scholarly journals Associations among High-Quality Protein and Energy Intake, Serum Transthyretin, Serum Amino Acids and Linear Growth of Children in Ethiopia

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masresha Tessema ◽  
Nilupa Gunaratna ◽  
Inge Brouwer ◽  
Katherine Donato ◽  
Jessica Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Serum Amino Acids

Limited evidence is available on the associations of high-quality protein and energy intake, serum transthyretin (TTR), serum amino acids and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with linear growth of young children. Data collected during the baseline of a randomized control trial involving rural Ethiopian children aged 6–35 months (n = 873) were analyzed to evaluate the associations among height/length-for-age z-scores, dietary intakes, and these biomarkers (i.e., serum level of TTR, IGF-1, tryptophan and lysine, and inflammation). The prevalence of stunting was higher for children >23 months (38%) than ≤23 months (25%). The prevalence of inflammation was 35% and of intestinal parasites 48%. Three-quarters of the children were energy deficient, and stunted children had lower daily energy intake that non-stunted children (p < 0.05). Intakes of tryptophan, protein, and energy, and serum levels of tryptophan and IGF-1 were positively correlated with the linear growth of children. Controlling for inflammation, intestinal parasites, and sociodemographic characteristics, daily tryptophan (b = 0.01, p = 0.001), protein (b = 0.01, p = 0.01) and energy (b = 0.0003, p = 0.04) intakes and serum TTR (b = 2.58, p = 0.04) and IGF-1 (b = 0.01, p = 0.003) were positively associated with linear growth of children. Linear growth failure in Ethiopian children is likely associated with low quality protein intake and inadequate energy intake. Nutrition programs that emphasize improved protein quantity and quality and energy intake may enhance the linear growth of young children and need to be further investigated in longitudinal and interventional studies.

Serum amino acids in relation to nutritional status, lung function and energy intake in patients with advanced pulmonary disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. FØRLI ◽  
J.I. PEDERSEN ◽  
Ø. BJØRTUFT ◽  
M. VATN ◽  
J. KOFSTAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Serum Amino Acids

scholarly journals Qualitative Protein Hydrolyzed from Nerita undata in supralittoral rocks and mezolittoral zone of Hasa Cape using TLC

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Healthy Kainama ◽  
Hanoch J. Sohilait ◽  
Christian Jacob Souisa
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Peptide Bonds ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Acetic Acid Water ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Gastropods are the sources of protein for coastal communities in the Maluku islands. We conducted analysis quantitative and qualitative of protein in Nerita undata meat from Hasa Cape in Saparua Island. The percentage of protein was analyzed by the Kjeldahl method. Qualitative analysis began with breaking peptide bonds in protein to amino acid components by sulphuric acid and barium hydroxide hydrolyzed. We identified amino acid compounds by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in butanol-acetic acid-water (8:1:1, v/v) as eluent. The result showed that N. undata meat contains 11.15% of protein and twelve amino acid compounds. There are seven essential amino acids in N. undata meat from supralittoral rocks and mezolittoral zone of Hasa cape is a source of quality protein. Thus, this species can be considered as a source of high-quality protein.

VARIABILITY IN NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF FISH FLOUR

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Morrison ◽  
J. M. McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Bio Assay

Corrected protein efficiency ratio (P.E.R.) values for various samples of fish flour were found to vary from 1.51 to 2.76. Coefficients of apparent protein digestibility were similar for all flours tested, but the lysine in the sample which gave the lowest P.E.R. was less available by rat bio-assay than that in the other samples. Although the variation in nutritional value could not be ascribed to differences in the total lysine, methionine, and cystine contents of the samples, reduced amounts of lysine and methionine were released by pancreatic digestion of the flour which gave the lowest P.E.R. value. It was suggested that the reduced utilization of the amino acids in this sample may have resulted, in part, from a reduction in their rates of release in vivo. It was concluded that although fish flour may vary widely in nutritional value, properly prepared samples provide high quality protein for use in human or animal diets.

Technology of high quality protein crystals’ obtaining aboard the ISS at execution of joint Japanese–Russian experiments

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Koji INAKA ◽  
Saori ICHIMIZU ◽  
Izumi YOSHIZAKI ◽  
Kiyohito KIHIRA ◽  
Elena G. LAVRENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Design ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Protein Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
International Space ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Quality Protein

A series of space experiments aboard the International Space Station (ISS) associated with high-quality Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) in microgravity conditions can be considered as a unique and one of the best examples of fruitful collaboration between Japanese and Russian scientists and engineers in space, which includes also other ISS International Partners. X-ray diffraction is still the most powerful tool to determine the protein three dimensional structure necessary for Structure based drug design (SBDD). The major purpose of the experiment is to grow high quality protein crystals in microgravity for X-ray diffraction on Earth. Within one and a half decade, Japan and Russia have established an efficient process over PCG in space to support latest developments over drug design and structural biology. One of the keys for success of the experiment lies in how precisely pre-launch preparations are made. Japanese party provides flight equipment for crystallization and ensures the required environment to support the experiment aboard of the ISS’s Kibo module, and also mainly takes part of the experiment ground support such as protein sample characterization, purification, crystallization screening, and solution optimization for microgravity experiment. Russian party is responsible for integration of the flight items equipped with proteins and precipitants on board Russian transportation space vehicles (Soyuz or Progress), for delivery them at the ISS, transfer to Kibo module, and returning the experiments’ results back on Earth aboard Soyuz manned capsule. Due to close cooperation of the parties and solid organizational structure, samples can be launched at the ISS every half a year if the ground preparation goes smoothly. The samples are crystallized using counter diffusion method at 20 degree C for 1–2.5 months. After samples return, the crystals are carefully taken out from the capillary, and frozen for X-ray diffraction at SPring8 facility in Japan. Extensive support of researchers from both countries is also a part of this process. The paper analyses details of the PCG experiment scheme, unique and reliable technology of its execution, and contains examples of the application. Key words: International Space Station, Protein crystals, Microgravity, International collaboration.

scholarly journals A Novel Dietary Intervention Reduces Circulatory Branched-Chain Amino Acids by 50%: A Pilot Study of Relevance for Obesity and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Imran Ramzan ◽  
Moira Taylor ◽  
Beth Phillips ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Branched Chain

Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restriction was suggested to mitigate these risks in rodent models, but this is a challenging paradigm to deliver in humans. We aimed to design and assess the feasibility of a diet aimed at reducing circulating BCAA concentrations in humans, while maintaining energy balance and overall energy/protein intake. Twelve healthy individuals were assigned to either a 7-day BCAA-restricted diet or a 7-day control diet. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric, with only BCAA levels differing between the two. The BCAA-restricted diet significantly reduced circulating BCAA concentrations by ~50% i.e., baseline 437 ± 60 to 217 ± 40 µmol/L (p < 0.005). Individually, both valine (245 ± 33 to 105 ± 23 µmol/L; p < 0.0001), and leucine (130 ± 20 to 75 ± 13 µmol/L; p < 0.05), decreased significantly in response to the BCAA-restricted diet. The BCAA-restricted diet marginally lowered Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels: baseline 1.5 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.1; (p = 0.096). We successfully lowered circulating BCAAs by 50% while maintaining iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric dietary intakes, and while meeting the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for protein requirements. The present pilot study represents a novel dietary means by which to reduce BCAA, and as such, provides a blueprint for a potential dietary therapeutic in obesity/diabetes.

The effect of ovariectomy of serum amino acids and cholesterol in the rat

Amino Acids ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Frauscher ◽  
G. Lubec
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Amino Acids
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