scholarly journals Designing Functional Fruit-Based Recovery Drinks in Powder Form That Contain Electrolytes, Peptides, Carbohydrates and Prebiotic Fiber Taking into Account Each Component’S Osmo-Lality

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5607
Author(s):  
Anna Sadowska ◽  
Franciszek Świderski ◽  
Klaudia Kulik ◽  
Bożena Waszkiewicz-Robak

High levels of osmolalities have been found in manufactured carbohydrate-based functional drinks that occasionally include added protein; however, fruit components rich in bioactive ingredients have been absent. It has proved difficult to obtain recovery drinks based on natural fruit components that deliver calories and nutrients to the body whilst simultaneously ensuring that the body is adequately hydrated after physical exertion; the problem being that it is difficult to ensure the drinks’ stability at low pH levels and maintain an appropriate sensory quality. This study aims to develop drinks based on natural fruit components that contain added electrolytes, carbohydrates, prebiotic fiber and protein; an improved water and electrolyte balance; the calories needed after intense physical exertion; a high content of nutrients; and a favorable sensory quality. Furthermore, the relationships between regressive osmolalities of beverage components are herein investigated. The study materials were raspberry powders (prepared via fluidized-bed jet milling, drying, freeze-drying and spray-drying) as well as citrated sodium, potassium, magnesium salts, isomaltulose, hydrolyzed collagen, whey protein isolate and prebiotic fiber. The drinks’ polyphenols and antioxidant properties were measured spectrophotometrically, whilst vitamin C content was determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The sensory qualities of each drink were assessed according to a scaling method. Six test versions of recovery drinks were prepared in which osmolalities ranged from 388 to 607 mOsm/kg water, total polyphenol content was 27–49 mg GAE/100 mL and vitamin C level was 8.1–20.6 mg/100 mL, following compositions defined by the study results. It is thus possible to obtain fruit-based recovery drinks of the recommended osmolality that contain added protein, prebiotics and fiber, as well as defined amounts of electrolytes and carbohydrates. All drinks were found to have a satisfactorily sensory quality. The design of appropriate recovery drink compositions was also greatly helped by investigating the relationships among the regressive osmolalities of beverage components (i.e., electrolytes, carbohydrates, fruit powders and protein).

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7663
Author(s):  
Anna Sadowska ◽  
Franciszek Świderski ◽  
Wacław Laskowski

Measuring the osmolality of electrolytes, carbohydrates, and other components that contain them, can be very helpful in the design of functional recovery drinks. This study aimed to develop functional recovery drinks based on natural fruit components with the addition of electrolytes and carbohydrates to improve water and electrolyte balance and provide energy after intense physical exertion, as well as ensuring a high content of bioactive ingredients and being of a good sensory quality. The study material consisted of blackcurrant fruit powders obtained by freeze-drying and spray-drying, along with other components such as electrolytes and carbohydrates. The osmolality of the fruit components was measured in aqueous solutions with concentrations from 2.5 to 10%, as well as electrolytes at 0.1 to 4.0% and carbohydrates from 1 to 30%. The sensory quality of drinks was assessed using a scaling method. The content of polyphenols and antioxidant properties were measured spectrophotometrically and the vitamin C content by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Based on the obtained results, five versions of recovery drinks were prepared of defined compositions. These drinks contained fruit powders ranging from 3 to 7%, glucose at 1 to 5%, sucrose 5%, and added electrolytes ranged 0.1 to 0.2% for NaCl and KCl at 0.025%. Their osmolalities ranged from 401 to 564 mOsm/kg H2O, the total polyphenol content was 43 to 62 mg GAE/100 mL, and vitamin C 26 to 35 mg/100 mL. All drinks possessed satisfactory sensory quality. It was established that it is possible to obtain fruit recovery drinks containing defined amounts of electrolytes, carbohydrates, and osmolality values recommended for this type of drink.


2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. A. Khisamova ◽  
O. A. Gizinger

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.


