scholarly journals Effects of Essential Oils of Elettaria cardamomum Grown in India and Guatemala on Gram-Negative Bacteria and Gastrointestinal Disorders

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2546
Author(s):  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Najeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Mohd Nazam Ansari ◽  
Amber Hanif Palla
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
High K ◽  
Gastrointestinal Activity

The present study examined the chemical composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activity of the essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton harvested in India (EC-I) and Guatemala (EC-G). Monoterpenes were present in higher concentration in EC-I (83.24%) than in EC-G (73.03%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in a higher concentration in EC-G (18.35%) than in EC-I (9.27%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in EC-G and EC-I, respectively, whereas MICs of 1 and 0.5 mg/mL were demonstrated against Escherichia coli in EC-G and EC-I, respectively. The treatment with control had the highest kill-time potential, whereas the treatment with oils had shorter kill-time. EC-I was observed to be more potent in the castor oil-induced diarrhea model than EC-G. At 100 and 200 mg/kg, P.O., EC-I exhibited 40% and 80% protection, respectively, and EC-G exhibited 20% and 60% protection, respectively, in mice, whereas loperamide (10 mg/kg, i.p., positive control) exhibited 100% protection. In the in vitro experiments, EC-I inhibited both carbachol (CCh, 1 µM) and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions at significantly lower concentrations than EC-G. Thus, EC-I significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa and E. coli and exhibited more potent antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects than EC-G.

scholarly journals Effects of Essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum Grown in India and Guatemala on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Gastrointestinal Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab Alam ◽  
Najeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Mohd Nazam Ansari ◽  
Amber Palla
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum ◽  
High K ◽  
Gastrointestinal Activity

The present study examined the volatile composition and antimicrobial and gastrointestinal activity of the essential oils of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton harvested in India (EC-I) and Guatemala (EC-G). Monoterpene were present in higher concentration in EC-I (83.24%) than in EC-G (73.03%), whereas sesquiterpenes were present in higher concentration in EC-G (18.35%) than in EC-I (9.27%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in EC-I and EC-G, respectively, whereas MICs of 0.125 and 1 mg/mL were demonstrated against Escherichia coli in EC-I and EC-G, respectively. The treatment with control had the highest kill-time potential, whereas the treatment with oils had shorter kill-time. EC-I was found to be more potent in the castor oil-induced diarrhoea model than EC-G. At 100 and 200 mg/kg, EC-I exhibited 40% and 80% protection, respectively, and EC-G exhibited 20% and 60% protection, respectively, in mice, whereas loperamide (positive control) exhibited 100% protection. In the in vitro experiments, EC-I inhibited both carbachol (CCh, 1 µM) and high K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions at significantly lower concentrations than EC-G. Thus, EC-I significantly inhibited P. aeruginosa and E. coli and exhibited more potent antidiarrheal and antispasmodic effects than EC-G.

scholarly journals Interaction of Antimicrobial Peptide Temporin L with Lipopolysaccharide In Vitro and in Experimental Rat Models of Septic Shock Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 2478-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacometti ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
Roberto Ghiselli ◽  
Federico Mocchegiani ◽  
Fiorenza Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Amphibian Skin ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, despite intense efforts to improve survival. The primary lead for septic shock results from activation of host effector cells by endotoxin, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) associated with cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. For these reasons, the quest for compounds with antiendotoxin properties is actively pursued. We investigated the efficacy of the amphibian skin antimicrobial peptide temporin L in binding Escherichia coli LPS in vitro and counteracting its effects in vivo. Temporin L strongly bound to purified E. coli LPS and lipid A in vitro, as proven by fluorescent displacement assay, and readily penetrated into E. coli LPS monolayers. Furthermore, the killing activity of temporin L against E. coli was progressively inhibited by increasing concentrations of LPS added to the medium, further confirming the peptide's affinity for endotoxin. Antimicrobial assays showed that temporin L interacted synergistically with the clinically used β-lactam antibiotics piperacillin and imipenem. Therefore, we characterized the activity of temporin L when combined with imipenem and piperacillin in the prevention of lethality in two rat models of septic shock, measuring bacterial growth in blood and intra-abdominal fluid, endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations in plasma, and lethality. With respect to controls and single-drug treatments, the simultaneous administration of temporin L and β-lactams produced the highest antimicrobial activities and the strongest reduction in plasma endotoxin and TNF-α levels, resulting in the highest survival rates.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Acute Toxicity of Five Citrus spp. Essential Oils towards the Parasitic Mite Varroa destructor

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Roberto Bava ◽  
Fabio Castagna ◽  
Cristian Piras ◽  
Ernesto Palma ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Citrus Spp

