scholarly journals Rapid Water Softening with TEMPO-Oxidized/Phosphorylated Nanopapers

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mautner ◽  
Thawanrat Kobkeatthawin ◽  
Florian Mayer ◽  
Christof Plessl ◽  
Selestina Gorgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Very High

Water hardness not only constitutes a significant hazard for the functionality of water infrastructure but is also associated with health concerns. Commonly, water hardness is tackled with synthetic ion-exchange resins or membranes that have the drawbacks of requiring the awkward disposal of saturated materials and being based on fossil resources. In this work, we present a renewable nanopaper for the purpose of water softening prepared from phosphorylated TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (PT-CNF). Nanopapers were prepared from CNF suspensions in water (PT-CNF nanopapers) or low surface tension organic liquids (ethanol), named EPT-CNF nanopapers, respectively. Nanopaper preparation from ethanol resulted in a significantly increased porosity of the nanopapers enabling much higher permeances: more than 10,000× higher as compared to nanopapers from aqueous suspensions. The adsorption capacity for Ca2+ of nanopapers from aqueous suspensions was 17 mg g−1 and 5 mg g−1 for Mg2+; however, EPT-CNF nanopapers adsorbed more than 90 mg g−1 Ca2+ and almost 70 mg g−1 Mg2+. The higher adsorption capacity was a result of the increased accessibility of functional groups in the bulk of the nanopapers caused by the higher porosity of nanopapers prepared from ethanol. The combination of very high permeance and adsorption capacity constitutes a high overall performance of these nanopapers in water softening applications.

Micro-mechanics of electrostatically stabilized suspensions of cellulose nanofibrils under steady state shear flow

Soft Matter ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Martoïa ◽  
P. J. J. Dumont ◽  
L. Orgéas ◽  
M. N. Belgacem ◽  
J.-L. Putaux
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibril ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions

In this study, we characterized and modeled the rheology of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (NFC) aqueous suspensions with electrostatically stabilized and unflocculated nanofibrous structures.

FTIR ANALYSIS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS WITH APPLICATION IN PERMANENT HARD WATER SOFTENING

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2145-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Lazar ◽  
Laura Bulgariu ◽  
Bogdan Bandrabur ◽  
Ramona-Elena Tataru-Farmus ◽  
Mioara Drobota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Exchange Resins

Fast Proton Conductors from Inorganic-Organic Composites: I. Amorphous Phosphate-Nafion and Silicophosphate-PMA/PWA Hybrids

1999 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Il Park ◽  
Jae-Dong Kim ◽  
Masayuki Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Proton Conductors ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
High Proton ◽  
Proton Source ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Amorphous Phosphate ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Very High

AbstractA drastic increase of electrical conductivity was observed in the composite of amorphous phosphate and ion-exchange resins (Nafion) as phosphorus concentration increased. Incorporation of amorphous phosphate into Nafion caused a large increase of conductivity to about 4×10−1S/cm at 23°C. However, the fabricated composite showed very low chemical stability.A high proton conductivity was also observed in a new inorganic-organic hybrids through incorporating PMA(molibdo-phosphoric acid)/PWA(tungsto-phosphoric acid) as a proton source in amorphous silicophosphate gel structure. Obtained gels were homogeneous and chemically stable. Resulting proton conductivity is very high (up to 5.5×10−3S/cm) compared to those of silicophosphate gels.

Recent advancements in the monitoring of bridges using “smart” components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Treacy ◽  
Danilo Della Ca' ◽  
Niculin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Bridge Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Very High

<p>Making the transition to ultra-long bridge design life requires a paradigm shift in the way bridge maintenance is considered. In order to achieve a very long service life, the maintenance program must be carefully planned and strictly executed throughout the structure’s life. A bridge’s bearings and expansion joints experience the full effects of traffic and the environment throughout that service life, and can act as ideal “smart” components</p><p>– incorporating integrated sensors in order to continuously monitor the components’ own performance, and the structure’s overall performance, over time. Installation and testing of such sensors in factory conditions allows very high quality control, which cannot easily be matched on site. So-called “wear elements”, such as the sliding surface materials in bearings and expansion joints, will need to be replaced a number of times during a long service life, even when using the highest-quality materials available. Recognizing this fact, and incorporating monitoring systems that can track the deterioration of such elements and provide advance warnings for the owner, can result in efficient life-cycle planning of bridge maintenance, vital for major transport infrastructure. Recent developments and added value of such “smart” technologies are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Competencies On Business Performance (Empirical Study On Msmes Of Palembang Woven Fabric)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Bainil Yulina ◽  
Pridson Mandiangan ◽  
Nurul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
High Category ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Very High

