scholarly journals The Common Cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a Source of Extracts with Health-Promoting Properties—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janda ◽  
Izabela Gutowska ◽  
Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz ◽  
Karolina Jakubczyk
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Cichoric Acid ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Coffee Substitute ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Common

Natural products are gaining more interest recently, much of which focuses on those derived from medicinal plants. The common chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), of the Astraceae family, is a prime example of this trend. It has been proven to be a feasible source of biologically relevant elements (K, Fe, Ca), vitamins (A, B1, B2, C) as well as bioactive compounds (inulin, sesquiterpene lactones, coumarin derivatives, cichoric acid, phenolic acids), which exert potent pro-health effects on the human organism. It displays choleretic and digestion-promoting, as well as appetite-increasing, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action, all owing to its varied phytochemical composition. Hence, chicory is used most often to treat gastrointestinal disorders. Chicory was among the plants with potential against SARS-CoV-2, too. To this and other ends, roots, herb, flowers and leaves are used. Apart from its phytochemical applications, chicory is also used in gastronomy as a coffee substitute, food or drink additive. The aim of this paper is to present, in the light of the recent literature, the chemical composition and properties of chicory.

scholarly journals Kasani beej (Cichorium intybus): Ayurvedic View, Folk View, Phytochemistry and Modern Therapeutic Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Shailja Choudhary ◽  
Hemlata Kaurav ◽  
Gitika Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Traditional Remedy ◽  
Coffee Substitute ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Asteraceae Family

Cichorium intybus is commonly known as Chicory, kasani. It is a recognized medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This plant is a well-known traditional herb used in various medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha medicinal system to treat variety of diseases ranging from wounds to diabetes. The species is native to the European region (Mediterranean region) but can also grow in the temperate and semi-arid regions. The juice extracted from this plant is used as a traditional remedy to cure uterus cancer and tumors. The plant is well-known for its roots that are used as an additive in coffee as it provides bitterness in taste without the caffeine. It is also reported that the roots of the plant contain 40% inulin and acts as an anti-diabetic agent. Historically, the plant was cultivated by ancient Egyptians as a medicinal plant, vegetable crop, coffee substitute and also used as animal forage. Cichorium intybus contains various phytochemical constituents mainly sesquiterpene lactones, caffeic acid derivatives, inulin flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, steroids terpenoids and many more. The reported pharmacological properties of the C. intybus plant include hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardiovascular, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antimalarial, anti-allergic and gastroprotective activities. In this review article, the medicinal and ayurvedic importance of C. intybus plant along with its phytochemicals are briefly explained.

scholarly journals Supercritical CO2 Extraction as a Tool to Isolate Anti-Inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus L. Roots

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2583
Author(s):  
João P. Baixinho ◽  
José D. Anastácio ◽  
Viktoriya Ivasiv ◽  
Katarina Cankar ◽  
Dirk Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Chicory Roots

Cichorium intybus L. or chicory plants are a natural source of health-promoting compounds in the form of supplements such as inulin, as well as other bioactive compounds such as sesquiterpene lactones (SLs). After inulin extraction, chicory roots are considered waste, with most SLs not being harnessed. We developed and optimized a new strategy for SL extraction that can contribute to the conversion of chicory root waste into valuable products to be used in human health-promoting applications. In our work, rich fractions of SLs were recovered from chicory roots using supercritical CO2. A response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters (pressure, temperature, flow rate, and co-solvent percentage) for the extraction performance. The best operating conditions were achieved at 350 bar, 40 °C, and 10% EtOH as a co-solvent in a 15 g/min flow rate for 120 min. The extraction with supercritical CO2 revealed to be more selective for the SLs than the conventional solid–liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. In our work, 1.68% mass and a 0.09% sesquiterpenes yield extraction were obtained, including the recovery of two sesquiterpene lactones (8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin), which, to the best of our knowledge, are not commercially available. A mixture of the abovementioned compounds were tested at different concentrations for their toxic profile and anti-inflammatory potential towards a human calcineurin/NFAT orthologue pathway in a yeast model, the calcineurin/Crz1 pathway. The SFE extract obtained, rich in SLs, yielded results of inhibition of 61.74 ± 6.87% with 50 µg/mL, and the purified fraction containing 8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin inhibited the activation of the reporter gene up to 53.38 ± 3.9% at 10 µg/mL. The potential activity of the purified fraction was also validated by the ability to inhibit Crz1 nuclear translocation and accumulation. These results reveal a possible exploitable green technology to recover potential anti-inflammatory compounds from chicory roots waste after inulin extraction.

