scholarly journals Physiological Responses of the Copepods Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora carolleeae to Changes in the Nitrogen:Phosphorus Quality of Their Food

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Bentley ◽  
James J. Pierson ◽  
Patricia M. Glibert
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Thalassiosira Pseudonana ◽  
Acartia Tonsa ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
Excretion Rates

Two contrasting estuarine copepods, Acartia tonsa and Eurytemora carolleeae, the former a broadcast spawner and the latter a brood spawner, were fed a constant carbon-based diatom diet, but which had a variable N:P content, and the elemental composition (C, N, P) of tissue and eggs, as well as changes in the rates of grazing, excretion, egg production and viability were measured. To achieve the varied diet, the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was grown in continuous culture at a constant growth rate with varying P supply. Both copepods altered their chemical composition in response to the varied prey, but to different degrees. Grazing (clearance) rates increased for A. tonsa but not for E. carolleeae as prey N:P increased. Variable NH4+ excretion rates were observed between copepod species, while excretion of PO43− declined as prey N:P increased. Egg production by E. carolleeae was highest when eating high N:P prey, while that of A. tonsa showed the opposite pattern. Egg viability by A. tonsa was always greater than that of E. carolleeae. These results suggest that anthropogenically changing nutrient loads may affect the nutritional quality of food for copepods, in turn affecting their elemental stoichiometry and their reproductive success, having implications for food webs.

Efficacy of Live Vaccines and Specific Prevention in Chicken Infectious Bronchitis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Variant Strain

Infectious bronchitis of chickens (IBC) is a highly contagious disease characterized by damage to the respiratory tract. Adult chickens exhibit respiratory symptoms, a 10-50% decrease in egg production, discoloration of the eggshell, deformation of the shell, and a deterioration in the marketability and breeding quality of eggs. The circulation of variant strains in poultry farms of the Russian Federation causes a significant decrease in egg production and the quality of the eggs obtained, causing significant economic damage to industrial poultry farming. The study aimed to presents materials and methods for the industrial and efficient use of live-vaccines against infectious bronchitis of hens from a variant strain. After the use of a live vaccine against infectious bronchitis of chickens from a variant strain, the development, live weight of chickens, and feed conversion during the rearing period were within the standard parameters. in present study, the safety for the growing period with a planned 97.6% was 98.8-98.9%. The uniformity of the herds when transferred to hen - hen was 94-95%. When carrying out immunoprophylaxis of IBS, local immunity is important, which can be ensured using a live spray vaccine - a method starting from the day old. When establishing circulation in the economy of variant strains of IBC virus, it is necessary to introduce vaccination against the variant strain into the scheme of treatment and preventive measures. The research results allow us to conclude that, for the effective prevention of chicken infectious bronchitis, immunization against IBS from variant strains should be introduced into the vaccine prevention scheme.

Effects of adult stocking density on egg production and viability in cultures of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa (Dana)

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per M Jepsen ◽  
Nikolaj Andersen ◽  
Thue Holm ◽  
Anders T Jørgensen ◽  
Jonas K Højgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Acartia Tonsa

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels for semi-heavy laying hens at the second production cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-862
Author(s):  
Fernando Guilherme Perazzo Costa ◽  
Janaine Sena da Costa ◽  
Cláudia de Castro Goulart ◽  
Denise Fontana Figueiredo-Lima ◽  
Raul da Cunha Lima Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was carried out to evaluate the energy levels in the diet to obtain better performance rates and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle. One hundred and eighty Bovans Goldline laying hens with 62 weeks of age were used during four 28-day periods. A completely randomized experimental design was used with four metabolizable energy levels (2,650, 2,725, 2,800, 2,875 and 2,950 kcal/kg), each with six replicates of six birds. The energy level of diet did not affect the weight of the egg, yolk, albumen and eggshell, the percentages of yolk, albumen and eggshell, yolk color and egg specific gravity. Feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs increased significantly with increasing levels of metabolizable energy. Feed intake decreased linearly as the energy level in the diet increased. The metabolizable energy levels showed a quadratic effect on egg production, egg mass and feed conversion per egg mass and per dozen eggs. The metabolizable energy level of 2,830 kcal/kg was the most appropriate to promote better performance and quality of eggs from laying hens in the second production cycle.

scholarly journals Suitable Land-Use and Land-Cover Allocation Scenarios to Minimize Sediment and Nutrient Loads into Kwan Phayao, Upper Ing Watershed, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10430
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Kulsoontornrat ◽  
Suwit Ongsomwang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Nutrient Export ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
S Model

Human activity and land-use changes have affected the water quality of Kwan Phayao, Upper Ing watershed, due to the associated high sediment load and eutrophication. This study aims to identify suitable LULC allocation scenarios for minimizing sediment and nutrient export into the lake. For this purpose, the LULC status and change were first assessed, based on classified LULC data in 2009 and 2019 from Landsat images, using the SVM algorithm. Later, the land requirements of three scenarios between 2020 and 2029 were estimated, based on their characteristics, and applied to predict LULC change using the CLUE-S model. Then, actual LULC data in 2019 and predicted LULC data under three scenarios between 2020 and 2029 were used to estimate sediment and nutrient export using the SDR and NDR models. Finally, the ecosystem service change index identified a suitable LULC allocation for minimizing sediment or/and nutrient export. According to the results, LULC status and change indicated perennial trees and orchards, para rubber, and rangeland increased, while forest land and paddy fields decreased. The land requirements of the three scenarios provided reasonable results, as expected, particularly Scenario II, which adopts linear programming to calculate the land requirements for maximizing ecosystem service values. For sediment and nutrient export estimation under the predicted LULC for the three scenarios, Scenario II led to the lowest yield of sediment and nutrient exports, and provided the lowest average ESCI value among the three scenarios. Thus, the LULC allocation under Scenario II was chosen as suitable for minimizing sediment or/and nutrient export into Kwan Phayao. These results can serve as crucial information to minimize sediment and nutrient loads for land-use planners, land managers, and decision makers.

