scholarly journals The Role of Vitamin E in Immunity

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga Lee ◽  
Sung Han
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Immunological Diseases ◽  
Modulate Signal ◽  
Immunological Changes

Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that can protect the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the membrane from oxidation, regulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and modulate signal transduction. Immunomodulatory effects of vitamin E have been observed in animal and human models under normal and disease conditions. With advances in understating of the development, function, and regulation of dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, recent studies have focused on vitamin E’s effects on specific immune cells. This review will summarize the immunological changes observed with vitamin E intervention in animals and humans, and then describe the cell-specific effects of vitamin E in order to understand the mechanisms of immunomodulation and implications of vitamin E for immunological diseases.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of TLR4-Mediated Autophagy and Nitroxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunli Zhang ◽  
Qiuyan Huang ◽  
Shoulong Deng ◽  
Yecheng Yang ◽  
Jianhao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Nitroxidative Stress ◽  
Recognition Receptor

Pathogenic infections have badly affected public health and the development of the breeding industry. Billions of dollars are spent every year fighting against these pathogens. The immune cells of a host produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species which promote the clearance of these microbes. In addition, autophagy, which is considered an effective method to promote the destruction of pathogens, is involved in pathological processes. As research continues, the interplay between autophagy and nitroxidative stress has become apparent. Autophagy is always intertwined with nitroxidative stress. Autophagy regulates nitroxidative stress to maintain homeostasis within an appropriate range. Intracellular oxidation, in turn, is a strong inducer of autophagy. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor mainly involved in the regulation of inflammation during infectious diseases. Several studies have suggested that TLR4 is also a key regulator of autophagy and nitroxidative stress. In this review, we describe the role of TLR4 in autophagy and oxidation, and focus on its function in influencing autophagy-nitroxidative stress interactions.

Mesenchymal stem cells induce mature dendritic cells into a novel Jagged-2–dependent regulatory dendritic cell population

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Dan Shi ◽  
Xingxia Liu ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Multilineage Differentiation ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Cd11b Expression ◽  
Dendritic Cell Population

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in addition to their multilineage differentiation, exert immunomodulatory effects on immune cells, even dendritic cells (DCs). However, whether they influence the destiny of full mature DCs (maDCs) remains controversial. Here we report that MSCs vigorously promote proliferation of maDCs, significantly reduce their expression of Ia, CD11c, CD80, CD86, and CD40 while increasing CD11b expression. Interestingly, though these phenotypes clearly suggest their skew to immature status, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation could not reverse this trend. Moreover, high endocytosic capacity, low immunogenicity, and strong immunoregulatory function of MSC-treated maDCs (MSC-DCs) were also observed. Furthermore we found that MSCs, partly via cell-cell contact, drive maDCs to differentiate into a novel Jagged-2–dependent regulatory DC population and escape their apoptotic fate. These results further support the role of MSCs in preventing rejection in organ transplantation and treatment of autoimmune disease.

scholarly journals Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽  
Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽  
María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Role of ROS/RNS in Preeclampsia: Are Connexins the Missing Piece?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4698 ◽  
Author(s):  
María F. Rozas-Villanueva ◽  
Paola Casanello ◽  
Mauricio A. Retamal
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Transmembrane Proteins ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Gap Junction Channels ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that appears after 20 weeks of gestation and is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, affecting both mother and offspring. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause the development of preeclampsia are poorly understood. An important feature of preeclampsia is an increase in oxygen and nitrogen derived free radicals (reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), which seem to be central players setting the development and progression of preeclampsia. Cell-to-cell communication may be disrupted as well. Connexins (Cxs), a family of transmembrane proteins that form hemichannels and gap junction channels (GJCs), are essential in paracrine and autocrine cell communication, allowing the movement of signaling molecules between cells as well as between the cytoplasm and the extracellular media. GJCs and hemichannels are fundamental for communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells and, therefore, in the control of vascular contraction and relaxation. In systemic vasculature, the activity of GJCs and hemichannels is modulated by ROS and RNS. Cxs participate in the development of the placenta and are expressed in placental vasculature. However, it is unknown whether Cxs are modulated by ROS/RNS in the placenta, or whether this potential modulation contributes to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Our review addresses the possible role of Cxs in preeclampsia, and the plausible modulation of Cxs-formed channels by ROS and RNS. We suggest these factors may contribute to the development of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Long-term macrolide antibiotics in asthma therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-258
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takekoshi ◽  
Patrick Belvitch ◽  
Israel Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature

