scholarly journals A Novel Dietary Intervention Reduces Circulatory Branched-Chain Amino Acids by 50%: A Pilot Study of Relevance for Obesity and Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Imran Ramzan ◽  
Moira Taylor ◽  
Beth Phillips ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Branched Chain

Elevated circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; isoleucine, leucine, and valine) are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reducing circulatory BCAAs by dietary restriction was suggested to mitigate these risks in rodent models, but this is a challenging paradigm to deliver in humans. We aimed to design and assess the feasibility of a diet aimed at reducing circulating BCAA concentrations in humans, while maintaining energy balance and overall energy/protein intake. Twelve healthy individuals were assigned to either a 7-day BCAA-restricted diet or a 7-day control diet. Diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric, with only BCAA levels differing between the two. The BCAA-restricted diet significantly reduced circulating BCAA concentrations by ~50% i.e., baseline 437 ± 60 to 217 ± 40 µmol/L (p < 0.005). Individually, both valine (245 ± 33 to 105 ± 23 µmol/L; p < 0.0001), and leucine (130 ± 20 to 75 ± 13 µmol/L; p < 0.05), decreased significantly in response to the BCAA-restricted diet. The BCAA-restricted diet marginally lowered Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels: baseline 1.5 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.1; (p = 0.096). We successfully lowered circulating BCAAs by 50% while maintaining iso-nitrogenous, iso-caloric dietary intakes, and while meeting the recommended daily allowances (RDA) for protein requirements. The present pilot study represents a novel dietary means by which to reduce BCAA, and as such, provides a blueprint for a potential dietary therapeutic in obesity/diabetes.

The Weight Loss Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin B6: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Obese and Overweight Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shakibay Novin ◽  
Saeed Ghavamzadeh ◽  
Alireza Mehdizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), with vitamin B6 have been reported to improve fat metabolism and muscle synthesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 would result in more weight loss and improve body composition and blood markers related to cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the mentioned supplementation would affect weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors during weight loss intervention. To this end, we performed a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in 42 overweight and obese women (BMI = 25–34.9 kg/m2). Taking a four-week moderate deficit calorie diet (–500 kcal/day), participants were randomized to receive BCAA (6 g/day) with vitamin B6 (40 mg/day) or placebo. Body composition variables measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis, homeostatic model assessment, and plasma insulin, Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The result indicated that, weight loss was not significantly affected by BCAA and vitamin B6 supplementation (–2.43 ± 1.02 kg) or placebo (–1.64 ± 1.48 kg). However, significant time × treatment interactions in waist to hip ratio (P = 0.005), left leg lean (P = 0.004) and right leg lean (P = 0.023) were observed. Overall, supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 could preserve legs lean and also attenuated waist to hip ratio.

scholarly journals Effects of branched chain amino acids infusion on whole‐body plasma glucose disposal: a pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Everman ◽  
Lawrence J Mandarino ◽  
Guilherme M Puga ◽  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Christos S Katsanos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Branched Chain

Branched Chain Amino Acids as Adjunctive Therapy to Ketogenic Diet in Epilepsy: Pilot Study and Hypothesis

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Evangeliou ◽  
Martha Spilioti ◽  
Vai Doulioglou ◽  
Panagiota Kalaidopoulou ◽  
Anestis Ilias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Adjunctive Therapy ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Association of dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids with long-term risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-60
Author(s):  
Binbin Xu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Liyuan Pu ◽  
Chang Shu ◽  
Lian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives: Studies on associations between dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and long-term risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality have yielded inconclusive results. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary BCAA intake and long-term risks of CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality in nationwide survey participants aged ≥18. Design: This was a prospective cohort study of a nationally representative sample of 14,397 adults aged ≥18 who participated in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Dietary intakes of BCAAs (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) were determined from the total nutrient intake document. The main outcomes were CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality. Results: During 289,406 person-years of follow-up, we identified 4,219 deaths, including 1,133 from CVD and 926 from cancer. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of all-cause mortality in the highest dietary BCAA and isoleucine intake quintile (reference: lowest quintiles) were 0.68 (0.48–0.97) and 0.68 (0.48–0.97), respectively. Each one-standard-deviation increase in total dietary BCAA or isoleucine intake was associated with an 18% or 21% decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. The serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was found to modify the association between the dietary BCAA intake and all-cause mortality (P for interaction = 0.008). Conclusions: In a nationally representative cohort, higher dietary intakes of BCAAs and isoleucine were independently associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, and these associations were stronger in participants with higher serum TG concentrations.

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Amino Acids Have Equivalent Effects to Other Essential Amino Acids on Lifespan and Aging-Related Traits in Drosophila

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juricic ◽  
Sebastian Grönke ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Compensatory Feeding ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been suggested to be particularly potent activators of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Moreover, increased circulating BCAAs are associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes in both mice and humans, and with increased mortality in mice. However, it remains unknown if BCAAs play a more prominent role in longevity than do other essential amino acids (EAAs). To test for a more prominent role of BCAAs in lifespan and related traits in Drosophila, we restricted either BCAAs or a control group of three other EAAs, threonine, histidine and lysine (THK). BCAA restriction induced compensatory feeding, lipid accumulation, stress resistance and amelioration of age-related gut pathology. It also extended lifespan in a dietary-nitrogen-dependent manner. Importantly, the control restriction of THK had similar effects on these phenotypes. Our control diet was designed to have every EAA equally limiting for growth and reproduction, and our findings therefore suggest that the level of the most limiting EAAs in the diet, rather than the specific EAAs that are limiting, determines the response of these phenotypes to EAA restriction.