scholarly journals Effects on egg production and quality of supplementing drinking water with calcium and magnesium

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
X.J. Yi ◽  
A. Rehman ◽  
R.W. Akhtar ◽  
A. Abbas ◽  
K. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Eggshell Colour ◽  
Haugh Unit

This study was conducted to appraise the effects on egg quality and production performance of laying hens when drinking water was supplemented with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). A total of 384 (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown laying hens were assigned at random to four treatments, which consisted of CON: unsupplemented drinking water; T1: drinking water + 2 mg/L Ca + 250 mg/L Mg; T2: drinking water + 4 mg/L Ca + 510 mg/L Mg /10 L; and T3: drinking water + 5 mg/L Ca and 760 mg/L Mg. The experiment lasted six weeks. Water intake increased linearly in week 1 with the rising levels of Ca and Mg in the drinking water. Increasing the Ca and Mg levels improved eggshell strength (week 2 (P =0.01), week 5 (P =0.01), and week 6 (P = 0.03), and eggshell thickness (week 6) (P =0.02) and reduced the rate at which eggs were broken (week 4) (P =0.01). The supplemental Ca and Mg did not affect egg production, egg weight, Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell colour, and yolk colour compared with CON. Nor did they influence the Haugh unit and albumen height after storing for 1, 5, 10 and 15 days. In conclusion, adding Ca and Mg to the drinking water increased the thickness and strength of the eggshells.

scholarly journals Penerapan Disk Mill Pada UMKM Anugerah Produksi Vitamin Unggas di Desa Sekarmojo Kecamatan Purwosari

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Djoko Hari Praswanto ◽  
Soeparno Djiwo ◽  
Mochtar Asroni ◽  
Lalu Mustiadi ◽  
Thomas Priyasmanu
Keyword(s):  
Community Service ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Eggs ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Disk Mill ◽  
Vitamin Production

Poultry vitamins are one of the nutrients needed by breeders. This poultry vitamin serves to accelerate the growth of poultry, maintain the quality of poultry meat, improve the quality of poultry eggs, prolong poultry egg production and accelerate poultry egg production. One of the partners who was worked together with the ITN Malang team is engaged in the field of poultry vitamins production and wants to increase the turnover of poultry vitamin production. All the time, the price of poultry vitamins from factories is considered high enough so that farmers have objections to buying poultry vitamins from the factory. The community service team observed at the quality of poultry vitamins which are produced in the Purwosari area and will transfer technology to apply a disk mill in the production process which will be able to increase the production of poultry vitamins in good prices but with high quality also. In addition, the community service team will improve the packaging by used aluminum foil to avoid moisture and later will be given a logo to facilitate the sales process to breeders. After improved the packaging, it has expected can be freely marketing with the general standardization of poultry vitamins. So that farmers can get cheap and good quality poultry vitamins. From the results of the activities carried out, it was found that a disk mill machine with a capacity of 150 kg / hour. It if the production of 500 kg takes 3 hours with one workers person. So that the partners can save time and production costs. So that the profits obtained now increase 25% from previous profits. Meanwhile the packaging used by the team partners now used aluminum foil so that the product looks more attractive and is able to hold the product dry.

scholarly journals FEEDING FREQUENCY AND DENSITY OF MICROALGAE PASTE (CHLORELLA VULGARIS) IN THE DIET OF DEKALB UNDER BATTERY CAGE SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
Hannah F. Gan ◽  
◽  
Ken N. Falculan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Laying Performance

Poultry products are the major source of animal protein for most people throughout the world and egg production is the major index of performance of commercial layer business and the avenue in the potential increase ofincome from the enterprise which focuses onegg yield, weight of eggs, and increasing their quality production to enhance economic performance.Microalgae is certainly an interesting solution, it aims to increase its value as an animal feed additive in new commercial applications. The experimental research was used in this study to evaluate the laying performance and egg quality of DeKalb under two feeding regimen such as feeding density andfrequency of microalgae paste Chlorella vulgaris under battery type cage system. The experiment was conducted in acompletely randomized designwith a period of 30 days with 81 Dekalb of the same age. The experimental diet used were commercial feeds,microalgae paste and feeding frequencies of 4 times, 3 times and 2 times.Egg characteristics such as total number of eggs, egg weight (g), egg length (mm), egg width (mm) and shape index (%) were computed based on the data from feeding frequency and density. The costs of feeds and price of grown Dekalb and some material used were used in the computation of return on investment. Based on the result, the effect on the external quality of eggs fed under different feeding densities and frequencies on egg production, egg width, egg weight, egg length and shape index resulted to not significantthe null hypothesis was accepted. The internal quality, the effect of different feeding densities on albumen height, albumen weight and yolk width also statistically not significant. Supplementation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris on hen diet can be included as a dietary supplement for laying hens up to 80% of the diet to produce quality eggs.

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