The aims of this study were to investigate the entrepreneurial competence in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of Palembang woven fabrics, the busniess performance of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of Palembang woven fabrics, and whether entrepreneurial competence affected business performance at Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of Palembang woven fabrics. This research employed quantitative method. The population in this study was 90 owners of MSMEs as well as woven fabric craftsmen in the Tuan Kentang Palembang area. The sample used a random sample of 50 respondents. To collect the data, a closed-ended questionnaire was used. For data analysis, Ordinary Least Square was used. The research results showed 3 findings: overall, the entrepreneurial competence in the Palembang woven fabric business was in the high category, the overall performance of the Palembang woven fabric business was in the very high category, and entrepreneurial competence had a positive and significant effect on the business performance of the Palembang woven fabric business.

Mechanical Enhancement of Cellulose Nanofibril (CNF) Films Through the Addition of Water-soluble Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endrina Stefani Forti ◽  
Sami M El Awad ◽  
Xin Y Ng ◽  
Whirang Cho ◽  
Gregory T Schueneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Solution Casting ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Cnf Films

Abstract In this work, water-soluble polymers were screened through solution casting and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOX) were found as reinforcement agents for cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) films. Mechanical property increases of 99% in elastic modulus, 93% in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and 134% in the work of failure (WOF) were reported for TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF) with 0.44 mmol/g carboxylate groups and 15 wt.% PVA. PEOX had a higher elastic modulus increase of 113%, yet lower UTS and WOF increases were found at 63% and 28%, respectively. Additionally, increases in UTS and elastic modulus were also seen in mechanically fibrillated CNF and TOCNFs with higher carboxylate contents (1.5 mmol/g). The toughening mechanism was attributed to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding between the CNFs and the hydrophilic polymers added. The presence of such mechanisms was indirectly confirmed by tensile testing, zeta potential and rheology.

scholarly journals Alcohol induced gelation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril dispersions

Soft Matter ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (45) ◽  
pp. 9243-9249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo A. da Silva ◽  
Vincenzo Calabrese ◽  
Julien Schmitt ◽  
Duygu Celebi ◽  
Janet L. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibril ◽  
Alcoholic Mixtures

Alcohol-induced gelation of partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNFs): nanoscale (SAXS) and macroscale (rheology) insights into OCNF self-assembly in aqueous-alcoholic mixtures.

The effects of timbre on absolute pitch judgment

2020 ◽  
pp. 030573561989343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaonuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Absolute Pitch ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Test Study ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Very High

This article reports the high prevalence of Absolute Pitch (AP) among students at Shanghai Conservatory of Music and explores the effects of timbre on AP judgment through a large-scale direct-test study. This study used two types of timbres (piano timbre and string timbre) to explore the correlation between the different types of timbre and note-naming accuracy. The participants included 71 undergraduate students majoring in piano and string at Shanghai Conservatory of Music, who had begun musical training at an age ⩽ 9 and focused on Western tonal music. The main results showed that the overall performance levels were very high and that the students scored 73% correct without semitone errors and 80% with semitone errors. All groups exhibited higher performance in judging pitches in piano timbre than string timbre. In addition, after listening to piano timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in string timbre was significantly increased, and after listening to string timbre, the accuracy in judging pitches in piano timbre decreased but not significantly.

scholarly journals The potential of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils as rheology modifiers in food systems

Cellulose ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 5483-5496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Aaen ◽  
Sébastien Simon ◽  
Fredrik Wernersson Brodin ◽  
Kristin Syverud
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Oxidized Cellulose
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