scholarly journals Dietary Interventions in Pollen-Related Food Allergy

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lyons ◽  
Anne Dijk ◽  
André Knulst ◽  
Eleonora Alquati ◽  
Thuy-My Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Total N ◽  
Apple Cultivars

In practice, it remains unclear what the best dietary approach is in subjects with pollen-related food allergy (PRFA). Our objective was to evaluate the effect of (1) dietary avoidance advice, (2) oral immunotherapy (OIT), (3) (heat) processing, and (4) consumption of hypoallergenic cultivars on frequency, severity, and eliciting dose of pollen-related food allergic reactions. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. All studies performing an in vivo investigation of one of the four interventions in adults with PRFA were included. Each study was assessed for quality and validity. Available data on frequency, severity, and eliciting dose of allergic reactions were extracted. Ten studies matched the eligibility criteria. No studies were retrieved on dietary avoidance advice. Two studies (N = 92) on apple OIT reported that tolerance was induced in 63% and 81% of subjects. Four studies (total N = 116) focused on heat processing. Heating was found to completely eradicate symptoms in 15–71% of hazelnut allergic and 46% of celery allergic individuals. Four studies (N = 60) comparing low to high allergenic apple cultivars revealed that Santana (and possibly Elise) apples seemed to cause milder reactions than Golden Delicious. In the awareness that overall level of evidence was low, we conclude that OIT, heat processing, and hypoallergenic cultivars may diminish or completely prevent allergic reactions in some but not all subjects with PRFA.

scholarly journals Weighing the benefits and risks of oral immunotherapy in clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Anagnostou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Working Together

Food allergies are common and affect 6‐8% of children in the United States; they pose a significant burden on the quality of life of children with allergy and their caregivers due to multiple daily restrictions. Despite the recommended dietary avoidance, reactions tend to occur due to unintentional exposure to the allergenic food trigger. Fear of accidental ingestions with potentially severe reactions, including anaphylaxis and death, creates anxiety in individuals with food allergy. Oral immunotherapy has emerged as a form of active and potentially disease-modifying treatment for common food allergies encountered in childhood. The efficacy of oral immunotherapy is high, with the majority of participants achieving desensitization and, as a result, protection from trace exposures and improved quality of life. The main risk of oral immunotherapy consists of allergic reactions to treatment. In general, rates of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis are reported to be higher in individuals pursuing therapy options, but most subjects who undergo oral immunotherapy will likely experience mild or moderate reactions during treatment. Adverse events tend to reduce in both frequency and number in the maintenance period. The use of immune modulators alongside oral immunotherapy has been suggested, with the aim to improve efficacy and safety, and to facilitate the overall process. It is evident that the landscape of food allergy management is changing and that the future looks brighter, with different options emerging over time. The process of how to choose the appropriate option becomes a discussion between the clinician and the patient, which involves a joint review of the current medical evidence but also the patient's preference for balancing particular attributes of the treatment. By working together, providers and patients will ensure achievement of the best possible outcome for children with food allergies.

Peculiarities of the course of type I allergic reactions in patients with blood diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
A. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Type I ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Blood Diseases ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Modern Methods

Analysis of literature data presented in search engines — Elibrary, PubMed, Cochrane — concerning the risk of developing type I allergic reactions in patients with blood diseases is presented. It is shown that the most common cause of type I allergic reactions is drugs included in the treatment regimens of this category of patients. The article presents statistics on the increase in the number of drug allergies leading to cases of anaphylactic shock in patients with blood diseases. Modern methods for the diagnosis of type I allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro are considered.

scholarly journals Addressing Common Misconceptions in Food Allergy: A Review

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Aikaterini Anagnostou
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Allergy Prevention ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Skin Prick Tests ◽  
Food Specific Ige ◽  
Common Misconceptions