Macrolide antibiotics drew worldwide attention when their use was dramatically successful in the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis in 1980s. The success was attributed to their immunomodulatory effects, rather than their antimicrobial properties. Since then, studies have shown that macrolides exert their immunomodulatory effects through several mechanisms, including suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, promoting apoptosis of inflammatory cells, improving phagocytic function, ameliorating airway hypersecretion, and inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species. Macrolides have also been studied in the treatment of asthma. This review highlights the role of macrolides in the treatment of asthma, presenting an overview of the main clinical trials. Despite favourable preclinical data and reports of anecdotal successes, the results of clinical trials are conflicting. This may be due to the heterogeneous nature of asthma. Further studies are needed to identify particular subgroup of asthma that will respond to macrolides.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Dopamine in Inflammatory Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Feng ◽  
Yan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Da Receptors ◽  
Receptor Mosaic ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
D4 Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Dopamine (DA) receptor, a significant G protein-coupled receptor, is classified into two families: D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, and D4) receptor families, with further formation of homodimers, heteromers, and receptor mosaic. Increasing evidence suggests that the immune system can be affected by the nervous system and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine. Recently, the role of the DA receptor in inflammation has been widely studied, mainly focusing on NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB pathway, and immune cells. This article provides a brief review of the structures, functions, and signaling pathways of DA receptors and their relationships with inflammation. With detailed descriptions of their roles in Parkinson disease, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis, this article provides a theoretical basis for drug development targeting DA receptors in inflammatory diseases.

The role of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of varicocele in a rat model and efficiency of vitamin E treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Cam ◽  
Ferruh Simsek ◽  
Meral Yuksel ◽  
Levent Turker ◽  
Goncagul Haklar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals The Biphasic Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Senile Plaques ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia, macrophage-like resident immune cells in the brain, play critical roles in the inflammatory aspects of AD. Microglia may be activated by oligomeric and fibrillar species of amyloidβ(Aβ) that are constituents of senile plaques and by molecules derived from degenerated neurons, such as purines and chemokines, which enhance their migration and phagocytosis. The main neurotoxic molecules produced by activated microglia may be reactive oxygen species, glutamate, and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor-necrosis-factor-αand interleukin- (IL-) 1βThese molecules differentially induce neurotoxicity. Aβitself directly damages neurons. In terms of neuroprotective properties, microglia treated with fractalkine or IL-34 attenuate Aβneurotoxicity by Aβclearance and the production of antioxidants. Therefore, regulation of the microglial role in neuroprotection may be a useful therapeutic strategy for AD.

scholarly journals Long-term macrolide antibiotics in asthma therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takekoshi ◽  
Patrick Belvitch ◽  
Israel Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature

Macrolide antibiotics drew worldwide attention when their use was dramatically successful in the treatment of diffuse panbronchiolitis in 1980s. The success was attributed to their immunomodulatory effects, rather than their antimicrobial properties. Since then, studies have shown that macrolides exert their immunomodulatory effects through several mechanisms, including suppression of proinflammatory cytokines, promoting apoptosis of inflammatory cells, improving phagocytic function, ameliorating airway hypersecretion, and inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species. Macrolides have also been studied in the treatment of asthma. This review highlights the role of macrolides in the treatment of asthma, presenting an overview of the main clinical trials. Despite favourable preclinical data and reports of anecdotal successes, the results of clinical trials are conflicting. This may be due to the heterogeneous nature of asthma. Further studies are needed to identify particular subgroup of asthma that will respond to macrolides.

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