scholarly journals Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6674
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Pandey ◽  
Charles C. Chusuei
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensing ◽  
Active Nanoparticles ◽  
Carry Over

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been extensively used as electrochemical sensing composites due to their interesting chemical, electronic, and mechanical properties giving rise to increased performance. Due to these materials’ unknown long-term ecological fate, care must be given to make their use tractable. In this review, the design and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon dots (CDs) as electrochemical sensing electrocatalysts applied to the working electrode surface are surveyed for various biosensing applications. Graphene and CDs are readily biodegradable as compared to CNTs. Design elements for CNTs that carry over to graphene and CDs include Coulombic attraction of components and using O or N atoms that serve as tethering points for attaching electrocatalytically active nanoparticles (NPs) and/or other additives.

Carbon nanostructures in biology and medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (32) ◽  
pp. 6437-6450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyun Liu ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Mei Yan ◽  
Jinghua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Physical Chemical

Carbon nanostructures have unique physical, chemical, and electrical properties, which have attracted great interest from scientists. Carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene and other carbon nanomaterials are being successfully implemented in electrochemical sensing, biomedical and biological imaging.

scholarly journals Application of Carbon Nanomaterials Decorated Electrochemical Sensor for Analysis of Environmental Pollutants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Abhay Nanda Srivastva
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Metal Electrode ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Working Electrode

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been attracting tremendous attention in environmental analysis for rapid and cost effective detection of various analytes by electrochemical sensing. CNMs can increase the electrode effective area, enhance the electron transfer rate between the electrode and analytes, and/or act as catalysts to increase the efficiency of electrochemical reaction, detection, adsorption and removal are of great significance. Various carbon nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, graphene, mesoporous carbon, carbon dots exhibited high adsorption and detection capacity. Carbon and its derivatives possess excellent electro catalytic properties for the modified sensors, electrochemical methods usually based on anodic stripping voltammetry at some modified carbon electrodes. Metal electrode detection sensitivity is enhanced through surface modification of working electrode (GCE). Heavy metals have the defined redox potential. A remarkable deal of efficiency with the electrochemical sensors can be succeeded by layering the surface of the working electrode with film of active electro-catalytic species. Usually, electro catalysts used for fabrication of sensors are surfactants, nano-materials, polymers, carbon-based materials, organic ligands and biomaterials.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance of HMA-2 modified with purified and unpurified carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Mario Rodrigo Rubio ◽  
Duván Julián Martínez ◽  
Carlos Enrique Daza ◽  
Fredy Alberto Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dynamic Characterization ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Nickel Copper

The present study evaluates the mechanical performance of a Hot Mix Asphalt – Type II (HMA-2) modified with carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers (CNTF). CNTF were made by means the Catalytic Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique at 700° C using a Nickel, Copper and Aluminum (NiCuAl) catalyst with a Cu/Ni molar relation of 0,33. In order to properly assess HMA-2 performance, three different mixtures were analyzed: 1) HMA-2 modified with purified CNTF; 2) HMA-2 modified with non-purified CNTF and, 3) a Conventional HMA-2 (control). Samples manufactured in accordance with the Marshall Mix Design were tested in the laboratory to study rutting, resilient modulus (Mr) and fatigue. In addition to the aforementioned dynamic characterization, the effect of CNTF purification on the asphalt mixture’s mechanical properties was analyzed. In short, a comparative study was designed to determine whether or not CNTF should be purified before introduction into the HMA-2. This investigation responds to the growing demand for economical materials capable of withstanding traffic loads while simultaneously enhancing pavement durability and mechanical properties. Although purified CNTF increased HMA-2 stiffness and elastic modulus, non-purified CNTF increased the asphalt mixture’s elastic modulus without considerable increases in stiffness. Thus, the latter modification is deemed to help address fatiguerelated issues and improve the long-term durability of flexible pavements.

