scholarly journals Suppressive Effect of the α-Amylase Inhibitor Albumin from Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) on Postprandial Hyperglycaemia

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumi Ninomiya ◽  
Shigenobu Ina ◽  
Aya Hamada ◽  
Yusuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Makoto Akao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Amylase Inhibitor ◽  
Level Elevation ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Blood Glucose Elevation

Inhibiting starch hydrolysis into sugar could reduce postprandial blood glucose elevation and contribute to diabetes prevention. Here, both buckwheat and wheat albumin that inhibited mammalian α-amylase in vitro suppressed blood glucose level elevation after starch loading in vivo, but it had no effect after glucose loading. In contrast to the non-competitive inhibition of wheat α-amylase inhibitor, buckwheat albumin acted in a competitive manner. Although buckwheat α-amylase inhibitor was readily hydrolysed by digestive enzymes, the hydrolysate retained inhibitory activity. Together with its thermal stability, this suggests its potential use in functional foods that prevent diabetes.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of Tangeretin and Cardamonin on Human Intestinal SGLT1 Activity In Vitro and Blood Glucose Levels in Mice In Vivo

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3382
Author(s):  
Hideo Satsu ◽  
Ryosuke Shibata ◽  
Hiroto Suzuki ◽  
Shimon Kimura ◽  
Makoto Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Elevation ◽  
Lifestyle Related Diseases

Rapid postprandial blood glucose elevation can cause lifestyle-related diseases, such as type II diabetes. The absorption of food-derived glucose is primarily mediated by sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Moderate SGLT1 inhibition can help attenuate postprandial blood glucose elevation and prevent lifestyle-related diseases. In this study, we established a CHO cell line stably expressing human SGLT1 and examined the effects of phytochemicals on SGLT1 activity. Among the 50 phytochemicals assessed, tangeretin and cardamonin inhibited SGLT1 activity. Tangeretin and cardamonin did not affect the uptake of L-leucine, L-glutamate, and glycyl-sarcosine. Tangeretin, but not cardamonin, inhibited fructose uptake, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of tangeretin was specific to the monosaccharide transporter, whereas that of cardamonin was specific to SGLT1. Kinetic analysis suggested that the suppression of SGLT1 activity by tangeretin was associated with a reduction in Vmax and an increase in Km, whereas suppression by cardamonin was associated with a reduction in Vmax and no change in Km. Oral glucose tolerance tests in mice showed that tangeretin and cardamonin significantly suppressed the rapid increase in blood glucose levels. In conclusion, tangeretin and cardamonin were shown to inhibit SGLT1 activity in vitro and lower blood glucose level in vivo.

Determination the limit of postprandial blood glucose increase and the metabolism of acetylated wheat starch on healthy mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Khoa Bao Chau Thai ◽  
Huu Tien Nguyen ◽  
Huu Dung Tran
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Resistant Starches

Introduction: Nowadays, resistant starches are interested as a supplement food by effecting on the limit of postprandial blood glucose increase and supporting for the diabetes treatment. Recently, we have semisynthesized the acetylated wheat starch (AWS) oriented for supporting the treatment of diabetes mellitus, which is the RS4 formed by chemical structure modification. AWS has been proved itself to show strong resistance to amylase activity in-vitro as well as to be safety in-vivo. Materials and Methods: In this study, we continued to evaluate AWS’s ability to limit postprandial blood glucose increase and determined shortchain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolized from AWS in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy mice by HPLC. Results: the mice fed AWS exhibited a very limited increase in blood glucose levels and remained stable for 2 hours after meals comparing with the control group (mice fed natural wheat starch) (NWS). Simultaneously, the content of SCFAs produced in the caecum of the mice fed AWS was significantly higher than mice fed NWS, especially with acetic and propionic acids by 28% and 26%, respectively. Conclusion: AWS has been shown to limit postprandial hyperglycemia in mice effectively through the resistance to amylase hydrolysis in the small intestine. When going into the caecum, it is fermented to form SCFAs that provide a part of the energy for the body’s activities and to avoid rotten fermentation causing digestive disorders, which are inherent restrictions of normal high cellulose and fiber food. Key words: acetylated wheat starch, natural wheat starch, SCFA, blood glucose

scholarly journals Eurotium Cristatum Fermented Okara as a Potential Food Ingredient to Combat Diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Yan Chan ◽  
Masaki Takahashi ◽  
Pei Jean Lim ◽  
Shinya Aoyama ◽  
Saneyuki Makino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Physical Attributes

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease, and dietary modification is a crucial part of disease management. Okara is a sustainable source of fibre-rich food. Most of the valorization research on okara focused more on the physical attributes instead of the possible health attributes. The fermentation of okara using microbes originated from food source, such as tea, sake, sufu and yoghurt, were explored here. The aim of this study is to investigate fermented okara as a functional food ingredient to reduce blood glucose levels. Fermented and non-fermented okara extracts were analyzed using the metabolomic approach with UHPLC-QTof-MSE. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the anthraquinones, emodin and physcion, served as potential markers and differentiated Eurotium cristatum fermented okara (ECO) over other choices of microbes. The in-vitro α-glucosidase activity assays and in-vivo mice studies showed that ECO can reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. A 20% ECO loading crispy snack prototype revealed a good nutrition composition and could serve as a fundamental formulation for future antidiabetes recipe development, strengthening the hypothesis that ECO can be used as a novel food ingredient for diabetic management.

