scholarly journals Hairless Canaryseed: A Novel Cereal with Health Promoting Potential

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Mason ◽  
Lamia L’Hocine ◽  
Allaoua Achouri ◽  
Salwa Karboune
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Silica Fibers ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Immense Potential

Glabrous canaryseeds were recently approved for human consumption as a novel cereal grain in Canada and the United States. Previously, canaryseeds were exclusively used as birdseed due to the presence of carcinogenic silica fibers; therefore the nutritional value of the seeds has been seriously overlooked. Two cultivars of glabrous canaryseeds (yellow and brown) were created from the hairy varieties. They are high in protein compared to other cereal grains, and contain high amounts of tryptophan, an amino acid normally lacking in cereals, and are gluten-free. Bioactive peptides of canaryseeds produced by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activity. The seeds contain other constituents with health promoting effects, including unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and phytochemicals. Anti-nutritional components in the seeds are comparable to other cereal grains. Because of their beneficial health effects, canaryseeds should be regarded as a healthy food and have immense potential as a functional food and ingredient. Further research is required to determine additional bioactive peptide activity and capacity, as well as differences between the yellow and brown cultivars.

scholarly journals Trichothecenes in Cereal Grains – An Update

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora A. Foroud ◽  
Danica Baines ◽  
Tatiana Y. Gagkaeva ◽  
Nehal Thakor ◽  
Ana Badea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Host Tissues

Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid mycotoxins produced by fungi from the order Hypocreales, including members of the Fusarium genus that infect cereal grain crops. Different trichothecene-producing Fusarium species and strains have different trichothecene chemotypes belonging to the Type A and B class. These fungi cause a disease of small grain cereals, called Fusarium head blight, and their toxins contaminate host tissues. As potent inhibitors of eukaryotic protein synthesis, trichothecenes pose a health risk to human and animal consumers of infected cereal grains. In 2009, Foroud and Eudes published a review of trichothecenes in cereal grains for human consumption. As an update to this review, the work herein provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary review of the Fusarium trichothecenes covering topics in chemistry and biochemistry, pathogen biology, trichothecene toxicity, molecular mechanisms of resistance or detoxification, genetics of resistance and breeding strategies to reduce their contamination of wheat and barley.

scholarly journals In vitro ruminal degradability of cereal grain starch

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tománková ◽  
P. Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grain Starch ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Ground Wheat ◽  
Feed Samples

An in vitro method was used to determine ruminal degradability of starch (IVRDS) in a set of cereal grains. The set included 9 feed samples, including 2 samples of ground wheat, 2 samples of wheat treated with sodium hydroxide, ground barley, barley treated with sodium hydroxide, 2 samples of ground oats and ground maize. Ruminal degradability of starch was assayed by the feed fermentation for 2, 4, 6, 16 and 24 hours. A significant difference in starch degradability was found between treated and untreated ground samples after 2-hour fermentation (13.73 ± 3.12 vs. 32.77 ± 8.17; P < 0.001), 4-hour fermentation (33.44 ± 7.31 vs. 60.30 ± 16.71; P < 0.001) and 6-hour fermentation (42.63 ± 7.13 vs. 74.20 ± 6.38; P < 0.001). On the basis of the rate of ruminal degradability of starch the order of cereal grains was as follows (from the highest to the lowest value): ground oats, ground wheat, ground barley, ground maize, wheat and barley treated with sodium hydroxide.

scholarly journals Comparing the Effectiveness of Three Different Biorefinery Processes at Recovering Bioactive Products from Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Byproduct

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156-2171
Author(s):  
Leonardo Setti ◽  
Seyedeh Parya Samaei ◽  
Irene Maggiore ◽  
Lorenzo Nissen ◽  
Andrea Gianotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
External Part ◽  
Value Added Products

AbstractHemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds are considered a nutritional powerhouse, rich in proteins and unsaturated fatty acids. The market for hemp seed food products is growing, due to the loosening of constraints in industrial cultivation. During the food processing chain, the external part of the seed is discarded, although it contains a significant amount of proteins. Converting this material into value-added products with a biorefinery approach could meet the ever-increasing need for sustainable protein sources while reducing food waste. In this study, creating value from hemp byproducts was pursued with three different approaches: (i) chemical extraction followed by enzymatic digestion, (ii) liquid fermentation by strains of Lactobacillus spp., and (iii) solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus. The resulting products exhibited a range of in vitro antioxidant and antihypertensive activity, depending on the proteases used for enzymatic digestion, the bacterial strain, and the length of time of the two fermentation processes. These byproducts could be exploited as functional ingredients in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries; the suggested biorefinery processes thus represent potential solutions for the development of other protein-containing byproducts or wastes.

