scholarly journals Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease risk: do we understand the relationship?

2009 ◽  
pp. S19-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vrablík ◽  
M Prusíková ◽  
M Šnejdrlová ◽  
L Zlatohlávek
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

There is a large body of evidence documenting the effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the first double bond at the third position from methyl-terminal (so called omega-3 fatty acids (FAs)) on different components of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, it may seem the more answers on the topic we learn, the more questions remain to be elucidated. There are three levels of evidence documenting the impact of fish omega-3 FAs on CVD risk. Epidemiological data have shown unequivocally the increased intake of fish is associated with lower CVD morbidity and mortality. Numerous experimental studies have shown (almost always) positive effects of omega-3 FAs on lipoprotein metabolism, coagulation and platelet function, endothelial function, arterial stiffness etc. Most importantly, there are a few prospective clinical endpoint trials (DART, JELIS, GISSI Prevenzione and GISSI-HF) that have examined the impact of omega-3 FAs supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes in different patient populations. Recent meta-analyses of these and other clinical studies have yielded somewhat conflicting results. In this review we will summarize current evidence of omega-3 FAs effects on cardiovascular risk focusing on new data from recent clinical trials as well as possible practical implications for clinical practice.

scholarly journals Nutrients in Fish and Possible Associations with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Marianne Molin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NSDs) are responsible for two-thirds of all deaths globally, whereas cardiovascular disease (CVD) alone counts for nearly half of them. To reduce the impact of CVD, targeting modifiable risk factors comprised in metabolic syndrome (e.g., waist circumference, lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose) is of great importance. Beneficial effects of fish consumption on CVD has been revealed over the past decades, and some studies suggest that fish consumption may have a protective role in preventing metabolic syndrome. Fish contains a variety of nutrients that may contribute to health benefits. This review examines current recommendations for fish intake as a source of various nutrients (proteins, n-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine, selenium, and taurine), and their effects on metabolic syndrome and the CVD risk factors. Fatty fish is recommended due to its high levels of n-3 fatty acids, however lean fish also contains nutrients that may be beneficial in the prevention of CVD.

Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk: A systematic review

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan M. Balk ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Mei Chung ◽  
Bruce Kupelnick ◽  
Priscilla Chew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Impact of Blood or Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acids for Disease Risk Prediction: Focusing on Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oh Kim ◽  
Su Lee ◽  
Won An
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Fatty acids (FAs) are essential nutrients and main constituents of cell membranes that are involved in the signaling pathway and associated with health conditions. We investigated if blood or erythrocyte membrane FAs can predict the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and related complications. Omega-3 (n-3) FAs are important predictors for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, CVD, and CKD risks, and the n-3 index is also a good biomarker for sudden cardiac death in coronary artery disease. Linoleic acid, which is one of the major n-6 FAs reflecting recent dietary FA intake, may predict CVD risk and mortality in the general population and patients with CKD. Monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) are also related to diabetes or diabetic nephropathy. Oleic acid, a major MUFA, is an emerging marker that is related to acute coronary syndrome, low glomerular filtration rate, and vascular calcification in patients with CKD, and can be modified by n-3 FA supplementation. Saturated FAs, trans-FAs, and FA desaturation/elongation are associated with CVD risk; however, few studies have been conducted on patients with CKD. In summary, blood or erythrocyte membrane FA measurements are important for CVD and CKD risk prediction and management. Further studies are needed to elucidate the FAs for their risk predictions.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review for Pharmacists

2021 ◽  
pp. 107424842110237
Author(s):  
Dhiren Patel ◽  
Robert Busch
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Icosapent Ethyl ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While use of statin therapy has improved management of lipids, an unmet need in reducing residual atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and ischemic events persists. We provide an overview of the pharmacology of omega-3 fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, landmark clinical data and pharmacology of icosapent ethyl (a stable and highly purified ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid), and the critical differences between fish oil supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids. Method: A PubMed literature review was conducted in April 2020 to identify articles discussing omega-3 fatty acid cardiovascular outcomes trials, pharmacology of icosapent ethyl, and the evaluation of fish oil dietary supplements and prescription omega-3 fatty acids. Results: Both eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have been widely associated with positive health benefits; however, data are inconsistent regarding the benefit of combination eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid, and specifically icosapent ethyl, has demonstrated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction among statin-treated patients. Important clinical differences exist between dietary supplement and prescription omega-3 fatty acid products. Conclusions: As research regarding the optimal management of dyslipidemia continues, additional therapy beyond statins is necessary to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. In large cardiovascular outcomes trials, eicosapentaenoic acid has demonstrated cardiovascular benefit. Icosapent ethyl possesses a favorable efficacy and safety profile and should be considered as an adjunct to statin therapy to reduce ischemic event risk.

The Impact of Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Atherosclerosis and Arterial Stiffness: An Overview of their Actions

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 1865-1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexios Verveniotis ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Vasiliki Tsigkou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Background: Fatty acids are common dietary nutrients particularly in economically developed countries. Research has revealed that omega-3fatty acids exert beneficial effects in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid possess a number of biological actions which improve cardio-metabolic health. Omega-3 fatty acids display remarkable anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-arrhythmogenic actions. Furthermore, they improve the levels of triglycerides, glucose metabolism and endothelial function. Methods: The aim of this review article is to present physical, biochemical and biological properties of omega-3 fatty acids and summarize the most important mechanisms of action on arterial wall properties and arterial stiffness in atherosclerosis. Results: Omega-3 fatty acids may prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness can be regulated by the supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids. Conclusion: The mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular health and arterial stiffening have been established. However, further research is needed in order to translate the conflicting results among the studies and improve the therapeutic options of cardiovascular disease.

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