scholarly journals Micromorphology and histochemistry of leaf trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca (Lamiaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Ana Alimpic ◽  
Petar Marin ◽  
Sheef Al ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Trichome

We performed a comprehensive study of trichomes considering the medicinal importance of the essential oils produced in glandular trichomes of Salvia aegyptiaca L. and lack of data about leaf trichome characteristics. Micromorphological and histochemical analyses of the trichomes of S. aegyptiaca were carried out using light and scanning electron microscopy. We report that the leaves contained abundant non-glandular unbranched trichomes and two types of glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate, on both leaf surfaces. The abaxial leaf side was covered with numerous peltate and capitate trichomes, while capitate trichomes were more abundant on the adaxial leaf side, where peltate trichomes were rarely observed. The non-glandular trichomes were unicellular papillae and multicellular, uniseriate, two-to-six-celled, erect or slightly leaning toward the epidermis. Peltate trichomes were composed of a basal cell, a short cylindrical stalk cell and a broad head of eight secretory cells arranged in a single circle. Capitate trichomes consisted of a one-celled glandular head, subtended by a stalk of variable length, and classified into two types: capitate trichomes type I (or short-stalked glandular trichomes) and capitate trichomes type II (or long-stalked glandular trichomes). Histochemical tests showed that the secreted material in all types of S. aegyptiaca glandular trichomes was of a complex nature. Positive reactions to lipids for both types of glandular trichomes were obtained, with especially abundant secretion observed in peltate and capitate trichomes type II.

scholarly journals Micromorphology and ultrastructure of trichomes of Libyan Salvia fruticosa Mill.

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheef Al ◽  
Sonja Duletic-Lausevic ◽  
Dusica Janosevic ◽  
Snezana Budimir ◽  
Marija Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Short Stalk ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Large Round ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Micromorphological and ultrastructural analyses of the leaf trichomes of Salvia fruticosa Mill. were performed by light and electron microscopy. The leaves bear numerous non-glandular unbranched trichomes, and peltate, capitate and digitiform glandular trichomes. Very elongated flagelliform non-glandular trichomes densely covered the leaf surfaces, with especially abundance on the leaf margins. Peltate trichomes consist of a basal epidermal cell, a very short stalk cell and a large round head of eight secretory cells arranged in a circle. Capitate trichomes can be divided into two main types, short-stalked and long-stalked, and further into five subtypes according to the number of stalk cells, morphology and number of glandular head cells. Digitiform trichomes consist of one basal cell, one or two stalk cells and one apical secretory cell, which are of similar diameter and approximately equal length.

scholarly journals Histochemical Investigation and Kinds of Alkaloids in Leaves of Different Developmental Stages inThymus quinquecostatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Jing ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Histochemical Investigation ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes

Thymus quinquecostatus, with more medical value, is a kind of wild plants. In order to exploit and utilize this plant, we studied the species and locations of alkaloids in its leaves. In this paper, histochemical study of leaves at different developing stages was taken to localize the alkaloids. Meanwhile, the kinds and content of alkaloids in leaves were identified using GC-MS technique. It was found that there were two kinds of glandular trichomes, namely, peltate trichomes and capitate trichomes, on the surface of leaves, and their secretory cells could secrete alkaloids. Results showed that trichomes could secrete alkaloids as soon as the first pair of leaves formed, and there were altogether 18 kinds of alkaloids identified by GC-MS. Nearly all of these alkaloids of leaves at different developing stages were distinct from each other, except one, 3-methoxy-a-methyl-benzeneethanamine, persists at different developing stages with high concentration.

scholarly journals Calicinal trichomes of Adenocalymma magnificum (Bignoniaceae) producing lipophilic substances: ultrastructural and functional aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thália Do Socorro Serra Gama ◽  
Diego Demarco ◽  
Ana Cristina Andrade de Aguiar-Dias
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Lipophilic Substances

<p class="Normal1">Plant structures that secrete lipids and phenolic compounds are often associated with the protection and development of organs against desiccation, in addition to the protection they provide against animals, as the capitate trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>. Understanding the glandular activities that occur in these trichomes has required the study of their ontogeny, structure, ultrastructure and histochemical aspects; the interpretation of their ecological functions or evolutionary history is complicated by the scarcity of reports on calicinal trichomes that are not nectar-secreting. Samples of floral calyx in anthesis and flower buds at different stages of development were fixed and processed according to the methods for light and electron microscopy. The trichomes are randomly distributed throughout the entire inner surface of the calyx and are also visible on the flower buds. These capitate glandular trichomes were composed of a peduncle, having up to nine cells, and a multicellular secretory head with their cells in columnar format and arranged in disc form. The collar cell, which is under the secretory head, divides anticlinally and arranges itself side by side with the mother cell. As they develop, they bend with some of them becoming adpressed to the calyx. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretory head cells produce lipid substances, acidic lipids and phenolic compounds. In the secretory head, the vacuome is dispersed and the cytoplasm possesses a great number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and leucoplasts, organelles involved in the production of osmiophilic substances. In some regions of the secretory cells, cuticle detachment was observed; however, the accumulation of secretions was not observed. This study describes, for the first time, the origin, development, and secretion process of the calicinal trichomes of <em>Adenocalymma magnificum</em>, showing that production of lipophilic substances is important for this plant, possibly the trichomes may be involved in the plant’s chemical defense against insects, offering protection against herbivores.</p>

scholarly journals Glandular Trichomes and Essential Oil ofThymus quinquecostatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jia ◽  
Hanzhu Liu ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Hua Xin
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space ◽  
Stem Leaf