Background: Food allergies are common, affecting 1 in 13 school children in the United States and their prevalence is increasing. Many misconceptions exist with regards to food allergy prevention, diagnosis and management. Objective: The main objective of this review is to address misconceptions with regards to food allergies and discuss the optimal, evidence-based approach for patients who carry this diagnosis. Observations: Common misconceptions in terms of food allergy prevention include beliefs that breastfeeding and delayed introduction of allergenic foods prevent the development of food allergies. In terms of diagnosis, statements such as ‘larger skin prick tests or/and higher levels of food-specific IgE can predict the severity of food-induced allergic reactions’, or ‘Tryptase is always elevated in food-induced anaphylaxis’ are inaccurate. Additionally, egg allergy is not a contraindication for receiving the influenza vaccine, food-allergy related fatalities are rare and peanut oral immunotherapy, despite reported benefits, is not a cure for food allergies. Finally, not all infants with eczema will develop food allergies and epinephrine auto-injectors may unfortunately be both unavailable and underused in food-triggered anaphylaxis. Conclusions and relevance: Healthcare professionals must be familiar with recent evidence in the food allergy field and avoid common misunderstandings that may negatively affect prevention, diagnosis and management of this chronic disease.

scholarly journals Current status of wet lab and cadaveric simulation in urological training: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Jabir ◽  
Abdullatif Aydin ◽  
Hussain Al-Jabir ◽  
M. Shamim Khan ◽  
Prokar Dasgupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cadaveric Simulation ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Urological Training

Introduction: We undertook a systematic review of the use of wet lab (animal and cadaveric) simulation models in urological training, with an aim to establishing a level of evidence (LoE) for studies and level of recommendation (LoR) for models, as well as evaluating types of validation. Methods: Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for English-language studies using search terms including a combination of surgery, surgical training, and medical education. These results were combined with wet lab, animal model, cadaveric, and in-vivo. Studies were then assigned a LoE and LoR if appropriate as per the education-modified Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine classification. Results: A total of 43 articles met the inclusion criteria. There was a mean of 23.1 (±19.2) participants per study with a median of 20. Overall, the studies were largely of low quality, with 90.7% of studies being lower than 2a LoE (n=26 for LoE 2b and n=13 for LoE 3). The majority (72.1%, n=31) of studies were in animal models and 27.9% (n=12) were in cadaveric models. Conclusions: Simulation in urological education is becoming more prevalent in the literature, however, there is a focus on animal rather than cadaveric simulation, possibly due to cost and ethical considerations. Studies are also predominately of a low LoE; more higher LoEs, especially randomized controlled studies, are needed.

Load Response of the Tarsal Bones in Patients with Flatfoot Deformity: In Vivo 3D Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamitsu Kido ◽  
Kazuya Ikoma ◽  
Kan Imai ◽  
Masahiro Maki ◽  
Ryota Takatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Talonavicular Joint ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Tibiotalar Joint ◽  
Talocalcaneal Joint ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Tarsal Bones

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone rotation of each joint in the hindfoot and compare the load response in healthy feet with that in flatfeet by analyzing the reconstructive three-dimensional (3D) CT image data during weightbearing. Methods: CT scans of 21 healthy feet and 21 feet with flatfoot deformity were taken in non-load condition followed by full-body weightbearing load condition. The images of the hindfoot bones were reconstructed into 3D models. The volume merge method in three planes was used to calculate the position of the talus relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint, the navicular relative to the talus in talonavicular joint, and the calcaneus relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint. Results: The talar position difference to the load response relative to the tibia in the tibiotalar joint in a flatfoot was 1.7 degrees more plantarflexed in comparison to that in a healthy foot ( p = 0.031). The navicular position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talonavicular joint was 2.3 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0034). The calcaneal position difference to the load response relative to the talus in the talocalcaneal joint was 1.1 degrees more dorsiflexed ( p = 0.0060) and 1.7 degrees more everted ( p = 0.0018). Conclusion: Referring to previous cadaver study, regarding not only the cadaveric foot, but also the live foot, joint instability occurred in the hindfoot with load in patients with flatfoot. Clinical Relevance: The method used in this study might be applied to clinical analysis of foot diseases such as the staging of flatfoot and to biomechanical analysis to evaluate the effects of foot surgery in the future. Level of Evidence: III

scholarly journals Anti-CD63 antibodies suppress IgE-dependent allergic reactions in vitro and in vivo