scholarly journals Altered Dairy Protein Intake Does Not Alter Circulatory Branched Chain Amino Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Prodhan ◽  
Amber Milan ◽  
Eric Thorstensen ◽  
Matthew Barnett ◽  
Ralph Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dairy Protein ◽  
The Impact

Dairy, as a major component of a high protein diet, is a critical dietary source of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which are biomarkers of health and diseases. While BCAA are known to be key stimulators of protein synthesis, elevated circulatory BCAA is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined the impact of altered dairy intake on plasma BCAA and their potential relationship to insulin sensitivity. Healthy adults (n = 102) were randomized to receive dietary advice to reduce, maintain, or increase habitual dairy intake for 1 month. Food intake was recorded with food frequency questionnaires. Self-reported protein intake from dairy was reported to be reduced (−14.6 ± 3.0 g/day), maintained (−4.0 ± 2.0 g/day) or increased (+13.8 ± 4.1 g/day) according to group allocation. No significant alterations in circulating free amino acids (AA), including BCAA, were measured. Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), was also unaltered. A significant change in dairy protein intake showed no significant effect on fasting circulatory BCAA and insulin sensitivity in healthy populations.

OR24: Effect of the Presence of the Polymorphism of BCAT2 RS11548193 on Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids Concentration After a Dietary Intervention in Subjects with Obesity and Insulin Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S13
Author(s):  
L.E. González-Salazar ◽  
E. Pichardo-Ontiveros ◽  
A. Vigil-Martínez ◽  
O. Granados-Portillo ◽  
M.D.R. Guizar-Heredia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids With Obesity: The Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1072-1072
Author(s):  
Akinkunmi Okekunle ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Sherlyn Mae Provido ◽  
Grace Chung ◽  
Sangmo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Filipino Migrants ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objectives Migration plays a significant role in dietary choices and health of populations. Studies on dietary intakes of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and health status of migrant populations are scarce. This study examined the association between dietary BCAA intake and risk of obesity among migrant Filipino women in Korea. Methods This study included 428 women (20–57years) enrolled in the FiLWHEL study. Demographic information and anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were obtained using a standard protocol. Dietary BCAA (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) intakes were derived from a one-day 24-hour dietary recall. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Energy-adjusted BCAA intakes were categorized in quartile distribution with the lowest quartile as a reference and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of obesity risk were estimated using logistic regression at a statistical significance of P &lt; 0.05. Results Mean age and BMI were 35.0 ± 8.1 years and 23.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2 respectively. 30.8% had BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Also, median and interquartile range of BCAA intakes (mg/day) were isoleucine: 1920.9 (1231.9–2719.1), leucine: 3318.9 (2134.2–4774.1), valine: 2257.3 (1442.6–3283.1) and total BCAA: 7519.0 (4762.0–10,726.9). Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI for obesity risk given dietary BCAA intakes for each subsequent quartile compared to the bottom quartile were; isoleucine: 0.48 (0.27–0.89), 0.67 (0.37–1.02), and 0.49 (0.27–0.89) P for trend = 0.09; leucine: 0.69 (0.37–1.28), 0.80 (0.44–1.46), and 0.62 (0.34–1.13) P for trend = 0.23; valine: 0.51 (0.27–0.95), 0.77 (0.43–1.37), and 0.52 (0.28–0.95) P for trend = 0.15 and total BCAA: 0.58 (0.31–1.09), 0.82 (0.45–1.48), and 0.56 (0.31–1.03) P for trend = 0.23. Conclusions Dietary BCAA intake appears inversely related to the odds of obesity in this sample of Filipino migrants in Korea. Cohort studies among migrant population might significantly benefit the validation of these observations. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, (No. 201300000001270), Chong Kun Dang Pharm. Seoul, Korea (No. 201600000000225) and the Brain Pool Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. 2020H1D3A1A04081265).

scholarly journals Genetic predisposition to impaired metabolism of the branched chain amino acids, dietary intakes, and risk of type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqi Wang ◽  
Zengjiao Liu ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Tianshu Han ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Background and objectives Circulating branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The genetic variants in the BCAA metabolic pathway influence the individual metabolic ability of BCAAs and may affect circulating BCAA levels together with dietary intakes. So, we investigated whether genetic predisposition to impaired BCAA metabolism interacts with dietary BCAA intakes on the risk of type 2 diabetes and related parameters. Methods We estimated dietary BCAA intakes among 434 incident T2D cases and 434 age-matched controls from The Harbin Cohort Study on Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. The genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated on the basis of 5 variants having been identified in the BCAA metabolic pathway. Multivariate logistic regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess the interaction between dietary BCAAs and GRS on T2D risk and HbA1c. Results Dietary BCAAs significantly interact with metabolism related GRS on T2D risk and HbA1c (p for interaction = 0.038 and 0.015, respectively). A high intake of dietary BCAAs was positively associated with diabetes incidence only among high GRS (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.39, 4.12, P for trend = 0.002). Dietary BCAAs were associated with 0.14% elevated HbA1c (p = 0.003) and this effect increased to 0.21% in high GRS (p = 0.003). Furthermore, GRS were associated with 9.19 μmol/L higher plasma BCAA levels (p = 0.006, P for interaction = 0.015) only among the highest BCAA intake individuals. Conclusions Our study suggests that genetic predisposition to BCAA metabolism disorder modifies the effect of dietary BCAA intakes on T2D risk as well as HbA1c and that higher BCAA intakes exert an unfavorable effect on type 2 diabetes risk and HbA1c only among those with high genetic susceptibility.

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