scholarly journals Comparison of β-Glucan Content in Milled Rice, Rice Husk and Rice Bran from Rice Cultivars Grown in Different Locations of Thailand and the Relationship between β-Glucan and Amylose Contents

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6368
Author(s):  
Pattraporn Phuwadolpaisarn
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Cereal Grain

β-glucan is a dietary fiber that is beneficial to human health, and its content varies according to its different parts, type of cereal grain, and growing environment. In this study, the β-glucan of milled rice, rice husk, and rice bran fractions, as well as the amylose content of milled rice fraction, from 38 selected rice-paddy grains from six regions of Thailand were quantitatively determined. The milled rice of the Sakon Nakhon (SN) cultivar grown in the northeast contained the highest β-glucan content (0.88 ± 0.03%), followed by the milled rice of the Jow Khao Chiangmai (JKC) cultivar (0.71 ± 0.03%) and rice bran of the Sew Mae Jan (SMJ) cultivar (0.67 ± 0.03%) grown in the north. The results reveal that the rice cultivars from each region showing variation in the β-glucan level in each fraction, which is mainly found in milled rice and rice bran, are similar to those found in other cereal grains, although low amounts are found in the husk. The amylose and β-glucan contents in the milled rice fraction showed a strong negative correlation (r = −0.805; p < 0.0001). This new information about the β-glucan content of Thai rice cultivars could be used for the development of cereal-based functional food.

scholarly journals Determination of perchlorate and its distribution in unhusked rice in China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changxin Shen ◽  
Lian Liu ◽  
Xiaoyao Yin ◽  
Fengqin Tu ◽  
Kejia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Exposure Risk ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Samples

Abstract Perchlorate concentrations in 387 unhusked rice samples from 15 main producing provinces in China were investigated by HPLC–MS/MS. The results indicated that perchlorate displays a mean level of 17.17 μg/kg in unhusked rice samples. Intriguingly, we also found that perchlorate is mainly observed in rice husk among of these collected unhusked rice samples, while less observed in rice bran and milled rice. Specifically, the perchlorate levels in rice were found in the husks (73.61%), bran (10.09%) and milled rice (19.52%), respectively. Our results indicated that there is no significantly perchlorate exposure risk in edible milled rice. We suggested that perchlorate in rice can be greatly removed if deep processed unhusked rice and there is no perchlorate exposure risk in edible milled rice.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

scholarly journals Evaluation of indigenous aromatic rice cultivars from sub-Himalayan Terai region of India for nutritional attributes and blast resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debayan Mondal ◽  
Prudveesh Kantamraju ◽  
Susmita Jha ◽  
Gadge Sushant Sundarrao ◽  
Arpan Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Rice Cultivars

AbstractIndigenous folk rice cultivars often possess remarkable but unrevealed potential in terms of nutritional attributes and biotic stress tolerance. The unique cooking qualities and blissful aroma of many of these landraces make it an attractive low-cost alternative to high priced Basmati rice. Sub-Himalayan Terai region is bestowed with great agrobiodiversity in traditional heirloom rice cultivars. In the present study, ninety-nine folk rice cultivars from these regions were collected, purified and characterized for morphological and yield traits. Based on traditional importance and presence of aroma, thirty-five genotypes were selected and analyzed for genetic diversity using micro-satellite marker system. The genotypes were found to be genetically distinct and of high nutritive value. The resistant starch content, amylose content, glycemic index and antioxidant potential of these genotypes represented wide variability and ‘Kataribhog’, ‘Sadanunia’, ‘Chakhao’ etc. were identified as promising genotypes in terms of different nutritional attributes. These cultivars were screened further for resistance against blast disease in field trials and cultivars like ‘Sadanunia’, ‘T4M-3-5’, ‘Chakhao Sampark’ were found to be highly resistant to the blast disease whereas ‘Kalonunia’, ‘Gobindabhog’, ‘Konkanijoha’ were found to be highly susceptible. Principal Component analysis divided the genotypes in distinct groups for nutritional potential and blast tolerance. The resistant and susceptible genotypes were screened for the presence of the blast resistant pi genes and association analysis was performed with disease tolerance. Finally, a logistic model based on phenotypic traits for prediction of the blast susceptibility of the genotypes is proposed with more than 80% accuracy.

