Giovanna Farruggia ◽  
Cecilia Prata
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Body

Magnesium plays an important role in many physiological functions. Habitually low intakes of magnesium and in general the deficiency of this micronutrient induce changes in biochemical pathways that can increase the risk of illness and, in particular, chronic degenerative diseases. The assessment of magnesium status is consequently of great importance, however, its evaluation is difficult. The measurement of serum magnesium concentration is the most commonly used and readily available method for assessing magnesium status, even if serum levels have no reliable correlation with total body magnesium levels or concentrations in specific tissues. Therefore, this review offers an overview of recent insights into magnesium from multiple perspectives. Starting from a biochemical point of view, it aims at highlighting the risk due to insufficient uptake (frequently due to the low content of magnesium in the modern western diet), at suggesting strategies to reach the recommended dietary reference values, and at focusing on the importance of detecting physiological or pathological levels of magnesium in various body districts, in order to counteract the social impact of diseases linked to magnesium deficiency.

Effect of Magnesium Deficiency and Excess on Renal Tubular Potassium Transport in the Rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Carney ◽  
N. L. M. Wong ◽  
J. H. Dirks
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Distal Tubule ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potassium Excretion ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Body

1. Dietary magnesium deficiency is commonly associated with significant potassium depletion although the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Because the kidney has an important role in both magnesium and potassium homeostasis, clearance and micropuncture experiments were performed on thyroparathyroidectomized magnesium-deficient, normal and hypermagnesaemic rats to study the effect of body magnesium status on renal potassium handling. 2. Dietary magnesium restriction that reduced total-body magnesium by 30% did not alter renal potassium excretion despite a 10% reduction in total-body potassium. Graded magnesium infusions increased the fractional excretion of potassium in both magnesium-depleted and normal rats. However, the increase in the dietary depleted group was significantly less than in the control group (5-10 and then 13% compared with 7-19 and then 28% respectively). These changes in urine potassium excretion followed alterations in distal-tubule function. Parathyroid hormone did not alter potassium excretion in any of the experimental groups in contrast with its effect on magnesium excretion. 3. These data support the concept of distal tubular control of renal potassium homeostasis. The body magnesium status appears to exert some control over cellular potassium content and to alter indirectly distal-tubule potassium excretion.

Magnesium and Diabetes: A Review

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. White ◽  
R. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Supplementation ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Magnesium Status ◽  
Total Body

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the potential link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and Hypomagnesemia, the methods used to assess magnesium status, and the potential benefits of magnesium repletion in hypomagnesemic patients with DM. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (key terms: magnesium and diabetes) was conducted to identify pertinent literature. STUDY SELECTION: All major clinical trials and most published case reports were reviewed. SYNTHESIS: Several studies have demonstrated a higher than expected frequency of magnesium deficiency in patients with DM. Hypomagnesemia may play a role in the development of retinopathy, altered glucose disposition, hypertension, abnormal platelet function, and other problems frequently observed in patients with DM. The lack of a widely available, accurate screening methodology is one of the main problems in assessing total body magnesium status. One study has suggested that hypomagnesemia in patients with DM may be related to enhanced urinary loss of magnesium. Several studies evaluating hypomagnesemia and glucose disposal have suggested a direct correlation between magnesium concentration and glucose disposal, with an improvement in glucose disposal with magnesium supplementation. It has been suggested that there is a relationship between hypomagnesemia and diabetic retinopathy; however, the effect of magnesium supplementation on the development of diabetic retinopathy has not been evaluated. Researchers evaluating the effect of magnesium on platelet aggregation have suggested that magnesium supplementation may reduce the incidence of vascular disease in hypomagnesemic patients with DM. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between hypomagnesemia and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Studies have suggested a link between hypomagnesemia and hyperglycemia, as well as an association between hypomagnesemia and the complications of DM. The American Diabetes Association has published a consensus statement suggesting that patients who have documented hypomagnesemia and DM receive magnesium supplementation.

Severity of Psoriasis Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2079
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽  
Constantin Stefani ◽  
Ioana Veronica Grajdeanu ◽  
Bogdan Serban ◽  
Gheorghe Ciobanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Severe Psoriasis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Total Group ◽  
Chi Square Test

Although extensively studied, psoriasis still has negative consequences and is associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome. The severity of psoriasis seems to influence the occurrence of diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. 208 patients diagnosed with psoriasis were identified, who were divided into lots depending on the severity of psoriasis, but also to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Interpretation of statistical data was done with SPSS V21 (Statistical Package for Social Science) and MEDCALC (Statistical Software). The coexistence of severe psoriasis with metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by 2.97 or greater, with a confidence interval of [1.60, 5.51], than that of patients with severe psoriasis who have no metabolic syndrome. The hypothesis was statistically confirmed by p = 0.003. Analyzing the total group with psoriasis by severity, we found the following distribution: from the total number of 208 patients, 39 (18.8%) had severe psoriasis, 83 (39.9%) moderate psoriasis and 86 (41.3%) mild psoriasis. The higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis is evidenced by the Pearson Chi-Square test, where p [0.001. The association of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis is evident. The more severe the psoriasis, the more likely it is to develop metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Are Ancestral Medical Practices the Future Solution to Today’s Medical Problems?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4701
Author(s):  
José A. Lupiáñez ◽  
Eva E. Rufino-Palomares ◽  
Amalia Pérez-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Future ◽  
Inadequate Nutrition

Our cells and organs are threatened and, in most cases, constantly subjected to the aggression of numerous situations, both endogenous, characterized by unfavorable genetics, and exogenous, by deficient or inadequate nutrition, and even by a hostile environment; in most cases, they ultimately cause a cascade of degenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and infections, as well as those related to the metabolic syndrome, all of which eventually generate irreversible damage to the organism and, consequently, a significant deterioration in its survival [...]

