scholarly journals Lignin-Based Carbon Nanofibers as Electrodes for Vanadium Redox Couple Electrochemistry

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Vivo-Vilches ◽  
Alain Celzard ◽  
Vanessa Fierro ◽  
Isabelle Devin-Ziegler ◽  
Nicolas Brosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Fiber Mats ◽  
Synthetic Process ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Key Parameter

Three different types of lignin (kraft, organosolv and phosphoric acid lignin) were characterized and tested as precursors of electrospun nanofibers. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) was added as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide (DMF) employed as a solvent. It was found that the molecular weight of lignin was the key parameter to understand the differences of the mechanical stability of the resultant fiber mats. In the case of kraft lignin (KL), the influence of some changes in the synthetic process was also tested: applied voltage, pretreatment in air or not, and the addition of a small amount of Ketjen black. After pyrolysis in nitrogen flow, the obtained carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were characterized by different techniques to analyze their differences in morphology and surface chemistry. Vanadium electrochemistry in 3M sulfuric acid was used to evaluate the different CNFs. All fibers allowed electrochemical reactions, but we observed that the oxidation of V(II) to V(III) was very sensitive to the nature of the raw material. Materials prepared from kraft and phosphorus lignin showed the best performances. Nevertheless, when 1 wt.% of Ketjen black was added to KL during the electrospinning, the electrochemical performance of the sample was significantly improved and all targeted reactions for an all-vanadium redox flow battery were observed. Therefore, in this work, we demonstrated that CNFs obtained by the electrospinning of lignin can be employed as electrodes for vanadium electrochemistry, and their properties can be tuned to improve their electrochemical properties.

High performance electrospun nickel manganite on carbon nanofibers electrode for vanadium redox flow battery

2020 ◽  
Vol 355 ◽  
pp. 136755 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Busacca ◽  
O. Di Blasi ◽  
G. Giacoppo ◽  
N. Briguglio ◽  
V. Antonucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Flow Battery ◽  
Vanadium Redox

Characteristics of carbon nanofibers produced from lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/kraft lignin-g-PAN copolymer blends electrospun nanofibers

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Woo Park ◽  
Won-Jae Youe ◽  
Song-Yi Han ◽  
Yong Sik Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Copolymer Blends ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Abstract Lignin-based electrospun nanofibers (eNFs) were prepared and thermally stabilized at 250°C and subsequently carbonized at 1400°C. The starting blend was prepared in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution with lignin and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), while a lignin-grafted-PAN (L-g-PAN) copolymer served as compatibilizer. The viscosity was highest of the DMF solution with PAN, and decreased for the lignin/PAN blends and additionally in presence of L-g-PAN. The uniform eNFs with clean surfaces dispose of diameters between 400 nm and 1 μm. The average diameter of eNFs decreased by the thermal treatment and at higher lignin contents in the blends. Remarkable shrinkage by carbonization was observed in all nanofibers. The successful carbonization of all electrospun carbon nanofibers (eCNFs) was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The specific tensile strength and elastic modulus of the eCNF mats from lignin/PAN blends were improved by the addition of L-g-PAN, and it can be safely concluded that it acts as a compatibilizer between lignin and PAN.

Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)/short-carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotube composite membrane applied for vanadium redox flow battery

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wei ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Vanadium Redox Flow Battery ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Vanadium Redox ◽  
Sulfonated Poly

Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) is a potential polymer for replacing Nafion membranes in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRB); however, at a high degree of sulfonation, SPES membrane displays high swelling, poor mechanical stability, and high vanadium crossover. In this study, to improve membrane performance, composite membranes of SPES and short-carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotube (denoted as SPES/SCCT membrane) were prepared and employed as the separator for VRB to evaluate the vanadium ions permeability and cell performance. The composite membrane showed the lowest vanadium ion permeability and highest selectivity compared with the Nafion221 and SPES membranes. The VRB with SPES/SCCT membrane also showed higher coulombic efficiency of about 91.7% and energy efficiency of about 84.1% but lower capacity loss and self-discharge than that of VRB with Nafion221 membrane during the cycling test, which further indicated the promising prospects of SPES/SCCT composite membrane application in VRB systems.

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