The Development of Diarthrodial Joints in Birds and Mammals

1890 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 258-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Human Foetus ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Mammalian Embryos ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Full Period

After giving a summary of recent literature on the subject, the author then proceeded to state the nature of the material which he had employed in the present investigation.The bird selected was the common fowl (Gallus domest.), and he had examined a series of microscopic sections through the limbs from the fourth day of incubation to the day of hatching.The mammalian embryos examined were mice and rabbits, and the fingers of the human fœtus from an embryo approaching the full period of uterogestation.

scholarly journals Co-expression networks for plant biology: why and how

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 981-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Rao ◽  
Richard A Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Expression Profiling ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Biologically Relevant

Abstract Co-expression network analysis is one of the most powerful approaches for interpretation of large transcriptomic datasets. It enables characterization of modules of co-expressed genes that may share biological functional linkages. Such networks provide an initial way to explore functional associations from gene expression profiling and can be applied to various aspects of plant biology. This review presents the applications of co-expression network analysis in plant biology and addresses optimized strategies from the recent literature for performing co-expression analysis on plant biological systems. Additionally, we describe the combined interpretation of co-expression analysis with other genomic data to enhance the generation of biologically relevant information.

scholarly journals Potentials of probiotics in the treatment of food allergy – a review

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Patel ◽  
N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Treatment Of Food Allergy ◽  
Made In

Food allergy is an adverse immune response to some proteins in some foods. Probiotic, health promoting bacteria have gained much importance because of their innumerable benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea, hypercholesterolemia, atopic dermatitis, eczema, and gastrointestinal disorders by strengthening the immune system. The current paper reviews recent advances made in the treatment of food allergy through employing probiotic or synbiotic therapy. The results of several reports are very promising suggesting probiotics can influence the immune system to curtail the allergic responses.

Potential outcomes and finite-population inference for M-estimators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruonan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Population ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
General Setting ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Inference Method ◽  
Population Inference ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
The Common

Summary When a sample is drawn from or coincides with a finite population, the uncertainty of the coefficient estimators is often reported assuming the population is effectively infinite. The recent literature on finite-population inference instead derives an alternative asymptotic variance of the ordinary least squares estimator. Here, I extend the results to the more general setting of M-estimators and also find that the usual robust ‘sandwich’ estimator is conservative. The proposed asymptotic variance of M-estimators accounts for two sources of variation. In addition to the usual sampling-based uncertainty arising from (possibly) not observing the entire population, there is also design-based uncertainty, which is usually ignored in the common inference method, resulting from lack of knowledge of the counterfactuals. Under this alternative framework, we can obtain smaller standard errors of M-estimators when the population is treated as finite.

Novel Glucose Biosensor Based on the Microcantilever

2003 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Pei ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Thomas Thundat
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
Enzyme Specificity ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cantilever Surface ◽  
The Common ◽  
Detection Schemes

AbstractWe report a novel technique for micromechanical detection of biologically relevant glucose by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) onto a microcantilever surface. Microfabricated cantilevers have recently attracted considerable interest in the development of a wide range of novel physical, chemical, and biological sensors. This paper describes the combination of this novel technology with enzyme specificity to construct a highly selective glucose biosensor. The enzyme-functionalized microcantilever undergoes bending due to a change in surface stress induced by the reaction between glucose and the GOx immobilized on the cantilever surface. The common interferents for glucose detection in other detection schemes have been tested and have shown no effect on the measurement of blood glucose level by this technique.

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