Exploring User Perception Challenges in Vibrotactile Haptic Display Using Resonant Microbeams under Contact with Skin

Daehan Wi; Angela A. Sodemann

doi:10.3390/mti3020038

Exploring User Perception Challenges in Vibrotactile Haptic Display Using Resonant Microbeams under Contact with Skin

Multimodal Technologies and Interaction ◽

10.3390/mti3020038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Daehan Wi ◽

Angela A. Sodemann

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Tactile Display ◽

User Perception ◽

Primary Metal ◽

Beam Vibration ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Five Phases ◽

Contact Experiments

Resonant vibrotactile microbeams use the concept of resonance to excite the vibration of cantilever beams, which correspond to pixels of an image. The primary benefit of this type of tactile display is its potential for high resolution. This paper presents the concept of the proposed system and human skin contact experiments to explore user perception challenges related to beam vibration during skin contact. The human skin contact experiments can be described in five phases: dried skin contact to metal beam tips, wet and soaped skin contact to metal beam tips, skin contact with a constraint, normal force measurement, and skin contact to the tips of silicone rubber beams attached to metal beam tips. Experimental results are analyzed to determine in what cases of skin contact the beams stop vibrating. It is found that the addition of silicone rubber beams allows the primary metal beams to continue vibrating while in contact with skin. Thus, the vibration response of a metal beam with silicone rubber beams is investigated for the better understanding of the effect of silicone rubber beams on the metal beam vibration.

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Wearable FES Electrodes

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019032013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Tyler ◽

Mavridis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Human Skin ◽

Circuit Design ◽

The Body ◽

Product Development Process ◽

Passive Component ◽

Electrode Size ◽

Skin Electrode ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Electrode Interface

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to revitalise the muscles of people suffering from various kinds of injury. However, when human skin is incorporated into electrical circuits, it must not be treated as a passive component. Skin’s electrical properties must be known when electrodes deliver electrical stimulation to the body, whether by hydrogel electrodes or by electrodes embedded in apparel. Failure to address this issue increases the risk of skin burns due to too high current through the skin/electrode interface. We have demonstrated that there is a relationship between electrode size and measured voltage. The rise of voltage with a reduction of electrode size can be explained by the diminution of the skin contact area with resulting higher skin/electrode impedances. Thus, finding an electrical skin model that represents the behaviour of human skin is important for circuit design and the product development process.

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Permeation of 4-Cyanophenol and Methyl Paraben from Powder and Saturated Aqueous Solution through Silicone Rubber Membranes and Human Skin

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1002/jps.20735 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (11) ◽

pp. 2526-2533 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Wayne J. Romonchuk ◽

Annette L. Bunge

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Human Skin ◽

Silicone Rubber ◽

Saturated Aqueous Solution ◽

Methyl Paraben

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The role of the skin microrelief in the contact behaviour of human skin: Contact between the human finger and regular surface textures

Tribology International ◽

10.1016/j.triboint.2012.11.024 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

J. van Kuilenburg ◽

M.A. Masen ◽

E. van der Heide

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Regular Surface ◽

Surface Textures ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Contact Behaviour ◽

Human Finger

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Moving microbes: the dynamics of transient microbial residence on human skin

10.1101/586008 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Roo Vandegrift ◽

Ashkaan K. Fahimipour ◽

Mario Muscarella ◽

Ashley C. Bateman ◽

Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Transient Effects ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Short Term ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Short Time ◽

Lower Biomass

AbstractThe human skin microbiome interacts intimately with human health, yet the drivers of skin microbiome composition and diversity are not well-understood. The composition of the skin microbiome has been characterized as both highly variable and relatively stable, depending on the time scale under consideration, and it is not clear what role contact with environmental sources of microbes plays in this variability. We experimentally mimicked human skin contact with two common environmental sources of microorganisms — soils and plant leaves — and characterized the dynamics of microbial acquisition and persistence on skin on very short time scales. Repeatable changes in skin community composition following encounters with environmental sources were observed, and these trajectories largely depend on donor community biomass distributions. Changes in composition persisted for at least 24 hours and through a soap and water wash following exposures to relatively high biomass soil communities. In contrast, exposures to lower biomass leaf communities were undetectable after a 24 hour period. Absolute abundances of bacterial taxa in source communities predicted transmission probabilities and residence times, independent of phylogenetic considerations. Our results suggest that variability in the composition of the skin microbiome can be driven by transient encounters with common environmental sources, and that these relatively transient effects can persist when the source is of sufficient biomass.ImportanceHumans come into contact with environmental sources of microbes, such as soil or plants, constantly. Those microbial exposures have been linked to health through training and modulation of the immune system. While much is known about the human skin microbiome, the short term dynamics after a contact event, such as touching soil, have not been well characterized. In this study, we examine what happens after such a contact event, describing trends in microbial transmission to and persistence on the skin. Additionally, we use computational sampling model simulations to interrogate null expectations for these kinds of experiments. This work has broad implications for infection control strategies and therapeutic techniques that rely on modification of the microbiome, such as probiotics and faecal transplantation.

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