scholarly journals Folic Acid Fortification and Neural Tube Defect Risk: Analysis of the Food Fortification Initiative Dataset

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela E. Murphy ◽  
Cara J. Westmark
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
National Level ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
Cereal Grain

The United States implemented mandatory fortification of cereal grains with folic acid in 1998 to prevent neural tube defects (NTDs) during pregnancy. The health benefits of folate (vitamin B9) are well documented; however, there are potential risks of exceeding the upper tolerable limit, particularly in vulnerable populations. We conducted a population-based analysis of the Food Fortification Initiative dataset to determine the strength of the evidence regarding reports of decreased NTDs at the national level in response to mandatory folic acid fortification of cereal grains. We found a very weak correlation between NTD prevalence and the level of folic acid fortification, irrespective of the cereal grain fortified (wheat, maize or rice). Stratification of the data based on socioeconomic status (SES) indicated a strong linear relationship between reduced NTDs and better SES. We conclude that national fortification with folic acid is not associated with a significant decrease in the prevalence of NTDs at the population level.

Effects of cereal grains on fibre digestion in vitro

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Opatpatanakit ◽  
RC Kellaway ◽  
IJ Lean ◽  
G Annison ◽  
A Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cereal Grain

Cereal grains including wheat, barley, oats, maize and sorghum were incubated with strained rumen fluid in vitro with either ryegrass or lucerne in the ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 at 3g�C for 24 h. Expected NDF digestibilities in mixtures of cereal grain and forage were calculated by interpolation between NDF digestibilities of each grain and of each forage. These were compared with measured NDF digestibilities to detect deviations due to synergism or inhibition. Wheat, barley and maize had inhibitory effects, whereas oats and sorghum had synergistic effects, on NDF digestibility with both forages.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Arachidonic Acid against Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 3383-3389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashika El Ridi ◽  
Marwa Aboueldahab ◽  
Hatem Tallima ◽  
Mohamed Salah ◽  
Noha Mahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
The United States

ABSTRACT The development of arachidonic acid (ARA) for treatment of schistosomiasis is an entirely novel approach based on a breakthrough discovery in schistosome biology revealing that activation of parasite tegument-bound neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) by unsaturated fatty acids, such as ARA, induces exposure of parasite surface membrane antigens to antibody binding and eventual attrition of developing schistosomula and adult worms. Here, we demonstrate that 5 mM ARA leads to irreversible killing of ex vivo 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-week-old Schistosoma mansoni and 9-, 10-, and 12-week-old Schistosoma haematobium worms within 3 to 4 h, depending on the parasite age, even when the worms were maintained in up to 50% fetal calf serum. ARA-mediated worm attrition was prevented by nSMase inhibitors, such as CaCl2 and GW4869. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that ARA-mediated worm killing was associated with spine destruction, membrane blebbing, and disorganization of the apical membrane structure. ARA-mediated S. mansoni and S. haematobium worm attrition was reproduced in vivo in a series of 6 independent experiments using BALB/c or C57BL/6 mice, indicating that ARA in a pure form (Sigma) or included in infant formula (Nestle) consistently led to 40 to 80% decrease in the total worm burden. Arachidonic acid is already marketed for human use in the United States and Canada for proper development of newborns and muscle growth of athletes; thus, ARA has potential as a safe and cost-effective addition to antischistosomal therapy.

An in vitro Study of Constituents Released From Smokeless Tobacco Products Into Human Saliva

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Guan ◽  
Lowell Bush ◽  
Huihua Ji
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Moist Snuff

