scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Dietary Protein and Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Metabolism and Inflammation in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chieh Mu ◽  
Erin VanHoosier ◽  
Carrie Elks ◽  
Ryan Grant
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Branched Chain

Aging is the main factor involved in the onset of degenerative diseases. Dietary protein restriction has been shown to increase the lifespan of rodents and improve metabolic phenotype. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) can act as nutrient signals that increase the lifespan of mice after prolonged supplementation. It remains unclear whether the combination of protein restriction and BCAA supplementation improves metabolic and immunological profiles during aging. Here, we investigated how dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation impact metabolism and immune profile during a 12-month intervention in adult male C57BL/6J mice. We found that protein restriction improved insulin tolerance and increased hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 mRNA, circulating interleukin (IL)-5 concentration, and thermogenic uncoupling protein 1 in subcutaneous white fat. Surprisingly, BCAA supplementation conditionally increased body weight, lean mass, and fat mass, and deteriorated insulin intolerance during protein restriction, but not during protein sufficiency. BCAA also induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in visceral adipose tissue under both normal and low protein conditions. These results suggest that dietary protein levels and BCAA supplementation coordinate a complex regulation of metabolism and tissue inflammation during prolonged feeding.

scholarly journals The Role of Reduced Methionine in Mediating the Metabolic Responses to Protein Restriction Using Different Sources of Protein

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2609
Author(s):  
Han Fang ◽  
Kirsten P. Stone ◽  
Sujoy Ghosh ◽  
Laura A. Forney ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Dietary protein restriction and dietary methionine restriction (MR) produce a comparable series of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses. Both dietary regimens produce a similar reduction in intake of sulfur amino acids (e.g., methionine and cystine), and both diets increase expression and release of hepatic FGF21. Given that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by both diets, an important unresolved question is whether dietary protein restriction represents de facto methionine restriction. Using diets formulated from either casein or soy protein with matched reductions in sulfur amino acids, we compared the ability of the respective diets to recapitulate the metabolic phenotype produced by methionine restriction using elemental diets. Although the soy-based control diets supported faster growth compared to casein-based control diets, casein-based protein restriction and soy-based protein restriction produced comparable reductions in body weight and fat deposition, and similar increases in energy intake, energy expenditure, and water intake. In addition, the prototypical effects of dietary MR on hepatic and adipose tissue target genes were similarly regulated by casein- and soy-based protein restriction. The present findings support the feasibility of using restricted intake of diets from various protein sources to produce therapeutically effective implementation of dietary methionine restriction.

scholarly journals Repletion of branched chain amino acids reverses mTORC1 signaling but not improved metabolism during dietary protein dilution

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Maida ◽  
Jessica S.K. Chan ◽  
Kim A. Sjøberg ◽  
Annika Zota ◽  
Dieter Schmoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain

Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Faridi ◽  
A. Golian ◽  
A. Heravi Mousavi ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Branched Chain

Faridi, A., Golian, A., Heravi Mousavi, A. and France, J. 2014. Bootstrapped neural network models for analyzing the responses of broiler chicks to dietary protein and branched chain amino acids. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 79–85. Reliable prediction of avian responses to dietary nutrients is essential for planning, management, and optimization activities in poultry nutrition. In this study, two bootstrapped neural network (BNN) models, each containing 100 separated neural networks (SNN), were developed for predicting average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) of broiler chicks in response to intake of protein and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in the starter period. Using a re-sampling method, 100 different batches of data were generated for both the ADG and FE sets. Starting with 270 data lines extracted from eight studies in the literature, SNN models were trained, tested, and validated with 136, 67, and 67 data lines, respectively. All 200 SNN models developed, along with their respective BNN ones, were subjected to optimization (to find the optimum dietary protein and BCAA levels that maximize ADG and FE). Statistical analysis indicated that based on R 2, the BNN models were more accurate in 76 and 56 cases (out of 100) compared with the SNN models developed for ADG and FE, respectively. Optimization of the BNN models showed protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine requirements for maximum ADG were 231.80, 9.05, 14.03 and 10.90 g kg−1 of diet, respectively. Also, maximum FE was obtained when the diet contained 232.30, 9.07, 14.50, and 11.04 g kg−1 of protein, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, respectively. The results of this study suggest that in meta-analytic modelling, bootstrap re-sampling algorithms should be used to better analyze available data and thereby take full advantage of them. This issue is of importance in the animal sciences as producing reliable data is both expensive and time-consuming.

