scholarly journals Comparison of Resveratrol Supplementation and Energy Restriction Effects on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity and Vascular Reactivity: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3168
Author(s):  
Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho ◽  
Alessandra Roggerio ◽  
Marisa Fernandes da Silva Goes ◽  
Solange Desirée Avakian ◽  
Dalila Pinheiro Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Sympathetic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Flow Mediated Vasodilation

Background: Chronic sympathetic nervous system activation is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiometabolic disease, which may be modulated by resveratrol (RSV) and energy restriction (ER). This study aimed to examine the effects of RSV and ER on plasma noradrenaline (NA), flow-mediated vasodilation (ed-FMD), and endothelium-independent nitrate-mediated vasodilation (ei-NMD). Methods: The study included 48 healthy adults randomized to 30-days intervention of RSV or ER. Results: Waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, apoA-I, and plasma NA decreased in the ER group, whilst RSV increased apoB and total cholesterol, without changing plasma NA. No effects on vascular reactivity were observed in both groups. Plasma NA change was positively correlated with total cholesterol (r = 0.443; p = 0.002), triglycerides (r = 0.438; p = 0.002), apoA-I (r = 0.467; p = 0.001), apoB (r = 0.318; p = 0.032) changes, and ei-NMD (OR = 1.294; 95%CI: 1.021–1.640). Conclusions: RSV does not improve cardiometabolic risk factors, sympathetic activity, and endothelial function. ER decreases plasma NA and waist circumference as well as improves blood lipids, but does not modify endothelial function. Finally, plasma NA was associated with ei-NMD, which could be attributed to a higher response to nitrate in patients with greater resting sympathetic vasoconstriction.

scholarly journals Relationships of Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo ◽  
Gavin W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Human obesity, hypertension, and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity are mainly mediated via the β2, and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. β-adrenoceptor polymorphisms have also been associated with adrenoceptor desensitization, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, and enhanced sympathetic nervous activity. Many epidemiological studies have shown strong relationships between adrenoceptor polymorphisms and obesity, but the observations have been discordant. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in obesity.

scholarly journals Roles of Beta2- and Beta3-Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms in Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuko Masuo
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activation

Hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus), metabolic syndrome and obesity are rapidly growing public health problems. Sympathetic nerve activation is observed in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, which have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity have been mainly mediated via the 2- and 3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, 2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. Genetic polymorphistns of the -adrenoceptor gene have been shown to alter the function of several adrenoceptor subtypes and thus to modify the response to catecholamine. 2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms (Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile) have been studied in relation to hypertension. Genetic variations in the 3-adrenoceptor (i.e. Try64Arg variant) are also associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the precise relationships of the polymorphisms of 2- and 3-adrenoceptor genes with sympathetic nervous system activity, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome have not been fully clarified. This paper will discuss the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and 2- and 3- adrenoceptor polymorphisms in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Clinical Relevance of the Sympathetic–Vascular Interactions in Health and Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Fosca Quarti-Trevano ◽  
Gino Seravalle ◽  
Guido Grassi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Relevant Factors

The sympathetic nervous system is known to play a pivotal role in the short- and long-term regulation of different cardiovascular functions. In recent decades, increasing evidence has demonstrated that sympathetic neural influences are involved not only in the vasomotor modulation of small resistance arteries but also in the control of large arteries. Sympathetic activity and vascular function, which are key factors in the pathophysiology and prognosis of cardiovascular disease, are linked by a close relationship. Evidence from experimental studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is critically influenced, at the central and also at the peripheral level, by the most relevant factors regulating vascular function, namely nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and endothelin. Additionally, there is evidence of a reciprocal influence between endothelial function and sympathetic mechanisms. This paper will provide an overview of the relationships between endothelial function and the sympathetic nervous system characterizing physiological states. It will also briefly mention the alterations described in cardiovascular disease, with particular emphasis on essential hypertension and congestive heart failure, i.e., the two pathological states in which endothelial dysfunction and neuroadrenergic activation appear to be relevant factors for determining cardiovascular prognosis.

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