scholarly journals A Green and Simple Protocol for Extraction and Application of a Peroxidase-Rich Enzymatic Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Gonçalo P. Rosa ◽  
Maria do Carmo Barreto ◽  
Diana C. G. A. Pinto ◽  
Ana M. L. Seca
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Enzymatic Extract ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Social Expectation ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
Working Parameters

Recently there is a great social expectation that scientists should produce more sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes. Within this necessity, biocatalysis presents many attractive features because reactions are often performed in water, under mild conditions, the catalyst is biodegradable and can be obtained from renewable raw materials. In this work, we propose a simple, rapid and low-cost method for the preparation and application of an enzymatic extract from turnip root. The protocol described includes (1) the preparation of the enzymatic extract, (2) the procedure for the assessment of the more favorable working parameters (temperature, pH) and (3) the methodology for the application of the extract as the catalyst for biotransformation reactions. We anticipate that the protocol in this research will provide a simple way for obtaining an enzymatic extract which can operate efficiently under mild conditions and can effectively catalyze the biotransformation of simple phenols.

scholarly journals Electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of 4-selanylpyrazoles under catalyst- and chemical-oxidant-free conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Jin-Yang Chen ◽  
Jing Ning ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
Jie Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Reaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Multicomponent Synthesis ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Simple Protocol ◽  
High Yields

An electrochemical multicomponent reaction was established under catalyst-, chemical-oxidant-free and mild conditions, which provides an eco-friendly and simple protocol for constructing 4-selanylpyrazoles from easily available raw materials with high yields.

scholarly journals A Review of Carbon Dots Produced from Biomass Wastes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2316
Author(s):  
Chao Kang ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Xiu Fang Yan ◽  
Zeng Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

The fluorescent carbon dot is a novel type of carbon nanomaterial. In comparison with semiconductor quantum dots and fluorescence organic agents, it possesses significant advantages such as excellent photostability and biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity and easy surface functionalization, which endow it a wide application prospect in fields of bioimaging, chemical sensing, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis and photocatalysis as well. Biomass waste is a good choice for the production of carbon dots owing to its abundance, wide availability, eco-friendly nature and a source of low cost renewable raw materials such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, carbohydrates and proteins, etc. This paper reviews the main sources of biomass waste, the feasibility and superiority of adopting biomass waste as a carbon source for the synthesis of carbon dots, the synthetic approaches of carbon dots from biomass waste and their applications. The advantages and deficiencies of carbon dots from biomass waste and the major influencing factors on their photoluminescence characteristics are summarized and discussed. The challenges and perspectives in the synthesis of carbon dots from biomass wastes are also briefly outlined.

scholarly journals A binary solvent for the simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and purification

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Ika Amalia Kartika ◽  
Oky Tresia Ordian Bernia ◽  
Illah Sailah ◽  
Tirto Prakoso ◽  
Yohanes Aris Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Extraction And Purification

Sustainable biodiesel production can be realised by the use of a low-cost feedstock, efficient energy and renewable raw materials. The simultaneous Calophyllum oil-resin extraction and its purification using a binary solvent (n-hexane mixed with alcohol) were examined to meet those aspects. The extraction conditions effect was investigated to determine the optimal oil yield and quality. n-Hexane mixed with alcohol was extracted and purified effectively the oil from Calophyllum seeds. The oil yield and its quality were mainly affected by the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio. The oil yield enhanced as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio enlarged from 1:1 to 2.5:1. The acid value and density of the oil improved as the n-hexane-to-alcohol ratio declined from 2.5:1 to 1:1. The n-Hexane-to-alcohol ratio of 2.5:1 provided the best yield (59%) of the oil extracted at 40°C for 5 hours. The oil presented its best quality at 0.893 g·cm<sup>–3</sup> of density, 41.0 mPa·s of viscosity, 8.8 mg KOH·g<sup>–1</sup> of the acid value, 88.3 g per 100 g of the iodine value, &lt; 1% of moisture content and &lt; 0.04% of ash content. The oil also had an inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics of Potato Starch and Gelatine Blend Bioplastics Made with Gelatines from Different Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-436
Author(s):  
Marta Mroczkowska ◽  
David Culliton ◽  
Kieran Germaine ◽  
Adriana Neves
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Different Sources

