scholarly journals Re-Analysis of Abdominal Gland Volatilome Secretions of the African Weaver Ant, Oecophylla longinoda (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
Bethelihem Mekonnen ◽  
Xavier Cheseto ◽  
Christian Pirk ◽  
Abdullahi Yusuf ◽  
Sunday Ekesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Weaver Ant ◽  
Oecophylla Longinoda ◽  
Sternal Glands ◽  
Poison Glands ◽  
First Time

The African weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda, is used as a biological control agent for the management of pests. The ant has several exocrine glands in the abdomen, including Dufour’s, poison, rectal, and sternal glands, which are associated with pheromone secretions for intra-specific communication. Previous studies have analyzed the gland secretions of Dufour’s and poison glands. The chemistry of the rectal and sternal glands is unknown. We re-analyzed the secretions from Dufour’s and poison glands plus the rectal and sternal glands to compare their chemistries and identify additional components. We used the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique to collect gland headspace volatiles and solvent extraction for the secretions. Coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis detected a total of 78 components, of which 62 were being reported for the first time. These additional components included 32 hydrocarbons, 12 carboxylic acids, 5 aldehydes, 3 alcohols, 2 ketones, 4 terpenes, 3 sterols, and 1 benzenoid. The chemistry of Dufour’s and poison glands showed a strong overlap and was distinct from that of the rectal and sternal glands. The different gland mixtures may contribute to the different physiological and behavioral functions in this ant species.

scholarly journals Discovery of a new species of genus Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae: Typhlodrominae) on rocky shore habitat from Lanyu Island

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1639
Author(s):  
Jhih-Rong Liao ◽  
Chyi-Chen Ho ◽  
Chiun-Cheng Ko
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Phytoseiid mites have been intensively surveyed in Taiwan during the past decades because of their potential as biological control agent. Despite the fact, many regions of Taiwan remain under-explored especially in mountain areas and neighboring islands. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) crossostephium sp. nov. was collected from Crossostephium chinense (L.) Makino (Asteraceae) on rocky shore habitat during a survey on Lanyu Island. In this paper, presence of a phytoseiid mite on rocky shores is reported for the first time. A detailed morphological description of the new species and a key to the Taiwanese species of subgenus Anthoseius are provided.

Identification by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of 150 Compounds in Propolis

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Greenaway ◽  
J. May ◽  
T. Scaysbrook ◽  
F. R. Whatley
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time

Abstract Propolis was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for both its headspace volatiles and for the less volatile components of its alcoholic extract (propolis balsam). 181 peaks were located of which 171 representing 150 compounds were identified, including 28 identified in propolis for the first time. The majority of compounds were typical of poplar bud exudate.

scholarly journals First Report ofAprostocetus asthenogmus(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in South America and Parasitizing Eggs of Triatominae Vectors of Chagas Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudiney Biral dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Teixeira Tavares ◽  
Gustavo Rocha Leite ◽  
Adelson Luiz Ferreira ◽  
Leonardo de Souza Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Triatoma Infestans ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Triatomine Species ◽  
Chagas Disease Vectors ◽  
First Time

We report for the first time the parasitism of eggs of two triatomine Chagas disease vectors,Triatoma infestansandT. vitticeps, by the microhymenopterous parasitoidAprostocetus asthenogmus. We also describe the first identification of this parasitoid in South America.A. asthenogmuswere captured near unparasitized triatomine colonies in the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, and placed into pots with recently laid triatomine eggs. After 24 days, we observed wasps emerging fromT. infestansandT. vitticepseggs. Several characteristics of this parasitoid species suggest that it could be a potential biological control agent of triatomine species.

scholarly journals Investigation of Volatiles in Cork Samples Using Chromatographic Data and the Superposing Significant Interaction Rules (SSIR) Chemometric Tool

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 896
Author(s):  
Emili Besalú ◽  
Chantal Prat ◽  
Enriqueta Anticó
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Cork Sample ◽  
Validation Calculation ◽  
First Time