Varroa destructor is the most important ectoparasitic mite of honey bees that has a negative impact on bee health and honey production. The control programs are mainly based on the use of synthetic acaricides that are often administered indiscriminately. All this has led to drug resistance that now represent a great concern for honey bee farming. The research for alternative products/methods for mites’ control is now mandatory. The aim of this study was to test whether Citrus spp. essential oils could diminish the growth of the V. destructor mite. In Calabria (southern Italy), plants of the Citrus genus are very common and grow both spontaneously and cultured. The essential oils used in this study were extracted from bergamot (Citrus bergamia), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), lemon (Citrus limon), orange (Citrus sinensis), and mandarin (Citrus reticulata) by hydrodistillation. Every EO was in vitro tested against V. destructor. Each experimental replicate was performed using 35 viable adult female mites (5 for each EO) collected the same day from the same apiary and included negative controls (5 individuals exposed to acetone only) and positive controls (5 individuals exposed to Amitraz diluted in acetone). The essential oils (Eos) were diluted (0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL) in HPLC grade acetone to obtain the working solution to be tested (50 µL/tube). Mite mortality was manually assessed after 1 h exposure under controlled conditions. The essential oils that showed the best effectiveness at 0.5 mg/mL were bergamot, which neutralized (dead + inactivated) 80% (p ≤ 0.001) of the parasites; grapefruit, which neutralized 70% (p ≤ 0.001); and lemon, which neutralized 69% of them. Interestingly, the positive control (Amitraz) at the same concentration neutralized 60% of the parasites. These results demonstrate that Calabrian bergamot, grapefruit, and lemon Eos consistently reduced V. destructor viability and open the possibility for their utilization to control this parasite in honey bee farming.

scholarly journals Effective Management of Cucumber Powdery Mildew with Essential Oils

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Yasser S. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed Hashem ◽  
Ali M. Alshehri ◽  
Saad Alamri ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Cucumber Powdery Mildew

This research evaluated the efficacy of essential oils in the management of cucumber powdery mildew. Essential oils of lemongrass, lemon, thyme, peppermint, abundance blend, purification blend, and thieves blend were tested in vitro and under greenhouse conditions in two separate experiments. The effects of essential oils were tested against powdery mildew disease at concentrations of 1.0–2.5 mL/L, and the consequent impact of the oils on plant growth was evaluated. Powdery mildew fungus, Podosphaera xanthii, was identified using sequencing of the ITS region. The essential oils significantly reduced disease incidence up to 77.3% compared with the positive control (p < 0.5). Moreover, the essential oils increased the plant length (up to 187 cm), leaf area (up to 27.5 cm2), fresh weight (up to 123 g), dry weight (up to 22.5 g), number of flowers (16.3), and metabolite content compared with the positive control (p < 0.5). Cell membrane injury decreased significantly in the oil-treated pants (p < 0.5), indicating the protective effect of essential oils. This study recommends the application of essential oils in an appropriate dose (2.5 mL/L) to protect cucumber plants against powdery mildew. Overdose of the oils (more than 2.5 mL/L) should be avoided due to adverse effects.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Prunus armeniaca L. and P. domestica L. Leaf Essential Oils as Antioxidant and of Cholinesterases Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonesi ◽  
Maria Tenuta ◽  
Monica Loizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Rosa Tundis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrycholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Prunus armeniaca and P. domestica in relation to their composition, analysed by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, at different times. Moreover, considering the role of free radicals in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, the antioxidant properties of essential oils were investigated by using, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching tests. The relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI) was used to achieve more comprehensive comparison between analysed antioxidant effects of essential oils. P. armeniaca oils were more active than P. domestica oils against AChE. Against BChE, the most active was the essential oil from P. domestica leaves collected in August with an IC50 value of 95.80 μg/mL. This oil exerted the highest inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 11.15 and 11.39 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. All samples demonstrated a remarkable ABTS radicals scavenging activity, with IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.57 μg/mL in comparison to the positive control, ascorbic acid.

Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. from Iran

2005 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Sonboli ◽  
Fereshteh Eftekhar ◽  
Morteza Yousefzadi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Kanani
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Two Samples

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from two samples (GP1 and GP2) of Grammosciadium platycarpum Boiss. was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The analysis of the oils resulted in the identification of twenty-two constituents. Linalool (79.0% - GP1, 81.8% - GP2) and limonene (10.0%, 5.8%) were found to be the major components, respectively. The in vitro antibacterial activities of these oils and their main compounds against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. The results exhibited that the total oils and their major components possess strong to moderate activities against all the tested bacteria except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Volatile Oils ofNepeta tenuifolia(Jing Jie) as an Alternative Medicine against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Microbes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Lee ◽  
Chao-Min Wang ◽  
Po-Yu Liu ◽  
Ching-Chang Cheng ◽  
Zong-Yen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Reference Strains

