scholarly journals Uric Acid and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi ◽  
Beatrice Prati ◽  
Antonio Nouvenne ◽  
Tiziana Meschi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Older Individuals

Hyperuricemia has been recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in epidemiological studies. However, uric acid can also exert beneficial functions due to its antioxidant properties, which may be particularly relevant in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we critically revise the evidence on the relationship between serum uric acid levels and cognitive function in older individuals, focusing on the etiology of cognitive impairment (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s dementia, and vascular dementia) and on the interactive connections between uric acid, dementia, and diet. Despite high heterogeneity in the existing studies, due to different characteristics of studied populations and methods of cognitive dysfunction assessment, we conclude that serum uric acid may modulate cognitive function in a different way according to the etiology of dementia. Current studies indeed demonstrate that uric acid may exert neuroprotective actions in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s dementia, with hypouricemia representing a risk factor for a quicker disease progression and a possible marker of malnutrition. Conversely, high serum uric acid may negatively influence the disease course in vascular dementia. Further studies are needed to clarify the physio-pathological role of uric acid in different dementia types, and its clinical-prognostic significance.

scholarly journals The Influence of Serum Uric Acid Level on Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Qiao ◽  
Chongli Chen ◽  
Yuqing Liang ◽  
Yuxi Luo ◽  
Wenbin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Serum Uric Acid Level ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Special Cases

As a powerful antioxidant in the human body, uric acid (UA) has been the subject of increasing research that focused on its influence on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in recent years. The latest literature was gathered to describe the influence of serum uric acid (SUA) level on the onset and progression of AD and to analyze the possibility that SUA is a biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease. A large number of existing studies suggested that the SUA level was lower or tended to decrease in patients with AD, and increased SUA level may have a protective effect in AD, which could reduce the risk of onset and slowing the course of the disease. However, some Mendelian randomization analyses suggested that genetically determined uric acid was not associated with AD risk. Existing research results are contradictory due to the high inconsistency of the studies, the selection of subjects, and other factors. UA also showed a strong association with cognitive function, and there appeared to be a gender-selective neuroprotective action. Due to its potent antioxidant properties, the low uric acid level may contribute to oxidative stress to accelerate disease progression. But some preclinical data showed a possibility that in some special cases, UA had a prooxidant properties. The possibility was raised in the discussion of the underlying mechanism that both the low uric acid level and the rapidly progressive course of the disease were the consequence of malnutrition. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of SUA and AD which offers the possibility of new biomarker, new prevention, and treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia – ERRATUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Eva Becker ◽  
Claudia Lorena Orellana Rios ◽  
Claas Lahmann ◽  
Gerta Rücker ◽  
Joachim Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia

scholarly journals Anxiety as a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (5) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Becker ◽  
Claudia Lorena Orellana Rios ◽  
Claas Lahmann ◽  
Gerta Rücker ◽  
Joachim Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Functional Relation ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prognostic Effect

BackgroundThe aetiology of dementia is not yet fully understood. Stress can have a damaging effect on brain health. The prognostic effect of anxiety is still unclear regarding Alzheimer's disease as well as vascular dementia.AimsTo explore the association between anxiety and future dementia.MethodMedline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science and ALOIS were searched for publications up to 12 January 2018. Longitudinal studies with a follow-up of at least 2 years were included, if the trait or state anxiety had been assessed at baseline. Studies with cognitive impairment at baseline were not included. We used a random effects model to calculate the pooled time to Alzheimer's disease and incidence of vascular dementia.ResultsAnxiety predicts risk of Alzheimer's disease (n = 26 193 out of seven studies, hazard ratio1.53, 95% CI 1.16–2.01, P < 0.01) and vascular dementia (n = 4916 out of two studies, odds ratio1.88, 95% CI 1.05–3.36, P < 0.01). The pooled hazard ratio regarding risk of Alzheimer's disease was still significant when excluding studies with critical risk of bias (n = 14 110 out of six studies, hazard ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.08–1.70, P < 0.01).ConclusionsAnxiety is a risk factor for both types of dementia. The temporal and functional relation between anxiety and dementia needs investigation in future studies. The protective value of treating anxiety should be explored further.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Role of neuropsychological assessment in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Maria Lima Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessment ◽  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Neuropsychological Assessments

Abstract The prevalence of dementia increases significantly from the age of 65 years, doubling every five years thereafter. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) constitute the two main dementia types. Differentiating them encompasses anamnesis, neurological examination, laboratory and neuroimaging exams and neuropsychological assessment. Neuropsychological assessment produces different findings for each dementia type, and reveals those areas most impaired as well as those most preserved. The aim of the present article was to describe the role of neuropsychology in diagnosing dementia and achieving a differential diagnosis between AD and VaD. A general overview follows of the most widely known instruments used to assess cognitive function in dementia, and the cognitive changes seen in AD and VaD. The conclusion drawn was that there is significant overlap in cognitive changes between both these dementia types, while each type has its own specific characteristics which are identifiable and quantifiable on neuropsychological assessments and provide the basis for reaching a differential diagnosis.

Diabetes Mellitus Is a Risk Factor for Vascular Dementia, but Not for Alzheimer's Disease: A Population-Based Study of the Oldest Old

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Hassing ◽  
Boo Johansson ◽  
Sven E. Nilsson ◽  
Stig Berg ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diabetes Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine if Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for dementia in very old age, specifically for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: We evaluated the risk of dementia in relation to Type 2 diabetes using a population-based sample of 702 individuals aged 80 years and older (mean age 83 years). A total of 187 persons received a dementia diagnosis. Thirty-one individuals had a diabetes diagnosis prior to onset of the dementia. Results: Cox proportional hazard analyses, adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking habits, and circulatory diseases, indicated an elevated risk to develop VaD (relative risk = 2.54, 95% confidence interval 1.35–4.78) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. No association was found between diabetes and AD. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes is selectively related to the different subtypes of dementia. There is no increased risk of AD but more than a twofold risk of VaD in persons with diabetes.

The effects of caloric restriction and its mimetics in Alzheimer's disease through autophagy pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Lihui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Amyloid Burden ◽  
Tau Pathology

AD is a neurodegenerative disease that commonly occurs among older individuals. Caloric restriction and its mimetics have been shown to alleviate amyloid burden, tau pathology, and improve cognitive function of rodent models of AD by activating autophagy.

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