scholarly journals Mentha pulegium L.: A Plant Underestimated for Its Toxicity to Be Recovered from the Perspective of the Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Lucia Caputo ◽  
Laura Cornara ◽  
Francesco Maria Raimondo ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo ◽  
Stefano Vanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

The aim of the study was to investigate the micromorphology of Mentha pulegium leaves and flowers harvested in three different Sicilian (Italy) areas with peculiar pedo-climatic conditions, and to characterize the phytochemical profile, the phytotoxic activity, and the eco-compatibility of their essential oils (EOs) for potential use as safe bioherbicides. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted that M. pulegium indumentum consists of non-glandular and glandular trichomes of different types. Peltate trichomes of plants from the different sites showed few significant differences in dimension and abundance, but they were characterized by a surprisingly high number of secretory cells both in leaves and flowers. Phytochemical analyses showed that oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant class in all the EOs investigated (92.2–97.7%), but two different chemotypes, pulegone/isomenthone and piperitone/isomenthone, were found. The complex of morphological and phytochemical data indicates that soil salinity strongly affects the expression of the toxic metabolite pulegone, rather than the EO yield. Phytotoxicity tests showed a moderate activity of EOs against the selected species as confirmed by α-amylase assay. Moreover, the low toxicity on brine shrimp provided a rationale for the possible use of investigated EOs as eco-friendly herbicides.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and ultrastructure of trichomes of Libyan Salvia fruticosa Mill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheef Al ◽  
Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Marija Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Short Stalk ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.

scholarly journals Histochemical Investigation and Kinds of Alkaloids in Leaves of Different Developmental Stages inThymus quinquecostatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Jing ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Histochemical Investigation ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Thymus quinquecostatus, with more medical value, is a kind of wild plants. In order to exploit and utilize this plant, we studied the species and locations of alkaloids in its leaves. In this paper, histochemical study of leaves at different developing stages was taken to localize the alkaloids. Meanwhile, the kinds and content of alkaloids in leaves were identified using GC-MS technique. It was found that there were two kinds of glandular trichomes, namely, peltate trichomes and capitate trichomes, on the surface of leaves, and their secretory cells could secrete alkaloids. Results showed that trichomes could secrete alkaloids as soon as the first pair of leaves formed, and there were altogether 18 kinds of alkaloids identified by GC-MS. Nearly all of these alkaloids of leaves at different developing stages were distinct from each other, except one, 3-methoxy-a-methyl-benzeneethanamine, persists at different developing stages with high concentration.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Ana Alimpic ◽  
Petar Marin ◽  
Sheef Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

scholarly journals Plakinamine P, A Steroidal Alkaloid with Bactericidal Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodrigues Felix ◽  
Jill C. Roberts ◽  
Priscilla L. Winder ◽  
Rashmi Gupta ◽  
M. Cristina Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Position ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Steroidal Alkaloid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Data ◽  
Resonance Data ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The Common ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Discovery Pipeline

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to infectious disease worldwide. There is an urgent need for more effective compounds against this pathogen to control the disease. Investigation of the anti-mycobacterial activity of a deep-water sponge of the genus Plakina revealed the presence of a new steroidal alkaloid of the plakinamine class, which we have given the common name plakinamine P. Its structure is most similar to plakinamine L, which also has an acyclic side chain. Careful dissection of the nuclear magnetic resonance data, collected in multiple solvents, suggests that the dimethyl amino group at the 3 position is in an equatorial rather than axial position unlike previously reported plakinamines. Plakinamine P was bactericidal against M. tuberculosis, and exhibited moderate activity against other mycobacterial pathogens, such as M. abscessus and M. avium. Furthermore, it had low toxicity against J774 macrophages, yielding a selectivity index (SI, or IC50/MIC) of 8.4. In conclusion, this work provides a promising scaffold to the tuberculosis drug discovery pipeline. Future work to determine the molecular target of this compound may reveal a pathway essential for M. tuberculosis survival during infection.

scholarly journals In-vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic and toxic effect of Ageratum houstonianum from Chitwan district Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Khaga Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity

 Medicinal plants are safe and the oldest natural products used for many years to conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases. The active chemical compounds formed during secondary vegetal metabolism is usually responsible for the biological properties of some plant species used throughout the world for various purposes including treatment of diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases etc. The present study was undertaken to analyze the phytochemicals by colour differentiation method, to evaluate the toxic effect by phytotoxic assay, antidiabetic activity by α amylase enzyme inhibition and antioxidant potential by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Ageratum houstonianum. Treatment of problem in carbohydrate uptake needed the inhibition of α-amylase plays a role in the digestion of polysaccharide and glycogen, is made a strategy for controlling diabetes. For this study whole plant was collected, dried and the powder was made. The extraction was carried out by cold percolation in which methanol was used as a solvent. The methanolic extract was subjected to In-vitro phytotoxic activity by adopting the standard protocol. The α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity of plant extract was carried out by using starch as substrate, pancreatic α amylase as the enzyme, and acarbose as standard. The result of in-vitro phytotoxic bioassay revealed that the plant extract showed moderate activity with percentage growth regulation 80 and 25 percent in a concentration-dependent manner. The α-amylase enzyme inhibition was 74.13 to 99.39 percent in a dose-dependent manner. The antioxidant potential of Ageratum houstonianum extract showed mild activity with IC50 123.67 μg/ml as compared to the standard ascorbic acid IC50 5.38 μg/ ml. It is concluded from the present study that Ageratum houstonianum could be used as a natural source to isolate antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic agent, herbicide and weedicide as it shows a good α amylase inhibition, radical scavenging and phytotoxic activity respectively.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

scholarly journals Structure of the floral parts of Crocus vernus (L.) Hill.

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Mirosława Chwil
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flower Stem ◽  
Significant Length ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

In the climatic conditions of Lublin, <i>Crocus vernus</i> blooms from the third decade of March until the third decade of April. The flowers live for 3-4 days. Micromorphological investigations of the tepals and perianth tube as well as of the stamens and pistil were carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The anatomical features of the perianth segments and flower stem were examined with the use of light and fluorescence microscopy. Pollen grains were observed under a light microscope. It was found that the adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells formed papillae in the middle and lower part of the tepals. Much smaller papillae are formed in the upper region of the perianth tube. Elongated non-glandular and glandular trichomes, with spherical protrusions at the tip, are found at the base of the filaments. The filaments are distinguished by epidermal cells with a longitudinally striated cuticle and by the presence of papillae of varying number and size. The cylindrical papillae on the stigma of the pistil are covered by a wrinkled cuticle. The style is surrounded by the perianth tube along a significant length. A narrow space is formed between these organs, and it is filled by the nectar. Stylar channels are found in the style. We observed calcium oxalate crystals and numerous plastids in the parenchymal cells surrounding these channels. Inaperturate, spherical pollen grains are covered by numerous tryphine (or pollenkitt) droplets. This paper also discusses the functions of the papillae found in the epidermis of the perianth and filaments.

scholarly journals Structure and distribution of glandular trichomes in three species of Bignoniaceae

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabíola Fernandes Paiva de Castro FRÓES ◽  
Thália do Socorro Serra GAMA ◽  
Ana Carla FEIO ◽  
Diego DEMARCO ◽  
Ana Cristina Andrade de AGUIAR-DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Nodal Region ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Glandular trichomes play a major role in the morphological characterization of the Bignoniaceae. Due to their great diversity of forms and functions, this study aimed to inventory the glandular trichomes present in the aerial vegetative axis of Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata and Stizophyllum riparium, analyze their structure and register the participation of ants in these plants. Fresh samples from the nodal region, petiole and from medium to apical regions of the leaflet blade were fixed and processed according to usual methods in light and scanning electron microscopies. The glandular trichomes found were: peltate, capitate, stipitate, and patelliform/cupular. Peltate trichomes are the most abundant ones and present the most uniform distribution. Patelliform/cupular trichomes occur at specific regions, such as prophylls, leaflet blade and nodal regions. Martinella obovata is the only species that presents capitate and stipitate trichomes, which are widely distributed along the entire aerial vegetative axis. Ants were found in all species, mainly at nodal regions. The occurrence of the capitate-type trichome is reported for the first time to the genus.

Micromorphological traits and essential oil of Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (Lamiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
Dalibor Ballian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

AbstractMicromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (syn. M. parviflora (Vis.) Rchb.) is an endemic Illyric-Balkan plant species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. We investigated types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, and chemical composition of essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS) in M. longipedunculata. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, two or three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, the calyx, corolla, and the stem. The pollen grains had six apertures which were set in the equatorial pollen belt and showed medium reticulate ornamentation. A phytochemical analysis of essential oils from four different localities is characterized by similar chemical composition with spathulenol (23.7–39.5%), piperitone oxide (7.7–12.1%) and piperitone (7.3–8.9%) as the major compounds.

Isolation of secretory cells from plant glandular trichomes and their use in biosynthetic studies of monoterpenes and other gland products

1992 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gershenzon ◽  
David McCaskill ◽  
Jean I.M. Rajaonarivony ◽  
Charles Mihaliak ◽  
Frank Karp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Biosynthetic Studies
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