scholarly journals Productivity and Yield Quality of Intersubspecies Crossing of Japonica-Indica

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sobrizal Sobrizal ◽  
Carkum Carkum ◽  
Wijaya M. Indriatama ◽  
Aryanti Aryanti ◽  
Ita Dwimahyani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Yield Quality

<p>In the middle of 1980s, rice self-sufficiency in Indonesia has been achieved, but the growth of rice production slowed down since the 1990s. Narrow genetic variability of released rice varieties contributed largely to the occurrence of leveling of potential rice yield over the past decades. To enlarge the genetic variability, an intersubspecies crossing of Koshihikari (japonica) and IR36 (indica) has been performed. Through this crossing, three high yielding and high yield quality promising lines of KI 37, KI 238, and KI 730 have been obtained. The objective of this study was to evaluate the superiorities of these lines through multi-location yield trials, pests, diseases, and grain qualities examinations. Examination methods used followed the release food crops variety procedure issued by the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. The result of examinations showed that the average yield of KI 730 was 7.47 t/ha, it was significantly higher than that of Ciherang (6,73 t/ha). KI 730 has a good grain quality, with translucent milled rice, a high percentage of milled rice (78.0%) and head rice (91.01%). The texture of its cooking rice was soft, sticky, with the amylose content of 20.41%. In addition, pests and diseases resistances of KI 730 were better than those of other lines tested. After evaluation by National Food Crops Release Variety Team, the KI 730 line was released as a national superior variety with the name of Tropiko. Tropiko should become an alternative variety to grow widely in order to increase national rice production and farmers income.</p>

scholarly journals Updating of digital topographic maps in the new national spatial coordinate system: case Fergana valley in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dilbarkhon Fazilova ◽  
Hasan Magdiev
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Geodetic Coordinate System ◽  
Geocentric Coordinate System

Abstract. The classical geodetic coordinate system (CS42) in Uzbekistan uses the Krasovsky ellipsoid. The implementation of new information technologies, such as the Global Navigation Satellite System, became the basis for the development of a new national open geocentric coordinate system. This paper describes the development of a distortion grid for transforming horizontal spatial data from the local geodetic datum CS42 to a geocentric datum WGS84 for 1:100000 scale maps of the Fergana Valley in Uzbekistan. A first version of the distortion grid file has been created for transforming between CS42 and WGS84 for the whole territory of the country. The significant influence of the longitudinal drift of the region has been confirmed. The grid was used to transform topographic maps at a scale of 1:100000 for the Fergana Valley. Changing the map datum has shifted the grid of coordinate systems by 70 m in the East and 7 m in the North.

scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik Beras (Oryza sativa L.) Mutan M4 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nanda Funna Ledita ◽  
Efendi Efendi ◽  
Rita Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstrak.  Beras (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berfungsi sebagai tanaman pokok selain gandum dan jagung di Indonesia, dikarenakan mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, air  dan lemak. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk maka permintaan terhadap beras semakin meningkat. Permintaan tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh selera konsumen yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas beras yaitu mutu fisik (ukuran dan bentuk butiran, rendemen dan pengapuran), mutu tanak (kadar amilosa dan suhu gelatinisasi) dan mutu rasa (tekstur dan aroma). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas beberapa galur padi mutan M4 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, serta Laboratorium Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor, yang berlangsung pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian ini berupa galur (G) dengan 5 taraf, yaitu i-Snb (G0) kontrol, O-39e (G1), O-57d (G2), O-57e (G3) dan O-88j (G4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu sifat fisik beras (densitas kamba, derajat sosoh, dimensi beras rendemen beras giling, dan warna). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur  mutan M4 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas sifat fisik rendemen beras giling dan warna nilai L (kecerahan). Rendemen beras giling terbaik galur O-39e (70,33%) dan warna nilai L (kecerahan) galur O-88j (117,90).  Perlakuan terbaik secara kumulatif  untuk sifat fisik beras yaitu pada i-Snb.. Physical Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) M4  Mutant Results of Gamma Ray IrradiationAbstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of main food which the function is to be staple food beside wheat and corn in Indonesia because it contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, water, and fat. Towards the increasing populations, the demand of rice is increasing as well. The demand is largerly depends on the consumer taste affected by the quality of rice which are physical quality (size and grain shape, rendemen, and calcification), cooked quality (amylose content and gelatinization temperature) and flavor quality (texture and smell). The purpose of this research was to investigate the quality of rice from several M4 mutant line resulting from gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Laboratory of Food and Agricultural Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from the month April to July 2018. The design used in this study was based on a non-factorial completely randomize design with 3 replications and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5% on a significant F test results. The results showed that the M4 mutant line had a very significant effect on the quality of physical properties, the yield of milled rice and the best color L (brightness), namely on the O-88j and O-39e line.

CERAMIC HISTORY, CERAMIC CHANGE, AND ARCHITECTURAL SEQUENCE AT ACANMUL, CAMPECHE: A LOCAL CHRONICLE AND ITS REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Ball ◽  
Jennifer T. Taschek
Keyword(s):  
Architectural History ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
State University ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
San Diego State University ◽  
The City

AbstractAcanmul is a medium-size center located at the north end of the Bay of Campeche about 25 km northeast of the city of Campeche. Between 1999 and 2005, three independent sets of investigations and major architectural consolidation were carried out at the center by archaeologists from the Universidad Autónoma de Campeche (UAC), the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), Centro Regional de Campeche, and UAC in collaboration with San Diego State University. These efforts produced a wealth of new information on the archaeology of the central Campeche coast, including new insights into the emergence and evolution of the northern slateware tradition and the architectural history of the central coast from Preclassic through Postclassic times. New data concerning changing relationships through time of the central coast Maya to both the interior central and southern lowlands and to the northern plains also were documented, as was the mid ninth century sacking of the center. This article synthesizes the findings of the three separate institutional efforts at Acanmul and offers a number of new cultural historical scenarios and hypotheses based on them.

Information content in the rainfall observed by INSAT-3D and IMERG: An intercomparison study over the north eastern region of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniket Chakravorty ◽  
Shyam Sundar Kundu ◽  
Penumetcha Lakshmi Narasa Raju
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Redundant Information ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Wavelet Entropy ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
North Eastern

&lt;p&gt;There has been a noticeable increase in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in various areas, in the recent past. One such area is the prediction of rainfall over a region. This application has seen crucial advancement with the use of deep sequential learning algorithms. This new approach to rainfall prediction has also helped increase the utilization of satellite data for prediction. As, AI based prediction algorithms are based on data, the characteristics of it dominates the accuracy of the prediction. And one such characteristic is the information content in the data being used. This information content is classified into redundant information (information of past states in the current state) and new information. The performance of the AI based rainfall prediction depends on the amount of redundant information present in the data being used for training the AI model, more the redundant information (less the new information content) more accurate will be the prediction. Various entropy based measure have been used to quantify the new information content in the data, like permutation entropy, sample entropy, wavelet entropy, etc. This study uses a new measure called the Wavelet Entropy Energy Measure (WEEM). One of the advantages of WEEM is that it considers the dynamics of the process spread across different time scales, which other information measures have not considered explicitly. Since, the dynamics of rainfall is multi-scalar in nature, WEEM is a suitable measure for it. The main goal of this study is to find out the amount of information being generated by INSAT-3D and IMERG rainfall at each time step over the North Eastern Region of India, which will dictate the suitability of the two rainfall product to be used for AI based rainfall prediction.&lt;/p&gt;

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