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Kraft ◽  
Tony Fleming ◽  
James M. Billingsley ◽  
Shih-Yao Lin ◽  
Marie-Hélène Jouvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
High Affinity Ige Receptor ◽  
Nonadherent Cells ◽  
Tetraspanin Cd63

High-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) cross-linking on mast cells (MCs) induces secretion of preformed allergy mediators (degranulation) and synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokines. Degranulation produces many symptoms of immediate-type allergic reactions and is modulated by adhesion to surfaces coated with specific extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The signals involved in this modulation are mostly unknown and their contribution to allergic reactions in vivo is unclear. Here we report the generation of monoclonal antibodies that potently suppress FcεRI-induced degranulation, but not leukotriene synthesis. We identified the antibody target as the tetraspanin CD63. Tetraspanins are membrane molecules that form multimolecular complexes with a broad array of molecules including ECM protein-binding β integrins. We found that anti-CD63 inhibits MC adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin. Furthermore, anti-CD63 inhibits FcεRI-mediated degranulation in cells adherent to those ECM proteins but not in nonadherent cells. Thus the inhibition of degranulation by anti-CD63 correlates with its effect on adhesion. In support of a mechanistic linkage between the two types of inhibition, anti-CD63 had no effect on FcεRI-induced global tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium mobilization but impaired the Gab2–PI3K pathway that is known to be essential for both degranulation and adhesion. Finally, we showed that these antibodies inhibited FcεRI-mediated allergic reactions in vivo. These properties raise the possibility that anti-CD63 could be used as therapeutic agents in MC-dependent diseases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy and Dental Plaque: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Santin ◽  
D. S. B. Oliveira ◽  
R. Galo ◽  
M. C. Borsatto ◽  
S. A. M. Corona
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Quality Assessments

Background. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDTa) on cariogenic dental biofilm.Types of Studies Reviewed. Studiesin vivo,in vitro, andin situwere included. Articles that did not address PDTa, those that did not involve cariogenic biofilm, those that used microorganisms in the plankton phase, and reviews were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessments were performed independently by two raters using a scale.Results. Two hundred forty articles were retrieved; only seventeen of them met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed in the present review. Considerable variability was found regarding the methodologies and application protocols for antimicrobial PDTa. Two articles reported unfavorable results.Practical Implications. The present systematic review does not allow drawing any concrete conclusions regarding the efficacy of antimicrobial PDTa, although this method seems to be a promising option.

scholarly journals A Novel Paclitaxel Microemulsion Containing a Reduced Amount of Cremophor EL: Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution, andIn VivoAntitumor Efficacy and Safety

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ke-Chun Wu ◽  
Bing-Xiang Zhao ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Antitumor Efficacy ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Cremophor El ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Allergic Effect ◽  
Injection Product

The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel paclitaxel (PTX) microemulsion containing a reduced amount of Cremophor EL (CrEL) which had similar pharmacokinetics and antitumor efficacy as the commercially available PTX injection, but a significantly reduced allergic effect due to the CrEL. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution,in vivoantitumor activity and safety of PTX microemulsion was evaluated. The results of pharmacokinetic and distribution properties of PTX in the microemulsion were similar to those of the PTX injection. The antitumor efficacy of the PTX microemulsion in OVCRA-3 and A 549 tumor-bearing animals was similar to that of PTX injection. The PTX microemulsion did not cause haemolysis, erythrocyte agglutination or simulative reaction. The incidence and degree of allergic reactions exhibited by the PTX microemulsion group, with or without premedication, were significantly lower than those in the PTX injection group (P<.01). In conclusion, the PTX microemulsion had similar pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor efficacy to the PTX injection, but a significantly reduced allergic effect due to CrEL, indicating that the PTX microemulsion overcomes the disadvantages of the conventional PTX injection and is one way of avoiding the limitations of current injection product while providing suitable therapeutic efficacy.

The Effects of Peanut Oral Immunotherapy on Food Allergy Related Quality of Life

2012 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. AB29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Factor ◽  
M.R. Lester ◽  
L.M. Mendelson ◽  
J.O. Lee ◽  
J. Sproviero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Oral Immunotherapy ◽  
Related Quality
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