scholarly journals Male castration alters the gut microbiota, leading to increased serum levels of branched-chain amino acids and adiposity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Woong Whon ◽  
Hyun Sik Kim ◽  
Na-Ri Shin ◽  
Eun Sung Jung ◽  
Euon Jung Tak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background: Testosterone deficiency is positively correlated with fat accumulation and obesity-related comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome. Castration of young males is widely used in the cattle industry to improve meat quality. However, the mechanism linking hypogonadism and host metabolism is not clear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of male hypogonadism on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites, and the contribution of the altered microbiota to the host metabolic phenotype during hypogonadism. Results: We used metataxonomic and metabolomic approaches to evaluate the intestinal microbiota and host metabolism in male, castrated male (CtM), and female cattle. We then used a male mouse castration model to evaluate the causative factor(s) that underpin the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and host metabolic phenotype in response to hypogonadism. After pubescence, the CtM cattle harbored distinct ileal microbiota dominated by the family Peptostreptococcaceae, and exhibited distinct serum and muscle amino acid profiles (i.e., highly abundant branched-chain amino acids), with increased extra- and intramuscular fat storage. Castration of male mice phenocopied both the intestinal microbial alterations and obese-prone metabolism observed in cattle. Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments in a mouse model further revealed that the intestinal microbial alterations associated with hypogonadism are a key contributor to the obese phenotype in the CtM animals. Conclusions: We demonstrated altered gut microbial profiles in the hypogonadal animals, with a negative feedback between the serum testosterone levels and the ileal abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae, and a distinct metabolic phenotype, with an enhanced amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest targeting the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of both hypogonadism and obesity.

Branched-chain amino acids reduce hindlimb suspension-induced muscle atrophy and protein levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 676-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Maki ◽  
Daisuke Yamamoto ◽  
Shiho Nakanishi ◽  
Keiji Iida ◽  
Genzo Iguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Male castration alters the gut microbiota, leading to increased serum levels of branched-chain amino acids and adiposity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Woong Whon ◽  
Hyun Sik Kim ◽  
Na-Ri Shin ◽  
Eun Sung Jung ◽  
Euon Jung Tak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Male Hypogonadism ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background : Testosterone deficiency is positively correlated with fat accumulation and obesity-related comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome. Castration of young males is widely used in the cattle industry to improve meat quality. However, the mechanism linking hypogonadism and host metabolism is not clear. We aimed to evaluate the effect of male hypogonadism on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites, and the contribution of the altered microbiota to the host metabolic phenotype during hypogonadism.Results : We used metataxonomic and metabolomic approaches to evaluate the intestinal microbiota and host metabolism in male, castrated male (CtM), and female cattle. We then used a male mouse castration model to evaluate the causative factor(s) that underpin the alteration of the intestinal microbiota and host metabolic phenotype in response to hypogonadism. After pubescence, the CtM cattle harbored distinct ileal microbiota dominated by the family Peptostreptococcaceae , and exhibited distinct serum and muscle amino acid profiles (i.e., highly abundant branched-chain amino acids), with increased extra- and intramuscular fat storage. Castration of male mice phenocopied both the intestinal microbial alterations and obese-prone metabolism observed in cattle. Antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments in a mouse model further revealed that the intestinal microbial alterations associated with hypogonadism are a key contributor to the obese phenotype in the CtM animals.Conclusions : We demonstrated altered gut microbial profiles in the hypogonadal animals, with a negative feedback between the serum testosterone levels and the ileal abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae , and a distinct metabolic phenotype, with an enhanced amino acid metabolism. These findings suggest targeting the gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of both hypogonadism and obesity.