scholarly journals Synthetic Approach to Rice Waste-Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-159
Author(s):  
Shamroza Mubarik ◽  
Nawal Qureshi ◽  
Zainab Sattar ◽  
Aqeela Shaheen ◽  
Ambreen Kalsoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials ◽  
Carbon Based

The utilization of biomass waste to produce valuable products has extraordinary advantages as far as both the economy and climate are concerned, which have become particularly significant lately. The large-scale manufacturing of agricultural waste, mainly rice by-products (rice husk, rice straw, and rice bran), empowers them to be the most broadly examined biomasses as they contain lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Rice waste was first used to incorporate bulk materials, while the manufacturing of versatile nanostructures from rice waste at low cost has been developed in recent years and attracts much consideration nowadays. Carbon-based nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, fullerenes, and carbon nanofibers have tremendous potential in climate and energy-related applications. Various methods have been reported to synthesize high-value carbon nanomaterials, but the use of green technology for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is most common nowadays because of the abundant availability of the starting precursor, non-toxicity, low fabrication cost, ease of modification, and eco-friendly nature; therefore, reusing low-value biomass waste for the processing of renewable materials to fabricate high-value products is remarkable. Carbon nanomaterials derived from rice waste have broad applications in various disciplines owing to their distinctive physicochemical, electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and enhanced biocompatibility properties. The main objective of this review and basic criteria of selecting examples and explanations is to highlight the green routes for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials—i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots—from rice biomass waste, and their extensive applications in biomedical research (bio-imaging), environmental (water remediation), and energy-related (electrodes for supercapacitors, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, and solar cells) applications. This review summarizes recent advancements, challenges, and trends for rice waste obtained from renewable resources for utilization in the fabrication of versatile carbon-based nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Spongy Structures Coated with Carbon Nanomaterials for Efficient Oil/Water Separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fail Sultanov ◽  
B. Bakbolat ◽  
Zulkhair Mansurov ◽  
Shin-Shem Pei ◽  
Rabi Ebrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Coating Method

Rapid progress of processing and transportation of oil and petroleum products may cause disaster for environment like oil spill. Oil booms, combustion, and oil skimmer vessels are usually used to clean up the oil spill, but often with poor efficiency and even with undesirable environmental side effects. With obtaining of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) (graphene, carbon nanotubes) and developing inexpensive technologies for their synthesis it has become perspective to use them for creation of 3D structures which may serve as a hydrophobic sorbents for oil and petroleum products. In this study, sponges coated with carbon nanomaterials were obtained using “dip-coating” method. Walls of commercially available polyurethane (PU) and melamine sponges were coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The resulting sponges are characterized by excellent mechanical properties, they are superhydprophobic, and they fully repel water and at the same time selectively absorb oil and organic liquids of different densities. We believe that superhydrophobic and superoleophilic sponges, the walls of which are coated with CNMs, are perspective candidates for reusable sorbents for collection of oil and petroleum products from the surface of water and moreover due to its excellent mechanical properties they can serve as a hydrophobic filtering materials for separation of oil from the surface of water.

scholarly journals Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 570
Author(s):  
Simone Adorinni ◽  
Petr Rozhin ◽  
Silvia Marchesan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Innovative Potential

Carbon nanomaterials include diverse structures and morphologies, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. They have attracted great interest in medicine for their high innovative potential, owing to their unique electronic and mechanical properties. In this review, we describe the most recent advancements in their inclusion in hydrogels to yield smart systems that can respond to a variety of stimuli. In particular, we focus on graphene and carbon nanotubes, for applications that span from sensing and wearable electronics to drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Carbon Nanomaterials in Flames: from 0-D to 1-D and 2-D

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 1313-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhi Luo ◽  
Lingmin Liao ◽  
Xiang Qi ◽  
Yueli Liu ◽  
Bing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Journal Papers

ABSTRACTCarbon nanomaterials are viewed as promising building blocks of future nanotechnology because of their superior electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Carbon nanomaterials can be synthesized by a variety of methods, in which flames offer a potential route in large quantities at a significantly lower cost. Our group has worked on growth of carbon nanomaterials involving carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and graphenes in flames for more than 15 years, and almost 100 journal papers have been published. In this paper, we review the advances in synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from flames in detail together with discussion on the major challenges and opportunities for practical applications.