scholarly journals Suppressive effect of a single dose of monoglucosyl rutin on postprandial blood glucose elevation: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Yushi Hashizume ◽  
Mahamadou Tandia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crossover Study ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Glucose Elevation ◽  
Blind Crossover Study ◽  
Double Blind Crossover Study

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the suppressive effect of a single dose of water-soluble α- glycosylated rutin (monoglucosyl rutin; MR) on postprandial blood glucose elevation in healthy subjects with relatively high fasting blood glucose levels.Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study enrolled 34 healthy Japanese adult subjects with relatively high fasting blood glucose levels. The study period ran from November 13, 2019, to March 19, 2020. All subjects were randomly allocated to either sequence A or sequence B (n = 17 per group) using a computerized random number generator. The washout period was at least one week between periods I and II. In period I, the subjects took either MR or placebo tablets. In period II, subjects took different tablets from the ones they had taken in period I. We evaluated their blood glucose and insulin levels after glucose loading (150 g of cooked rice). The incremental area under the curve (IAUC) of the postprandial blood glucose level was determined as the primary outcome. The blood glucose and insulin levels at maximum (maximum blood concentration; Cmax), each measurement point, and IAUC of the blood insulin level after glucose loading were the secondary outcomes.Results: Out of 33 subjects, 16 in sequence A (11 men and 5 women, 54.5 ± 9.8 years) and 17 in sequence B (9 men and 8 women, 58.8 ± 9.4 years) were analyzed as a per-protocol dataset. The glucose IAUC after MR consumption was significantly lower than that of the placebo (P = 0.034). Results of the other outcomes were not observed with significant treatment effects. There were no adverse events attributable to the test foods.Conclusions: We suggest that MR has a suppressive effect on the elevation of postprandial blood glucose in healthy adults with relatively high fasting blood glucose levels.Trial registration: UMIN-CTR: UMIN000038515. Foundation: Toyo Sugar Refining Co., Ltd.Keywords: monoglucosyl rutin, blood glucose level, incremental area under the curve, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, crossover study

Synthesis, Characterization and in vivo Evaluation of PEGylated PPI Dendrimer for Safe and Prolonged Delivery of Insulin

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish K. Parashar ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Arun K. Gupta ◽  
Neetesh K. Jain ◽  
Balak Das Kurmi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Sustained Delivery ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Hemolytic Toxicity

Background: The present study was aimed at developing and exploring the use of PEGylated Poly (propyleneimine) dendrimers for the delivery of an anti-diabetic drug, insulin. Methods: For this study, 4.0G PPI dendrimer was synthesized by successive Michael addition and exhaustive amidation reactions, using ethylenediamine as the core and acrylonitrile as the propagating agent. Two different activated PEG moieties were employed for PEGylation of PPI dendrimers. Various physicochemical and physiological parameters UV, IR, NMR, TEM, DSC, drug entrapment, drug release, hemolytic toxicity and blood glucose level studies of both PEGylated and non- PEGylated dendritic systems were determined and compared. Results: PEGylation of PPI dendrimers caused increased solubilization of insulin in the dendritic framework as well as in PEG layers, reduced drug release and hemolytic toxicity as well as increased therapeutic efficacy with reduced side effects of insulin. These systems were found to be suitable for sustained delivery of insulin by in vitro and blood glucose-level studies in albino rats, without producing any significant hematological disturbances. Conclusion: Thus, surface modification of PPI dendrimers with PEG molecules has been found to be a suitable approach to utilize it as a safe and effective nano-carrier for drug delivery.

In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Withania coagulans extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejas Patel ◽  
B.N. Suhagia
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acute Toxicity Study ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Study Results

Background: Diabetes mellitus is major issue to public health as its prevalence is rising day by day. Synthetic agents available for the diabetic treatment are expensive or produce undesirable side effect on chronic use and some of them are not suitable during pregnancy. Herbal medicines accepted widely due to side effects and low cost. Objective: The aim of present study was to evaluate the activity of Withania coagulans extract using In-vitro and In-vivo model. Methods: Different three types of Withania coagulans extract were prepared using aqueous (W1), Alcohol (W2) and hydro-alcoholic (50:50) mixture (W3). In-vitro Anti-diabetic activity of the all three extracts evaluated using RINm5F Pancreatic beta cells.Further, n-vivo anti-diabetic evaluation performed by administering 50 mg/kg (p.o) aqueous extract for 7 days in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice. Body weight of the animals was also determined to perform acute toxicity study. Results: The results of in –vitro cell based study indicated that among all three extract, aqueous extract (W1) of Withania coagulans showed potential increase in inulin release. The EC50 of the W1 (249.6 µg/L) which is compared with standard (Glibenclamide) EC50. From the results of In-vitro study, W1 subjected for acute toxicity study and the acute toxicity study results indicated LD50 of 50mg/kg. Diabetic rats treated with W1 extract at oral dose of 50 mg/kg for 7 days showed 34.17% reduction in blood glucose in comparison to untreated diabetic (STZ-induced) rats. Blood glucose levels of Standard treated (Glibenclamide) and control untreated. Conclusion: In conclusion, results of pancreatic beta cell based study showed increase in insulin release by administration of extract. Further aqueous extract (W1) was potentially reduced blood glucose level in STZ induced diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Md. Shaekh Forid ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi ◽  
Md. Nazim Uddin ◽  
Tapashi Ghosh Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

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