scholarly journals Impact of Blood or Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acids for Disease Risk Prediction: Focusing on Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oh Kim ◽  
Su Lee ◽  
Won An
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential nutrients and main constituents of cell membranes that are involved in the signaling pathway and associated with health conditions. We investigated if blood or erythrocyte membrane FAs can predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and related complications. Omega-3 (n-3) FAs are important predictors for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, CVD, and CKD risks, and the n-3 index is also a good biomarker for sudden cardiac death in coronary artery disease. Linoleic acid, which is one of the major n-6 FAs reflecting recent dietary FA intake, may predict CVD risk and mortality in the general population and patients with CKD. Monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) are also related to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy. Oleic acid, a major MUFA, is an emerging marker that is related to acute coronary syndrome, low glomerular filtration rate, and vascular calcification in patients with CKD, and can be modified by n-3 FA supplementation. Saturated FAs, trans-FAs, and FA desaturation/elongation are associated with CVD risk; however, few studies have been conducted on patients with CKD. In summary, blood or erythrocyte membrane FA measurements are important for CVD and CKD risk prediction and management. Further studies are needed to elucidate the FAs for their risk predictions.

scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: do we understand the relationship?

2009 ◽  
pp. S19-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vrablík ◽  
M Prusíková ◽  
M Šnejdrlová ◽  
L Zlatohlávek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice.

Abstract 16116: Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Population and Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Ebner ◽  
Jelani Grant ◽  
Louis Vincent ◽  
Quentin Loyd ◽  
Catherine Boulanger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Comparable Rate ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is limited knowledge about the association between CKD in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and CVD. We sought to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of CVD in PLWH with and without CKD at a large single center in South Florida. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 985 of PLWH from a Special Immunology clinic at a large center in South Florida between 2017-2019 was performed. Data on demographics, clinical, laboratory and diagnostic studies were obtained from electronic health records. Results: The prevalence of CKD in PLWH in our cohort was 11%. The group of CKD was older (58 vs. 51 years p<0.05), with significantly more men (66% vs. 53% p=0.012). The CKD cohort had increased rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease (<0.05 for all). PLWH with CKD had a significantly higher HbA1C level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, statin use, and lower LDL-C (p<0.05 for all). Subjects with HIV and CKD had a higher rate of cardiac catheterization (7.2%), with an increased rate of obstructive CAD (6.3%), when compared to PLWH without CKD (1.3% and 0.7%, respectively, p<0.05 for both). The rate of diastolic dysfunction was significantly higher in PLWH with CKD than those without CKD (p=0.004), although, no difference in ejection fraction (p=0.079) was noted. We found a significantly lower average CD4 count in individuals with HIV and CKD compared to those without CKD (483 ± 297 cells/mm 3 vs. 570 ± 342 cells/mm 3 , p=0.006). No significant difference was noted between groups in mean viral load, proportion with undetectable viral load, and use of antiretroviral medications. Prevalence of chronic hepatitis infection (B and/or C) was also higher in the CKD cohort (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we found a comparable rate of CKD compared to age-matched patients from the general population. We found higher rates of traditional CVD risk factors and disease in the CKD cohort, without significant difference in HIV-related factors. This supports the importance of CVD risk factor optimization in this population.

scholarly journals Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Marianne Molin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction in Women: Is There a Role for Novel Biomarkers?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina P Paynter ◽  
Brendan M Everett ◽  
Nancy R Cook
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Abstract BACKGROUND Risk prediction is an integral part of the current US guidelines for cardiovascular disease in women. Although current risk prediction algorithms exist to identify women at increased 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), clinicians and researchers have been interested in developing novel biomarkers that might improve predictive accuracy further. These biomarkers have led to important insights into the pathophysiology of CVD, but results for their ability to improve prediction or guide preventive therapy have been mixed. The incidence of CVD is lower in women than men, and the effects of a number of traditional biomarkers on CVD risk differ in women compared to men. Both of these factors influence the ability to accurately predict CVD risk. CONTENT We review the distinctive aspects of CVD risk prediction in women, discuss the statistical challenges to improved risk prediction, and discuss a number of biomarkers in varying stages of development with a range of performance in prediction. SUMMARY A variety of biomarkers from different pathophysiologic pathways have been evaluated for improving CVD risk. While many have been incompletely studied or have not been shown to improve risk prediction in women, others, such as high-sensitivity troponin T, have shown promise in improving risk prediction. Increasing inclusion of women in CVD studies will be crucial to providing opportunities to evaluate future biomarkers.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. e0192895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert W. Major ◽  
Mark R. I. Cheng ◽  
Robert A. Grant ◽  
Saran Shantikumar ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
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