scholarly journals Graphene, Carbon Nanotube and Plasmonic Nanosensors for Detection of Viral Pathogens: Opportunities for Rapid Testing in Pandemics like COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelkanth M. Bardhan ◽  
Peter Jansen ◽  
Angela M. Belcher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Rapid Testing ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Resonance Effects

With the emergence of global pandemics such as the Black Death (Plague), 1918 influenza, smallpox, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and currently the COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there is an urgent, pressing medical need to devise methods of rapid testing and diagnostics to screen a large population of the planet. The important considerations for any such diagnostic test include: 1) high sensitivity (to maximize true positive rate of detection); 2) high specificity (to minimize false positives); 3) low cost of testing (to enable widespread adoption, even in resource-constrained settings); 4) rapid turnaround time from sample collection to test result; and 5) test assay without the need for specialized equipment. While existing testing methods for COVID-19 such as RT-PCR (real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) offer high sensitivity and specificity, they are quite expensive – in terms of the reagents and equipment required, the laboratory expertise needed to run and interpret the test data, and the turnaround time. In this review, we summarize the recent advances made using carbon nanotubes for sensors; as a nanotechnology-based approach for diagnostic testing of viral pathogens; to improve the performance of the detection assays with respect to sensitivity, specificity and cost. Carbon nanomaterials are an attractive platform for designing biosensors due to their scalability, tunable functionality, photostability, and unique opto-electronic properties. Two possible approaches for pathogen detection using carbon nanomaterials are discussed here: 1) optical sensing, and 2) electrochemical sensing. We explore the chemical modifications performed to add functionality to the carbon nanotubes, and the physical, optical and/or electronic considerations used for testing devices or sensors fabricated using these carbon nanomaterials. Given this progress, it is reason to be cautiously optimistic that nanosensors based on carbon nanotubes, graphene technology and plasmonic resonance effects can play an important role towards the development of accurate, cost-effective, widespread testing capacity for the world’s population, to help detect, monitor and mitigate the spread of disease outbreaks.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Highly-Dispersed Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons–Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes–Graphene Oxide (GNFG) Complex and Its Application in Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Cementitious Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Peiqi Li ◽  
Junxing Liu ◽  
Sungwun Her ◽  
Erfan Zal Nezhad ◽  
Seungmin Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Type I ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons ◽  
Highly Dispersed

In this study, a graphene oxide nanoribbons–functionalized carbon nanotubes–graphene oxide (GNFG) complex was hydrothermally synthesized as a nanomaterial for reinforcing cementitious composites, using a modified Hummers’ method. Three types of components existed in the GNFG: Type I, the functionalized carbon nanotubes–graphene oxide nanoribbons (FCNTs–GNR); and types II and III are graphene oxide (GO) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (FCNTs), respectively, which exist independently. The dispersivity of GNFG and its effects on the mechanical properties, hydration process, and microstructures of cement pastes were evaluated, and the results were compared with those using cement pastes incorporating other typical carbon nanomaterials. The results demonstrated that dispersion of GNFG in aqueous solutions was superior to that of the CNTs, FCNTs, and GO/FCNTs mixture. Furthermore, the highly-dispersed GNFG (0.05 wt.%) improved the mechanical properties of the cement paste after 28 days of hydration and promoted the hydration of cement compared to CNTs, GO, and GO/FCNTs mixture (0.05 wt.%). The results in this study validated the feasibility of using GNFG with enhanced dispersion as a new nano-reinforcing agent for various cementitious systems.

Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes On Mechanical Properties of Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 166-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.T.Ch.Madhavi Dr.T.Ch.Madhavi ◽  
◽  
Pavithra.P Pavithra.P ◽  
Sushmita Baban Singh Sushmita Baban Singh ◽  
S.B.Vamsi Raj S.B.Vamsi Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon
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