Association between Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Other Various Factors Defining Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Basavaraj PG ◽  
Ashok P Yenkanchi ◽  
Chidanand Galagali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Positive History ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: Risk factors can lead to clinical conditions, like metabolic syndrome, that predisposes the development of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: The goal of this population-based, prospective and non-randomised cohort study was to study the association between patients with metabolic syndrome and other various factors defining metabolic syndrome. Methods: All the patients referred to the department of Medicine, Al-Ameen Medical college hospital and District Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India over a period of twenty-two months extending from December 2013 to September 2015 were considered in this study. Results: In the current study, out of 100 patients, 62.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive family history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus. 70.8% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of smoking. 64.3% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of alcohol .73.9% patients had metabolic syndrome with positive history of IHD. 87% of the patients with metabolic syndrome had SBP> 130 mmHg, and 78.85% patients had DBP>85 mmHg. And metabolic syndrome was observed in 71.8% patients on anti hypertensive drugs. The mean level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride is increased whereas the mean level of anti-atherogenic HDL cholesterol is low in subjects with MS. At least one lipid abnormality was present in > 95 % of cases. Around 81% subjects with BMI <25 (out of 38) had metabolic syndrome and 58% subjects with BMI>25(out of 62) had metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: All the components defining the metabolic syndrome correlated positively with the abdominal obesity. Systolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than diastolic blood pressure in subjects with abdominal obesity. Metabolic syndrome has multiple risk factors determined by various aspects like the race, the life style, geographical factors larger study is needed to understand the correlation between various components defining it. A healthy lifestyle, that includes avoiding tobacco exposure and proper weight control, must be encouraged in this high-risk population. Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Overweight; Risk factors; Smoking.

scholarly journals Association between serum magnesium and obesity in postmenopausal women

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3156
Author(s):  
Alka Yadav ◽  
Madhuri Gupta ◽  
R. C. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary History

Background: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition in which excess body weight may put a female at risk of serious health problems such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Magnesium deficiency is reported to be associated with obesity in children and adolescents. An inverse relationship has been reported between serum magnesium and estrogen levels in women. It is not known whether magnesium deficiency may have a role in genesis of obesity in women after menopause. Therefore, the present study was planned to compare serum magnesium levels in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women and to find out the relationship, if any, between serum magnesium levels and obesity.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry at National Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan on fifty subjects over a period of six months. Twenty-five obese postmenopausal women (BMI ≥ 30) having their final menstrual period at least one year prior to the study were taken as the study group and twenty-five non-obese (BMI ≤ 22.9) post-menopausal women were taken as control group. All subjects were asked to give detailed dietary history using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Venous blood samples were collected after an overnight fast for estimation of serum total magnesium in all subjects.Results: Obese postmenopausal women had significantly higher weight (78.36±0.064kg) and BMI (32.68±1.7kg/mt2) compared to non-obese postmenopausal women (wt. 54.72±4.80kg and BMI 21.75±1.68kg/mt2). The mean±SD serum magnesium concentration found in the obese postmenopausal women was 1.40±0.45mg/dl as compared to 2.03±0.49 mg/dl in the non-obese group. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant (r = -0.9) negative correlation between BMI and serum magnesium in postmenopausal women.Conclusions: Serum magnesium was lower in obese postmenopausal women as compared to that in non-obese postmenopausal women. Serum magnesium was negatively correlated with BMI. Magnesium supplementation may be useful in prevention of obesity after menopause.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hema S. Bagry ◽  
Sreekrishna Raghavendran ◽  
Franco Carli ◽  
David S. Warner ◽  
Mark A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Primary Defect ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Biologic Response ◽  
Sugar Levels

Metabolic syndrome represents a constellation of risk factors associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and progression to diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance, a state of decreased biologic response to physiologic concentrations of insulin, is a key component of this syndrome and seems to be the result of a primary defect at the skeletal muscle glucose transporter. Acute illness and the perioperative period are characterized by a state of insulin resistance that manifests as hyperglycemia and leads to various other metabolic and biochemical alterations that adversely affect end organ function. Hyperglycemia in acutely ill patients adversely affects outcome. Achieving euglycemia seems beneficial in certain clinical situations, but considerable disagreement exists regarding the target blood sugar levels, the duration of therapy, and the modality. Pharmacotherapy, exercise, and nutrition to improve insulin sensitivity seem promising but require further evaluation to confirm their efficacy for perioperative risk reduction. This review discusses the pathophysiology and the clinical implications of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the acutely ill patient with an emphasis on perioperative modulation strategies.

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