Environmentally friendly packaging is becoming more popular as the number of companies implementing more sustainable solutions continues to increase, and consumers become more aware and choose more environmentally friendly options. However, not all environmentally friendly packaging meets all desirable properties, as some are only partially made of renewable raw materials or degrade over a long period of time. Bioplastics constructed from blends of gelatine and starch are solely made from renewable raw materials. Combined with relatively short degradation times, these materials have the potential to replace currently used, non-biodegradable film and single-use plastics. However, despite these advantages, further research is required to identify the best combination of raw materials, selectively and collectively, and to then optimise the appropriate physicochemical properties of the resultant bioplastics. In this study, gelatine from different sources (piscine, porcine, bovine) combined with potato starch was used to generate home-compostable bioplastics. These bioplastics were assessed in terms of water solubility, water content, opacity, surface roughness, and key mechanical properties such as tensile strength. Significant differences were found, particularly for piscine gelatine blends. It was concluded that piscine gelatine is a promising protein with highly relevant properties for the bioplastics industry.

Environmentally Friendly Flame Retardants Based on Renewable Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S.M. Lomakin ◽  
A.M. Sakharov ◽  
P.A. Sakharov ◽  
G.E. Zaikov
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials

scholarly journals Chemistry Based on Renewable Raw Materials: Perspectives for a Sugar Cane-Based Biorefinery

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murillo Villela Filho ◽  
Carlos Araujo ◽  
Alfredo Bonfá ◽  
Weber Porto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biobased Products ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sugar Mills

Carbohydrates are nowadays a very competitive feedstock for the chemical industry because their availability is compatible with world-scale chemical production and their price, based on the carbon content, is comparable to that of petrochemicals. At the same time, demand is rising for biobased products. Brazilian sugar cane is a competitive feedstock source that is opening the door to a wide range of bio-based products. This essay begins with the importance of the feedstock for the chemical industry and discusses developments in sugar cane processing that lead to low cost feedstocks. Thus, sugar cane enables a new chemical industry, as it delivers a competitive raw material and a source of energy. As a result, sugar mills are being transformed into sustainable biorefineries that fully exploit the potential of sugar cane.

Hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose in glycol solutions over CuO-MgO-ZrO2 catalyst

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
M.E. Sharanda ◽  
◽  
E.A. Bondarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Zro2 Catalyst ◽  
Phase Process

Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are important representatives of polyols. On an industrial scale, they are obtained from petrochemical raw materials. Within a decade, significant efforts were made for the producing of polyols from biologically renewable raw materials - carbohydrates. The general trend for carbohydrate hydrogenolysis includes application of liquid-phase process with the use of modified metal-oxide catalysts, at 120-120 ° C and pressure of 3MPa or above. So high pressure is used for the reason to increase hydrogen solubility, and also due to the high partial pressure of low boiling solvents. We supposed that usage of high boiling solvents could allow hydrogenolysis to be performed at the lower pressure. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are of particular interest as such kind of solvent since they are both the main products of glucose hydrogenolysis. In this work, the process of hydrogenolysis of glucose and fructose over Cu / MgO-ZrO2 catalyst have been studied at temperature range of 160-200 °C and a pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa in a flow reactor. The solvents were simultaneously the target products of the reaction - ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol. Gas chromatography and 13C NMR were used for the reaction products identification. It was found that the solubility of glucose in propylene glycol is 21 % by weight, and in ethylene glycol 62% by weight. It was pointed out that the process of hydrogenolysis can take place at a pressure close to atmospheric. Under these conditions, the conversion of hexoses reaches 96-100 %. The reaction products are preferably propylene glycol and ethylene glycol. The total selectivity for C3-2 polyols is 90-94 %, that is higher than in the hydrogenolysis of glucose in aqueous solution.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Device for a Biosensor †

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Prada ◽  
Christina Cordes ◽  
Carsten Harms ◽  
Walter Lang
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Working Parameters ◽  
Auto Fluorescence

This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a microfluidic device implemented as a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval was carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater, whose function was characterized at different working parameters. Carbon resistive temperature sensors were tested, characterized and printed on the biochip sealing film to monitor the heating process. Off-chip and on-chip processed RNA were hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification was achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials proved to allow the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the integration potential of fully thermoplastic devices in biosensor systems.

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