scholarly journals New Composite Sorbent for Removal of Sulfate Ions from Simulated and Real Groundwater in the Batch and Continuous Tests

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4356
Author(s):  
Waqed Hassan ◽  
Ayad Faisal ◽  
Enas Abed ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari ◽  
Bahaa Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Composite Sorbent ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Scrap Iron ◽  
Set Up

The evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dammam formation, Faddak farm, Karbala Governorate, Iraq proved that the sulfate (SO42−) concentrations have high values; so, this water is not suitable for livestock, poultry and irrigation purposes. For reclamation of this water, manufacturing of new sorbent for permeable reactive barrier was required through precipitation of Mg and Fe hydroxides nanoparticles on the activated carbon (AC) surface with best Mg/Fe molar ratio of 7.5/2.5. Mixture of 50% coated AC and 50% scrap iron was applied to eliminate SO42− from contaminated water with efficiency of 59% and maximum capacity of adsorption equals to 9.5 mg/g for a time period of 1 h, sorbent dosage 40 g/L, and initial pH = 5 at 50 mg/L initial SO42− concentration and 200 rpm shaking speed. Characterization analyses certified that the plantation of Mg and Fe nanoparticles onto AC was achieved. Continuous tests showed that the longevity of composite sorbent is increased with thicker bed and lower influent concentration and flow rate. Computer solution (COMSOL) software was well simulated for continuous measurements. The reclamation of real contaminated groundwater was achieved in column set-up with efficiency of 70% when flow rate was 5 mL/min, bed depth was 50 cm and inlet SO42− concentration was 2301 mg/L.

Mineralization of ammunition wastewater by a micron-size Fe0/O3 process (mFe0/O3)

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (61) ◽  
pp. 55726-55735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaokun Xiong ◽  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Bo Lai ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Yuexi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Micron Size ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Set Up

A micron-size Fe0/O3 process (mFe0/O3) was set up to mineralize the pollutants in ammunition wastewater, and its key operational parameters (e.g., initial pH, ozone flow rate, and mFe0 dosage) were optimized by the batch experiments, respectively.

On the Influence of the Slot Orifice in Diesel Common Rail Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Chiatti ◽  
Ornella Chiavola ◽  
Fulvio Palmieri ◽  
Roberto Pompei
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Set Up

Background:The paper deals with a diesel common rail nozzle in which a novel orifice layout is implemented.Objective:Its influence on the nozzle mechanical-hydraulic behavior and on the spray shape transient development is experimentally investigated.Methods:In the research, a solenoid injector for light duty diesel engines is equipped with the novel nozzle prototype and tested. The prototype layout is described, pointing out the features of the nozzle orifices, in which a Slot cross-section is adopted; the investigation is accomplished extending the hydraulic tests and the spray visualizations to a reference nozzle with standard holes. The influence of the hole layout on the mechanical-hydraulic behavior of the nozzle is assessed by experimental analysis based on the rate of injection measurement, in comparison with the reference nozzle. Once the hydraulic behavior of the novel nozzle has been characterized in terms of mass flow rate, the slot influence on the spray shape is assessed analyzing the macroscopic features such as the penetration distance and the spray angle, in non evaporative conditions. The study is carried out under transient injection conditions, for different injection pressures, up to 1400 bar.Results:The results on spray characteristics also provide reference information to set up spray models suited to take the Slot orifice into account.

scholarly journals UVA-LED Technology’s Treatment Efficiency and Cost in a Competitive Trial Applied to the Photo-Fenton Treatment of Landfill Leachate

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Javier Tejera ◽  
Antonio Gascó ◽  
Daphne Hermosilla ◽  
Víctor Alonso-Gomez ◽  
Carlos Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Radiation Sources ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up

The objective of this trial was to assess the application of UVA-LED technology as an alternative source of irradiation for photo-Fenton processes, aiming to reduce treatment costs and provide a feasible treatment for landfill leachate. An optimized combination of coagulation with ferric chloride followed by photo-Fenton treatment of landfill leachate was optimized. Three different radiation sources were tested, namely, two conventional high-pressure mercury-vapor immersion lamps (100 W and 450 W) and a custom-designed 8 W 365 nm UVA-LED lamp. The proposed treatment combination resulted in very efficient degradation of landfill leachate (COD removal = 90%). The coagulation pre-treatment removed about 70% of the COD and provided the necessary amount of iron for the subsequent photo-Fenton treatment, and it further favored this process by acidifying the solution to an optimum initial pH of 2.8. The 90% removal of color improved the penetration of radiation into the medium and by extension improved treatment efficiency. The faster the Fenton reactions were, as determined by the stoichiometric optimum set-up reaction condition of [H2O2]0/COD0 = 2.125, the better were the treatment results in terms of COD removal and biodegradability enhancement because the chances to scavenge oxidant agents were limited. The 100 W lamp was the least efficient one in terms of final effluent quality and operational cost figures. UVA-LED technology, assessed as the application of an 8 W 365 nm lamp, provided competitive results in terms of COD removal, biodegradability enhancement, and operational costs (35–55%) when compared to the performance of the 450 W conventional lamp.