Branched-chain amino acids augment neither albuminuria nor albumin synthesis in nephrotic rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. F177-F184
Author(s):  
George A. Kaysen ◽  
Hamoudi Al-Bander ◽  
Victor I. Martin ◽  
Hardin Jones ◽  
Florence N. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Heymann Nephritis ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Branched Chain

Both albuminuria (UalbV) and albumin synthesis (AlbSyn) are modulated by dietary protein in nephrotic rats, but the agent(s) linking diet to altered UalbV and AlbSyn is unknown. Others have reported that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) cause neither increased renal blood flow nor glomerular filtration rate (GFR) normally induced by dietary protein nor increased blood glucagon thought to be necessary for protein-mediated effects on renal hemodynamics. The effect of BCAA on UalbV is unknown. Because BCAA increase AlbSyn in tissue culture and after a fast, it is possible that feeding BCAA may increase AlbSyn but not UalbV in nephrosis. Nephrotic rats were fed either 8.5% casein (LP); 21% casein (NP); 8.5% casein supplemented with valine, leucine, and isoleucine to the total amount provided by a 21% casein diet (2.37%) (LBC); or 8.5% casein plus 12.5% BCAA providing a diet isonitrogenous to 21% casein (HBC). UalbV and AlbSyn were significantly greater in NP compared with LP, LBC, or HBC and were the same in the latter three groups. Glucagon was infused into nephrotic rats fed 8.5% casein either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally in quantities sufficient to increase plasma levels to over 10 times control but had no effect on UalbV. The ability of dietary protein to increase AlbSyn or UalbV is not a result of total -amino nitrogen intake but is a result of the specific amino acid composition of the diet and must result entirely from the effect of one or more non-BCAA. Increased blood glucagon alone has no effect on UalbV. permselectivity; nephrotic syndrome; proteinuria; glucagon; corticosterone; Heymann nephritis Submitted on June 26, 1990 Accepted on October 3, 1990

Abstract 019: Modifiable Lifestyle Factors And Plasma Branched Chain Amino Acids: An Analysis Of N=19,472 US Women

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikuta Hamaya ◽  
Samia Mora ◽  
Patrick R Lawler ◽  
Nancy R Cook ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

Background: Circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with insulin resistance and higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, despite their potential as a target for T2D prevention, upstream determinants of plasma BCAAs are largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated modifiable lifestyle factors in relation to plasma BCAAs in the Women’s Health Study. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis among N=19,472 women (mean age=54.9 [SD=7.2] years) free of T2D, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. BCAAs were quantified via NMR spectroscopy and log-transformed among women reporting ≥8 hours of fasting at baseline blood draw. Lifestyle factors were ascertained from self-reported questionnaires at study baseline: body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2 ), smoking, alcohol, physical activity [PA, MET-hrs/wk], and diet (Mediterranean diet pattern score [aMED], alternative Health Eating Index score [aHEI], dietary BCAA intake [g/d], and individual protein sources [servings/d]). We estimated % mean differences in BCAAs (95% CI) for each lifestyle factor categorically (linear regression models) and continuously to calculate R 2 from univariate cubic spline models. Multivariate models were mutually adjusted for the other lifestyle factors and other T2D risk factors. Results: Overall, we observed positive associations between BMI and dietary protein sources with plasma BCAAs, while alcohol and PA were inversely associated with BCAAs in multivariable-adjusted models. Smoking and aMED and aHEI dietary quality scores were not associated with BCAAs. Compared with women with BMI<25.0, BCAAs were 8.2% (7.5, 8.8), 14.6% (13.8, 15.5), and 20.3% (17.8, 22.9) higher for BMI groups 25.0-29.9, 30.0-39.9, and ≥40.0, respectively (p-trend<0.0001). Compared to never drinkers, women with moderate or high alcohol intake had -1.8% (-2.8, -0.9) and -2.7% (-3.9, -1.5) lower BCAA levels. There was a slightly lower (-1.2% [-2.0, -0.4]) BCAA level among highest vs. lowest quartiles of PA (p-trend=0.0002). Women with higher intakes of dietary BCAAs had modest incrementally higher plasma BCAAs (comparing Q5 vs. Q1: 2.9% [2.0, 3.7]; p-trend<0.0001). Similarly, we observed dose-response relationships for higher intakes of major US protein sources (red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products) and higher plasma BCAAs. In continuous models, BMI explained 11.5% of the variability of plasma BCAAs, while the other modifiable factors each explained 0-1.1%. Conclusions: Our analysis in a large cohort of US women confirms prior evidence for a compelling relationship between BMI and plasma BCAAs. We also observed novel associations for dietary protein intake, alcohol, and PA, although the magnitudes of their contribution to BCAAs were small. Future clinical research on interventions to lower BCAAs for T2D prevention should consider body weight as a primary target for modification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document