scholarly journals Individual and Combined Inhalational Sedative Effects in Mice of Low Molecular Weight Aromatic Compounds Found in Agarwood Aroma

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Kimberly P. Castro ◽  
Michiho Ito
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Sedative Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Motor Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Sedative Activity ◽  
Almost All

Agarwood is known to have a sedative effect and the less studied volatile aromatic constituents it contains may have contribution to the activity. In this study, two Kyara grade (highest-grade agarwood in Japan) samples were extracted using headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six low molecular weight aromatic compounds (LACs) and one structurally simple compound (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether) present in the aromas were individually evaluated for inhalational sedative activity in mice through open field test. Doses of 0.0001 g/L to 1 g/L were prepared for each compound and administered to mice (n = 6/dose/compound). Results revealed all compounds decreased spontaneous motor activity at almost all doses. Strongest sedative activity of each compound reduced total spontaneous motor activity by more than half against control, demonstrating their contribution to agarwood aroma and potential as independent sedating agents. Mixtures of compounds using their most effective dose were made and evaluated again for inhalational sedative effect. Interestingly, the combination of all compounds showed no significant effect and even caused stimulation in mice movements. This result suggests antagonistic-like interaction between the compounds, which is probably due to structural similarities. Consequently, it implies the other constituents present in agarwood, along with LACs, are also important to the overall sedative activity.

scholarly journals Effect of WC/Ni–Cr additive on changes in the composition of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina S. Pevneva ◽  
Natalya G. Voronetskaya ◽  
Nikita N. Sviridenko ◽  
Anatoly K. Golovko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Atmospheric Residue ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Catalytic Additive ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

AbstractThe paper presents the results of investigation of changes in the composition of hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing compounds of an atmospheric residue in the course of cracking in the presence of a tungsten carbide–nickel–chromium (WC/Ni–Cr) catalytic additive and without it. The cracking is carried out in an autoclave at 500 °C for 30 min. The addition of the WC/Ni–Cr additive promotes the deepening of reactions of destruction not only of resins and asphaltenes, but also high molecular weight naphthene-aromatic compounds of the atmospheric residue. It is shown that the content of low molecular weight C9–C17 n-alkanes and C9–C10 alkylbenzenes rose sharply in the products of cracking with addition of WC/Ni–Cr in comparison with those produced without the additive. Alkyl- and naphthene-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons of benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene series, polyarenes, benzo- and dibenzothiophenes are identified.

scholarly journals An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of Thrombin Low Molecular Weight Substrates - Peptide p-Nitroanilides

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. e00057 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A Chistov ◽  
A.V. Talanova ◽  
M.V. Melnikova ◽  
S.S. Kuznetsova ◽  
E.F. Kolesanova
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Polymer Support ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Peptide Substrates ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Low molecular weight chromogenic thrombin peptide substrates, p-nitroanilides of short peptides protected at their N-terminal amino group, were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis on polystyrene-divinylbenzene polymer with trityl groups with preliminary attached p-phenylene diamine moiety. After the cleavage from the resin peptide p-aminoanilides were mildly oxidized to p-nitroanilides with the mixture of potassium sulfate and persulfate. Adsorption onto polymer support Bio-Beads SM-2 with further elution by acetonitrile allowed easy separating peptide p-nitroanilides from the oxidizer and obtaining the thrombin chromogenic substrate preparations with the target substance contents of not less than 95% and yields of 30-40%. Thrombin effectively catalyzed hydrolysis of the prepared substrates with KM and Vmax values of 29-134 mM and 0.03-1/16 mM/s, respectively.

scholarly journals A new bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase active on degraded lignin and several low molecular weight aromatic compounds

1989 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Pelmont ◽  
Catherine Tournesac ◽  
Ahmed Mliki ◽  
Michel Barrelle ◽  
Claude Beguin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Low Molecular Weight
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