scholarly journals Condensation/immersion mode ice-nucleating particles in a boreal environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6687-6706
Author(s):  
Mikhail Paramonov ◽  
Saskia Drossaart van Dusseldorp ◽  
Ellen Gute ◽  
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt ◽  
Paavo Heikkilä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Campaign ◽  
Particle Species ◽  
Entire Field ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Regional Sources ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Boreal Environment ◽  
Measurement Location

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particle (INP) measurements were performed in the boreal environment of southern Finland at the Station for Measuring Ecosystem–Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II) in the winter–spring of 2018. Measurements with the Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber (PINC) were conducted at 242 K and 105 % relative humidity with respect to water. The median INP number concentration [INP] during a 6-week measurement period was 13 L−1. The [INP] spanned 3 orders of magnitude and showed a general increase from mid-February until early April. No single dominant local or regional sources of INPs in the boreal environment of southern Finland could be identified. Rather, it is hypothesised that the INPs detected at SMEAR II are a result of long-range transport and dilution of INPs sourced far from the measurement site. Despite high variability, the measured [INP] values fall within the range expected for the [INP] measured elsewhere under similar thermodynamic conditions. The [INP] did not correlate with any of the examined parameters during the entire field campaign, indicating that no one single parameter can be used to predict the [INP] at the measurement location during the examined time period. The absence of a correlation across the entire field campaign also suggests that a variety of particles act as INPs at different times, although it was indirectly determined that ambient INPs are most likely within the size range of 0.1–0.5 µm in diameter on average. On shorter timescales, several particle species correlated well with the [INP]. Depending on the meteorological conditions, black carbon (BC), supermicron biological particles and sub-0.1 µm particles, most likely nanoscale biological fragments such as ice-nucleating macromolecules (INMs), correlated with the INP signal. However, an increase in the concentration of any of these particle species may not necessarily lead to the increase in the [INP]; the reasons for this remain unknown. Limitations of the instrumental set-up and the necessity for future field INP studies are addressed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficiency of a Clay Permeable Reactive Barrier for the Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with 137Cs

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 444-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Torres ◽  
Paloma Gómez ◽  
Antonio Garralón ◽  
Belén Buil ◽  
María J. Turrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Reactive Barrier

Degradation of chlorpyriphos in water by advanced oxidation processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Murillo ◽  
J. Sarasa ◽  
M. Lanao ◽  
J. L. Ovelleiro
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Initial Ph

The degradation of chlorpyriphos by different advanced oxidation processes such as photo-Fenton, TiO2, TiO2/H2O2, O3 and O3/H2O2 was investigated. The photo-Fenton and TiO2 processes were optimized using a solar chamber as light source. The optimum dosages of the photo-Fenton treatment were: [H2O2]=0.01 M; [Fe3 + ]=10 mg l−1; initial pH = 3.5. With these optimum conditions total degradation was observed after 15 minutes of reaction time. The application of sunlight was also efficient as total degradation was achieved after 60 minutes. The optimum dosage using only TiO2 as catalyst was 1,000 mg l−1, obtaining the maximum degradation at 20 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, the addition of 0.02 M of H2O2 to a lower dosage of TiO2 (10 mg l−1) provides the same degradation. The ozonation treatment achieved complete degradation at 30 minutes of reaction time. On the other hand, it was observed that the degradation was faster by adding H2O2 (H2O2/O3 molar ratio = 0.5). In this case, total degradation was observed after 20 minutes.

scholarly journals Continuous Production of Lipase-Catalyzed Biodiesel in a Packed-Bed Reactor: Optimization and Enzyme Reuse Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Ching Chen ◽  
Hen-Yi Ju ◽  
Tsung-Ta Wu ◽  
Yung-Chuan Liu ◽  
Chih-Chen Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed Reactor ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
System Response ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Molar Conversion

An optimal continuous production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil in a packed-bed reactor was developed using immobilized lipase (Novozym 435) as a catalyst in atert-butanol solvent system. Response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design were employed to evaluate the effects of reaction temperature, flow rate, and substrate molar ratio on the molar conversion of biodiesel. The results showed that flow rate and temperature have significant effects on the percentage of molar conversion. On the basis of ridge max analysis, the optimum conditions were as follows: flow rate 0.1 mL/min, temperature52.1∘C, and substrate molar ratio 1 : 4. The predicted and experimental values of molar conversion were83.31±2.07% and82.81±.98%, respectively. Furthermore, the continuous process over 30 days showed no appreciable decrease in the molar conversion. The paper demonstrates the applicability of using immobilized lipase and a packed-bed reactor for continuous biodiesel synthesis.

Hydraulic performance of a permeable reactive barrier at Casey Station, Antarctica

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Mumford ◽  
J.L. Rayner ◽  
I. Snape ◽  
G.W. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Casey Station
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