The distribution and types of glandular trichomes and essential oil chemistry ofThymus quinquecostatuswere studied. The glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of stem, leaf, rachis, calyx and corolla, except petiole, pistil and stamen. Three morphologically distinct types of glandular trichomes are described. Peltate trichomes, consisting of a basal cell, a stalk cell and a 12-celled head, are distributed on the stem, leaf, corolla and outer side of calyx. Capitate trichomes, consisting of a unicellular base, a 1–2-celled stalk and a unicellular head, are distributed more diffusely than peltate ones, existing on stem, leaf, rachis and calyx. Digitiform trichomes are just distributed on the outer side of corolla, consisting of 1 basal cell, 3 stalk cells and 1 head cell. All three types of glandular trichomes can secrete essential oil, and in small capitate trichomes of rachis, all peltate trichomes and digitiform trichomes, essential oil is stored in a large subcuticular space, released by cuticle rupture, whereas, in other capitate trichomes, essential oil crosses the thin cuticle. The essential oil ofT. quinquecostatusis yellow, and its content is highest in the growth period. 68 constituents were identified in the essential oils. The main constituent is linalool.

Rostrocaudal pattern of fiber-type changes in an overloaded rat ankle extensor

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Gardiner ◽  
B. J. Jasmin ◽  
P. Corriveau
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertrophic Response ◽  
Type I Fibers

Our aim was to quantify the overload-induced hypertrophy and conversion of fiber types (type II to I) occurring in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MG). Overload of MG was induced by a bilateral tenotomy/retraction of synergists, followed by 12–18 wk of regular treadmill locomotion (2 h of walking/running per day on 3 of 4 days). We counted all type I fibers and determined type I and II mean fiber areas in eight equidistant sections taken along the length of control and overloaded MG. Increase in muscle weights (31%), as well as in total muscle cross-sectional areas (37%) and fiber areas (type I, 57%; type II, 34%), attested to a significant hypertrophic response in overloaded MG. An increase in type I fiber composition of MG from 7.0 to 11.5% occurred as a result of overload, with the greatest and only statistically significant changes (approximately 70–100%) being found in sections taken from the most rostral 45% of the muscle length. Results of analysis of sections taken from the largest muscle girth showed that it significantly underestimated the extent of fiber conversion that occurred throughout the muscle as a whole. These data obtained on the MG, which possesses a compartmentalization of fiber types, support the notion that all fiber types respond to this model with a similar degree of hypertrophy. Also, they emphasize the complex nature of the adaptive changes that occur in these types of muscles as a result of overload.

scholarly journals Histological and histochemical aspects of the penial glands of Girardia biapertura Sluys, 1997 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. SOUZA ◽  
A. M. LEAL-ZANCHET
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Proximal Region ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Median Region

Girardia biapertura was described with sperm ducts penetrating the penis bulb, subsequently opening separately at the tip of the penis papilla and receiving the abundant secretion of penial glands. In the present work, the penial glands of this species have been histologically and histochemically analysed, and four types of secretory cells are distinguished. The openings of the penial glands into the intrabulbar and intrapapillar sperm ducts, designated here as intrapenial ducts, allow for the distinction between three histologically differentiated regions. The most proximal region possibly corresponds to the bulbar cavity of other freshwater triclads whereas the median and distal portions correspond to the ejaculatory duct. The proximal region of the intrapenial ducts receives mainly the openings of a secretory cell type (type I) that produces a proteinaceous secretion. A second type of secretory cell (type II) that secretes neutral mucopolyssacharides opens into the median region of the intrapenial ducts. The distal portion of the ducts receives two types of secretory cells (types III and IV) which secret glycoprotein and glycosaminoglycans, respectively. Types III and IV open also directly into the male atrium through the epithelium of the penis papilla. A comparison with the results presented here and those of other authors for species of Girardia is provided and the importance of the study of the penial glands for taxonomic characterisation of freshwater triclads is emphasised.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in Biodistribution and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Human Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
My Kieu Ha ◽  
Kyung Hwun Chung ◽  
Tae Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii

Cellular association of nanoparticles (NPs) and their resultant cytotoxicity are heterogeneous in nature and can be influenced by the variances in NPs’ properties, cell types, and status. However, conventional in vitro assays typically consider the administered NP dose and the averaged cellular responses based on the assumption of a uniform distribution of monodisperse NPs in homogeneous cells, which might be insufficient to describe the complex nature of cell–NP interactions. Here, using flow cytometry, we report observations of the heterogeneity in the cellular association of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in A549 cells, which resulted in distinct dose-response relationships and cytotoxicity. Type I and Type II cells were moderately associated with AgNPs but as the cellular AgNP dose increased, Type I cells remained viable while Type II cells became less viable. Type III cells did not have high affinity with AgNPs but were, however, the least viable. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that the biodistribution and the released Ag+ ions contributed to the distinct toxic effects of AgNPs in different populations. This single-cell dose-response analysis approach enabled the examination of how differently individual cells responded to different cellular NP doses and provided insights into nanotoxicity pathways at a single-cell level.

scholarly journals Micromorphological Traits of Balcanic Micromeria and Closely Related Clinopodium Species (Lamiaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Edith Stabentheiner ◽  
Faruk Bogunić ◽  
Dalibor Ballian ◽  
Eleni Eleftheriadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Stalk Cell ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Subtype 3 ◽  
Scanning Electron

A study of the trichomes types and distribution and pollen morphology was carried out in nine Micromeria taxa (M. cristata ssp. cristata, M. cristata ssp. kosaninii, M. croatica, M. graeca ssp. graeca, M. graeca ssp. fruticulosa, M. juliana, M. kerneri, M. longipedunculata and M. microphylla) and five closely related Clinopodium species (C. dalmaticum, C. frivaldszkyanum, C. pulegium, C. serpyllifolium and C. thymifolium) from the Lamiaceae family of the Balkan Peninsula. By scanning electron microscope, non-glandular trichomes, peltate and capitate trichomes were observed on the calyx, leaves and stem of the studied species. Two subtypes of capitate trichomes were observed in Micromeria species: subtype 1 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell and an elliptically shaped head cell) and subtype 2 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, two to three stalk cells and a round head cell). In Clinopodium species, three types of capitate trichomes were observed: subtype 1, subtype 3 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, a short peduncle cell, and a single round head cell), and subtype 4 (consisting of a basal epidermal cell, a stalk cell, and an elongated head cell). These results support the recent transfer of Micromeria species from the section Pseudomelissa to the genus Clinopodium.

Micromorphological traits and essential oil of Micromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (Lamiaceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Danijela Stešević ◽  
Ivan Kosalec ◽  
Dalibor Ballian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Subcuticular Space

AbstractMicromeria longipedunculata Bräuchler (syn. M. parviflora (Vis.) Rchb.) is an endemic Illyric-Balkan plant species from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania. We investigated types and distribution of trichomes, pollen morphology, and chemical composition of essential oil (analysed by GC and GC-MS) in M. longipedunculata. Non-glandular trichomes, peltate trichomes, and two types of capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, and one head cell with subcuticular space; type 2 composed of one basal epidermal cell, two or three stalk cells, and one head cell with subcuticular space) were observed on leaves, bracteoles, the calyx, corolla, and the stem. The pollen grains had six apertures which were set in the equatorial pollen belt and showed medium reticulate ornamentation. A phytochemical analysis of essential oils from four different localities is characterized by similar chemical composition with spathulenol (23.7–39.5%), piperitone oxide (7.7–12.1%) and piperitone (7.3–8.9%) as the major compounds.

scholarly journals Mentha pulegium L.: A Plant Underestimated for Its Toxicity to Be Recovered from the Perspective of the Circular Economy

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Lucia Caputo ◽  
Laura Cornara ◽  
Francesco Maria Raimondo ◽  
Vincenzo De Feo ◽  
Stefano Vanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Peltate Trichomes ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

The aim of the study was to investigate the micromorphology of Mentha pulegium leaves and flowers harvested in three different Sicilian (Italy) areas with peculiar pedo-climatic conditions, and to characterize the phytochemical profile, the phytotoxic activity, and the eco-compatibility of their essential oils (EOs) for potential use as safe bioherbicides. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) highlighted that M. pulegium indumentum consists of non-glandular and glandular trichomes of different types. Peltate trichomes of plants from the different sites showed few significant differences in dimension and abundance, but they were characterized by a surprisingly high number of secretory cells both in leaves and flowers. Phytochemical analyses showed that oxygenated monoterpenes were the most abundant class in all the EOs investigated (92.2–97.7%), but two different chemotypes, pulegone/isomenthone and piperitone/isomenthone, were found. The complex of morphological and phytochemical data indicates that soil salinity strongly affects the expression of the toxic metabolite pulegone, rather than the EO yield. Phytotoxicity tests showed a moderate activity of EOs against the selected species as confirmed by α-amylase assay. Moreover, the low toxicity on brine shrimp provided a rationale for the possible use of investigated EOs as eco-friendly herbicides.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document