Author(s):  
Dr. Umesh Teltumbadr

INTRODUCTION:  Diabetes is one of the largest emerging global health problem with 415 million people between the ages of 20 and 70 worldwide estimated as having diabetes in 2015 and Type 2 DM (T2DM) accounts for at least 90% of all cases of diabetes. Vitamin C is naturally present in fruit and vegetables, is often added as a preservative to foods/beverages, and is also used as a dietary supplement. As vitamin C is water-soluble, it has a relatively short half-life in the body due to rapid renal clearance and a regular and adequate intake is required to prevent deficiency. In T2DM patients Vitamin C levels are usually low as blood glucose may compete with vitamin C for uptake into cells due to its structural similarity to the oxidised form, and increased oxidative stress may deplete antioxidant stores. MATERIAL AND METHODS:  A total of 206 T2DM patients were included in the study and were divided randomly in to 2 groups of 103 each. Participant’s demographic and physical activity was noted. Anthropometric data including the body mass index (BMI) and waist and hip circumference were collected. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined in EDTA blood by standard methods. Fasting glucose was measured in blood collected in fluoride oxalate tubes. The vitamin C concentration of the processed samples was determined. Drug (Vitamin C and Placebo) was issued to patients for duration of thirty days at a time all patients were maintained on their usual dietary pattern while limiting their consumption of vitamin C-rich foods throughout the study. RESULTS: Mean age in Vitamin C group was 46.87 ± 6.77while in placebo group it was 42.11 ± 6.46. There were 56 male and 44 female in Vitamin C group. In Placebo group male and female were 60 and 40 respectively. No statistical significance was observed in both the group.At 12 weeks fasting blood sugar levels were decreased by -23.74± 2.74 in patients receiving Vitamin C while in placebo group reduction was -5.44± 3.77. Post meal blood sugar was reduced by -21.72± 2.45in vitamin C group while in placebo it was -8.11± 2.45.CONCLUSION:Supplementation of Vitamin C in T2DM patients can significantly reduce the blood glucose levels and HbA1C levels.


2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
محمودسالم محمدشيت المعاضيدي

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Vitamin C (450 mg/kg diet) and sodium selenite (0.5 mg/kg diet) in adult white Leghorn male chickens (30 weeks of age), whose concomitantly exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) supplemented with drinking water for 6 weeks on reproductive performance. Semen were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 6weeks, The study results showed that hydrogen peroxide treatment caused a significant decrease in the body weight, sperm concentration, mass motility and individual motility during experimental period. Also a decrease in testosterone and testis glutathione concentration at the 6th week of the treatment, accompanied with a significant increase in dead and abnormal sperm percentage, testis malondialdehyde level compared with the control group. Histopathological changes revealed presence of necrosis and sloughing in the epithelial lining of the semineferous tubules and vacuolar degeneration of the supporting cells that fall in the lumen of the semineferous tubules and necrosis of interstitial cells. Vitamin C and sodium selenite with hydrogen peroxide caused a significant increase in body weight, sperm concentration, mass motility and individual motility during the experimental period, testosterone and glutathione level, accompanied with a significant decrease in dead and abnormal sperm percentages and Malondialdehyde level compared with hydrogen peroxide. In addition to the improvement in the histological picture of the semineferous tubules, mitosis germ cells were observed through their arrangement in circular tubules. It was concluded from this study that Vitamin C and Sodium selenite reverse the adverse effects produced by hydrogen peroxide on certain physiological and reproductive aspects in adult male chickens.


Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javad Alizargar ◽  
Chyi-Huey Bai

Background and objectives: Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure is a major cause of atherosclerosis which leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. Insulin resistance (IR) is correlated with HTN and atherosclerosis. To determine differences between the effects of HTN on the intima media thicknesses (IMTs) of the internal (ICA), external (ECA), and common carotid arteries (CCA), and evaluate the carotid plaque presence between hypertensive and normotensive individuals, a case-control study was designed among community-dwelling individuals. The relationship between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and atherosclerosis was also investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Data from 77 hypertensive and 199 normotensive individuals were analyzed in this study. Results: The IMTs of the CCA, ICA, and ECA, and the TyG index were all higher in hypertensive individuals compared to the control group (all p < 0.05). After controlling for age, sex, the body-mass index, and TyG index, HTN was an independent predictor of a high CCA IMT (odds ratio (OR) = 2.48; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.24–4.93) and presence of plaque (OR = 2.36; CI = 1.15–4.85) in the carotid artery. Conclusions: HTN was an independent risk of carotid IMT thickening and atherosclerosis. TyG index could only predict the CCA IMT independent of other risk factors (OR = 2.09; CI = 1.07–4.09).


2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger

Methionine is an indispensable sulfur-containing amino acid that is involved in processes unique to the body: initiation of protein synthesis; methylation process, an adenosine residue is attached to methionine and S-adenosylmethionine is formed; as a result of metabolic reactions, this methyl group is transferred to a number of substrates. In this case, adrenaline, melatonin, creatine, and other amino acids are formed. This article contains a literature review of articles that prove the antioxidant properties of methionine on the cell and the body as a whole. A large amount of literature and databases, such as Pubmed, Google.Scholar, Embase, have been worked out to search for information.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 613-618
Author(s):  
Anjali Ambadas Vagga ◽  
Lata Kanyal Butola ◽  
Shivram G. Khadhe ◽  
Komal Ajay Meshram

BACKGROUND A pandemic is when an infectious disease occurs in different parts of the world simultaneously and quickly spreads from person to person. The pandemic of the 21st century in the entire world is infection with the coronavirus. India now has the world's second-largest number of confirmed cases, next to US, following a recent increase in recorded infections. In case of serious corona infections, the out-ofcontrol immune system ultimately causes the patients' lungs to stop supplying oxygen to the body leading to respiratory failure. In some cases, the malfunctioning immune response in Covid-19 patients can drive the rapid decline in lung function. Symptoms of Covid-19, such as flu (influenza infection) similar to cold, can be avoided or mitigated and are mostly managed by combining a balanced diet with exercise and addition of antioxidants; the most common antioxidant is vitamin C in some form like raw or ripe fruits and vegetables is preferred and supplementations are also advised. Ascorbic acid is best known for its antioxidant properties and can scavenge damaging reactive oxygen species, thus protecting the body's cells and tissues from oxidative harm and dysfunction. However, vitamins also have many other significant body functions, many of which are known to promote good immune function. Vitamin C levels may be reduced during infection, and the demand for vitamin C enhances with the severity of the infection. Consequently, a possible antioxidant therapy may be suggested to get relief from the Covid-19 respiratory infection. An effective immune response relies on an appropriate diet and natural antioxidants, to hold infection at bay. KEY WORDS Natural Antioxidants, Vitamin C, Immunity, Covid-19, Pandemic


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant


Author(s):  
А.С. Казицкая ◽  
Т.К. Ядыкина ◽  
М.С. Бугаева ◽  
А.Г. Жукова ◽  
Н.Н. Михайлова ◽  
...  