ABSTRACT Smokeless tobacco (ST) products are used worldwide, and consumption is increasing in the United States. Although ST products are considered to occupy a different position on the tobacco product continuum of risk compared to combusted tobacco products, they can still lead to health problems, including cancer, dental problems, and changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Therefore, the determination of harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) released from ST products into human saliva is important. Four certified reference ST products were tested in this study: loose leaf chewing tobacco (3S1), Swedish-style snus (1S4), snus (1S5), and moist snuff (3S3). These certified reference ST products are manufactured for research purposes, not for human consumption. The reference ST products were used in this study because they have been well characterized and are intended and designed to represent commercial ST products. The reference ST products were incubated in human saliva at 37 °C with a range of incubation times for the evaluation of constituents released from these products into human saliva. In this study, alkaloids (nicotine and cotinine), tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) (NNN and NNK), and benzo[α]pyrene (B[α]P) in the reference ST products and saliva samples were determined by GC-MS, GC-FID, or UPLC-MS-MS. Our results indicate that the amounts of each constituent released from the reference ST products were altered by the tobacco cut size and product format (pouched or unpouched). The constituents (TSNAs and alkaloids) in moist snuff and loose leaf chewing tobacco were released faster compared to those in Swedish-style snus and snus. B[α]P was only detected in reference moist snuff samples, and only 3.4% of the total B[α]P was released into human saliva after incubation for 60 min, whereas higher percentages of total TSNAs and alkaloids were released at different rates from the four reference ST products.

scholarly journals Health Promoting Bioactive Properties of Novel Hairless Canary Seed Flour after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Emily Mason ◽  
Lamia L’Hocine ◽  
Allaoua Achouri ◽  
Mélanie Pitre ◽  
Salwa Karboune
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ace Inhibition ◽  
Antihypertensive Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Molecular Weight Cutoff ◽  
Health Promoting

The bioactive properties and health-promoting effects of two novel yellow (C09052, C05041) and two brown (Calvi, Bastia) hairless canary seed (Phalaris canariensis L.) cultivars were investigated in comparison to two common cereal grains (wheat and oat). The cereal flours were digested using the standardized INFOGEST in vitro human gastrointestinal digestion model. The three-kilo dalton molecular weight cutoff (3 kDa MWCO) permeate of the generated digestates was assessed in vitro for their antioxidant, chelating, antihypertensive and antidiabetic activities. The results showed no significant differences in studied bioactivities between yellow and brown canary seed cultivars, except for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and chelating Fe2+ assays, where brown cultivars had higher activities. Canary seeds had superior or equivalent antioxidant activity than those from oat and wheat. The anti-hypertensive activity (Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition) in yellow canary seed cultivars was significantly higher than that of oat and wheat, particularly for C09052 and Calvi varieties. Peptides exhibiting the highest antihypertensive activity from the permeate of the C09052 canary seed variety were further fractionated and identified by mass spectrometry. Forty-six peptides were identified belonging to 18 proteins from the Pooideae subfamily. Fourteen of the parent proteins were homologous to barley proteins. Peptides were analyzed in silico to determine potential bioactivity based on their amino acid composition. All 46 peptides had potential anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic activities and 20 had potential antioxidant activity, thereby validating the in vitro assay data. Canary seed peptides also exhibited potential antiamnestic, antithrombotic, immunostimulating, opioid and neuro-activity, demonstrating important potential for health promoting effects, particularly against cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Allium ursinum and Their Associated Microbiota During Simulated in vitro Digestion in the Presence of Food Matrix

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemanja Stanisavljević ◽  
Svetlana Soković Bajić ◽  
Živko Jovanović ◽  
Ivana Matić ◽  
Maja Tolinački ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Allium Ursinum ◽  
Health Promoting

In this study, for the first time, the comprehensive analysis of antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of ramson, followed by the analysis of its associated microbiota and health-promoting effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), was performed. Ramson (Allium ursinum) is recognized as a medicinal plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In this study the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the cytotoxic activity of A. ursinum extracts against human malignant cell lines was demonstrated. Seven sulfur compounds, the degradation products of thiosulfinates, including diallyl disulfide were shown to inhibit proliferation of malignant cells by inducing accumulation within G2/M phase as well as to induce apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and mitochondrial signaling pathway. Further, the A. ursinum microbiota, particularly LAB with potential probiotic effects, was analyzed by culture-dependent method and culture-independent method [denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE)]. The obtained results revealed that the most abundant genera were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus. The Lactobacillus genus was mainly represented by L. fermentum. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis revealed the presence of two PFGE pulsotypes. The probiotic potential of the strain L. fermentum BGSR163 belonging to PFGE pulsotype 1 and the strain L. fermentum BGSR227 belonging to the PFGE pulsotype 2 was characterized. The results revealed that both strains are safe for human use, successfully survive the simulated gastrointestinal conditions, have potential to transiently colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and have a protective immunomodulatory effect, inducing the production of proinflammatory cytokine IL17 and regulatory cytokine IL10, while decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that consumption of A. ursinum might have health-promoting properties, including anticancer effects, while L. fermentum strains isolated from A. ursinum leaves could be used as probiotics for human consumption.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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