Essential oils from the dried spikes ofNepeta tenuifolia(Benth) are obtained by steam distillation. Pulegone was identified as the main component in the spikes ofN. tenuifoliathrough analysis, with greater than 85% purity obtained in this study. The essential oils are extremely active against all Gram-positive and some Gram-negative reference bacteria, particularlySalmonella enterica,Citrobacter freundii, andEscherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be between 0.08 and 0.78% (againstS. enterica), 0.39 and 0.78% (againstC. freundii), and 0.097 and 0.39% (againstE. coli), whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration varied in range from 0.097% to 1.04%. In general, the essential oils show a strong inhibitory action against all tested reference strains and clinical isolates. However, the antibacterial activity of EOs against bothPseudomonas aeruginosareference strains and clinical isolates was relatively lower than other Gram-negative pathogens. The essential oils ofN. tenuifoliaalso displayed bactericidal activities (MBC/MIC < 4) in this study. These findings reflect the bactericidal activity of the essential oils against a wide range of multidrug-resistant clinical pathogens in an in vitro study. In addition, we propose the fragmentation pathways of pulegone and its derivatives by LC-ESI-MS/MS in this study.

Synthesis and in vitro Biological Activity of New 4,6-Disubstituted 3(2H)-Pyridazinone-acetohydrazide Derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Murat Sukuroglu ◽  
Tijen Onkol ◽  
Fatma Kaynak Onurdağ ◽  
Gulsen Akalın ◽  
M. Fethi Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Pyridazinone Derivatives

New 3(2H)-pyridazinone derivatives containing a N’-benzyliden-acetohydrazide moiety at position 2 were synthesized. The structures of these newly synthesized compounds were confi rmed by IR, 1H NMR, and MS data. These compounds were tested for their antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and cytotoxic activities. The compounds 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)- 6-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxo-(2H)-pyridazin-2-yl]-N’-(4-tert-butylbenzyliden)acetohydrazide and 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(morpholin-4-yl)-3-oxo-(2H)-pyridazin-2-yl]-N’-(4-chlorobenzyliden) acetohydrazide exhibited activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Most of the compounds were active against E. coli ATCC 35218. The preliminary results of this study revealed that some target compounds exhibited promising antimicrobial activities

scholarly journals Trends in the Susceptibility of Clinically Important Resistant Bacteria to Tigecycline: Results from the TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan Study, 2006 to 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hsu Chen ◽  
Po-Liang Lu ◽  
Cheng-Hua Huang ◽  
Chun-Hsing Liao ◽  
Chin-Te Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Important Drug

ABSTRACTThe TigecyclineIn VitroSurveillance in Taiwan (TIST) study, a nationwide, prospective surveillance during 2006 to 2010, collected a total of 7,793 clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) (n= 1,834), penicillin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP) (n= 423), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) (n= 219), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coli(n= 1,141), ESBL-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae(n= 1,330),Acinetobacter baumannii(n= 1,645), andStenotrophomonas maltophilia(n= 903), from different specimens from 20 different hospitals in Taiwan. MICs of tigecycline were determined following the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST-2011). Among drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, all of the PRSP isolates were susceptible to tigecycline (MIC90, 0.03 μg/ml), and only one MRSA isolate (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) and three VRE isolates (MIC90, 0.125 μg/ml) were nonsusceptible to tigecycline. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, the tigecycline susceptibility rates were 99.65% for ESBL-producingE. coli(MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml) and 96.32% for ESBL-producingK. pneumoniae(MIC90, 2 μg/ml) when interpreted by FDA criteria but were 98.7% and 85.8%, respectively, when interpreted by EUCAST-2011 criteria. The susceptibility rate forA. baumannii(MIC90, 4 μg/ml) decreased from 80.9% in 2006 to 55.3% in 2009 but increased to 73.4% in 2010. A bimodal MIC distribution was found among carbapenem-susceptibleA. baumanniiisolates, and a unimodal MIC distribution was found among carbapenem-nonsusceptibleA. baumanniiisolates. In Taiwan, tigecycline continues to have excellentin vitroactivity against several major clinically important drug-resistant bacteria, with the exception ofA. baumannii.

scholarly journals A Campylobacter jejuni znuA Orthologue Is Essential for Growth in Low-Zinc Environments and Chick Colonization

2008 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 1631-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Davis ◽  
Tsutomu Kakuda ◽  
Victor J. DiRita
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Transport System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Abc Transport ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis

ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni infection is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and is acquired primarily through the ingestion of contaminated poultry products. Here, we describe the C. jejuni orthologue of ZnuA in other gram-negative bacteria. ZnuA (Cj0143c) is the periplasmic component of a putative zinc ABC transport system and is encoded on a zinc-dependent operon with Cj0142c and Cj0141c, which encode the other two likely components of the transport system of C. jejuni. Transcription of these genes is zinc dependent. A mutant lacking Cj0143c is growth deficient in zinc-limiting media, as well as in the chick gastrointestinal tract. The protein is glycosylated at asparagine 28, but this modification is dispensable for zinc-limited growth and chick colonization. Affinity-purified FLAG-tagged Cj0143c binds zinc in vitro. Based on our findings and on its homology to E. coli ZnuA, we conclude that Cj0143c encodes the C. jejuni orthologue of ZnuA.

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