В условиях непрерывного воздействия неблагоприятных факторов окружающей и производственной среды на человека особую актуальность приобретает изучение механизмов, поддерживающих гомеостаз организма. Длительное поступление фторидов в организм приводит к формированию хронической фтористой интоксикации, патогенез которой вызывает многочисленные споры и дискуссии. До сих пор недостаточно внимания уделяется изучению висцеральной патологии, обусловленной нарушениями иммунного статуса в условиях воздействия на организм соединений фтора. Практически отсутствуют исследования по изучению иммунной реактивности, определяющей морфофункциональный характер ответной реакции печени на ранних стадиях развития фтористой интоксикации. Цель работы - изучение действий патофизиологических механизмов иммунной реактивности печени при субхроническом действии на организм соединений фтора. Методика. Опыты проведены на 210 лабораторных крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г., разделенных на 2 группы: контрольную (n=80) и группу животных с субхроническим действием фторида натрия (n=130). Экспериментальные животные в течение 12 нед имели свободный доступ к водному раствору фторида натрия (концентрация 10 мг/л, что составляет суточную дозу фтора 1,2 мг/кг массы тела). Для изучения иммунологических и биохимических показателей забирали кровь из хвостовой вены через 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 нед от начала эксперимента. Для оценки состояния гуморального звена иммунитета определяли уровень сывороточных иммуноглобулинов (IgA, IgG, IgM) иммуноферментным анализом с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск). Уровень сывороточных цитокинов: TNF-α, IL-1β, 2, 4, 6, 10 определяли на анализаторе Multiskan EX методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов «Вектор Бест» (Новосибирск). Подсчет общего количества лейкоцитов произведен классическим способом в камере Горяева, анализ лейкоцитарной формулы - в окрашенных мазках периферической крови. Метаболические изменения оценивали по активности ферментов в ткани печени: щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ), аланин- и аспартатаминотрансфераз (АЛТ, АСТ), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутамилтранспептидазы (γ-ГТ). Активность ферментов определяли унифицированными методами с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск) на фотометре PM-750 (Германия). Гистологические исследования печени осуществляли после декапитации крыс, проводимой под эфирным наркозом. Результаты. Показано, что субхроническое воздействие фторида натрия сопровождается формированием внутриклеточных и внутрисосудистых повреждений печени. Активация медиаторов воспаления и развитие иммунологических нарушений в динамике эксперимента способствуют формированию системной воспалительной реакции, которая приводит к появлению стойких морфологических нарушений в печени и изменению активности ферментов основных метаболических путей. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке и проведении профилактических мероприятий в условиях воздействия на организм высоких концентраций фтора с последовательным применением детоксикационной, иммуномодуляторной и органопротекторной коррекции. Studying mechanisms, which maintain the body homeostasis, is particularly important in the conditions of continuous impact of adverse environmental and manufacturing factors. Long-term exposure to fluorides leads to chronic fluoric intoxication, the pathogenesis of which is a subject of multiple controversy and discussions. Not enough attention is still paid to elucidating the visceral pathology associated with fluorine-induced immune disorders. There are virtually no studies of immune reactions that define the morphofunctional nature of the liver response to early stages of fluoric intoxication. Aim. To study pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic immune reactivity in subchronic exposure of the body to fluorine compounds. Methods. Experiments were performed on 210 male rats weighing 180-220 g. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) control (n=80) and 2) subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride (n=130). The rats had free access to a 10 mg/l aqueous solution of sodium fluoride (daily dose, 1.2 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn from the caudal vein at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of the experiment for immunological and biochemical tests. Histological study of the liver was performed after decapitation of rats under ether anesthesia. Results. The subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride was associated with intracellular and intravascular damage of the liver. Activation of inflammatory mediators and development of immunological disorders during the experiment contributed to a systemic inflammatory reaction, which resulted in persistent morphological injuries of the liver and changes in enzyme activities in major metabolic pathways. Conclusion. The study results can be used for development and implementation of preventive measures against the effects of high fluorine concentrations, which would include a successive use of detoxification, immunomodulation and organ protection.


2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger

In the modern world, where a person is exposed to daily stress, increased physical exertion, the toxic effect of various substances, including drugs. The task of modern science is to find antioxidants for the body. These can be additives obtained both synthetically and the active substances that we get daily from food. Such a striking example is turmeric, obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. Recently, it has been known that curcumin has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effect and, thanks to these effects, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in particular, from cancer to autoimmune, neurological, cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. In addition, much attention is paid to increasing the biological activity and physiological effects of curcumin on the body through the synthesis of curcumin analogues. This review discusses the chemical and physical characteristics, analogues, metabolites, the mechanisms of its physiological activity and the effect of curcumin on the body.


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