This study describes a new chemometric tool for the identification of relevant volatile compounds in cork by untargeted headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) analysis. The production process in cork industries commonly includes a washing procedure based on water and temperature cycles in order to reduce off-flavors and decrease the amount of trichloroanisole (TCA) in cork samples. The treatment has been demonstrated to be effective for the designed purpose, but chemical changes in the volatile fraction of the cork sample are produced, which need to be further investigated through the chemometric examination of data obtained from the headspace. Ordinary principal component analysis (PCA) based on the numerical description provided by the chromatographic area of several target compounds was inconclusive. This led us to consider a new tool, which is presented here for the first time for an application in the chromatographic field. The superposing significant interaction rules (SSIR) method is a variable selector which directly analyses the raw internal data coming from the spectrophotometer software and, combined with PCA and discriminant analysis, has been able to separate a group of 56 cork samples into two groups: treated and non-treated. This procedure revealed the presence of two compounds, furfural and 5-methylfurfural, which are increased in the case of treated samples. These compounds explain the sweet notes found in the sensory evaluation of the treated corks. The model that is obtained is robust; the overall sensitivity and specificity are 96% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, a leave-one-out cross-validation calculation revealed that all of the samples can be correctly classified one at a time if three or more PCA descriptors are considered.

scholarly journals In vivo and in vitro Volatile Constituents of the Flowers of Xylopia aromatica by HS‑SPME/GC-MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Junqueira ◽  
Michelle do Nascimento ◽  
Lucas da Costa ◽  
Lincoln Romualdo ◽  
Francisco de Aquino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Large White ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) is a typical species from the Brazilian cerrado that presents medicinal properties. The plant is distinguished by its large white flowers which produce a pleasant fragrance. X. aromatica is characterized by a wide range of medicinal application. These characteristics have motivated us to investigate the flowers volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via in vivo and in vitro protocols by a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME) technique combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC‑MS). Four different fibers, extraction times and temperatures were the parameters changed to lead to the maximum profiling of the volatile constituents. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). A total of 77 VOCs were extracted from the floral scent, with 52 and 68 extracted from in vivo and in vitro sampling, respectively, of which 48 were reported for the first time in the literature as volatile constituents from X. aromatica flowers. The extraction and identification of VOCs were successfully performed through HS-SPME/GC-MS. The PCA data allowed the identification of parameters that led to the maximum number of VOCs, which were polyacrylate (PA) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, 60 min extraction time and temperature of 29.0 °C. Among the volatile constituents identified, sesquiterpenes predominated, comprising about 61.04%.

scholarly journals Quantification of VOC Emissions from Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Białowiec ◽  
Monika Micuda ◽  
Antoni Szumny ◽  
Jacek Łyczko ◽  
Jacek Koziel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
First Time

In this work, for the first time, the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF) were quantified on a laboratory scale. The analyzed CRDF was generated from the torrefaction of municipal waste. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify 84 VOCs, including many that are toxic, e.g., derivatives of benzene or toluene. The highest emissions were measured for nonanal, octanal, and heptanal. The top 10 most emitted VOCs contributed to almost 65% of the total emissions. The VOC mixture emitted from torrefied CRDF differed from that emitted by other types of pyrolyzed biochars, produced from different types of feedstock, and under different pyrolysis conditions. SPME was a useful technology for surveying VOC emissions. Results provide an initial database of the types and relative quantities of VOCs emitted from CRDF. This data is needed for further development of CRDF technology and comprehensive assessment of environmental impact and practical storage, transport, and potential adoption of CRDF as means of energy and resource recovery from municipal waste.

Redescription of Mitodiplosis graminis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a gall midge inhibiting the flowering of pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4614 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
PETER KOLESIK ◽  
ALAN R. WOOD
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Environmental Weed ◽  
First Time

Mitodiplosis graminis Kieffer, the only species of the genus Mitodiplosis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), was described in 1914 as the causative agent of an unspecified gall on pyp grass Ehrharta villosa (Poaceae) in South Africa. The type specimens are presumed lost. We reared all developmental stages of the gall midge, redescribe here the male and female, and describe for the first time the gall, egg, larva and the pupa. Diagnosis of the genus Mitodiplosis is extended. The gall is a large thickening of the stem that becomes malformed and does not produce flowers. Pyp grass is an environmental weed in Australia and New Zealand and M. graminis can potentially be used as a biological control agent. With a wing length of over 6 mm in some specimens, M. graminis is one of the largest species of Cecidomyiidae. 

scholarly journals An Analysis of Volatile Components of the Liverworts Dumortiera hirsuta subsp. hirsuta and Dumortiera hirsuta subsp. nepalensis (Dumortieraceae) from Panama and Taxonomic Observations on the Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando A. Durant-Archibold ◽  
Noris Salazar Allen ◽  
Anette Garrido ◽  
Jose Gudiño Ledezma ◽  
Mahabir P. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
First Time

We report for the first time the chemical composition of volatile components (VOCs) of two subspecies, D. hirsuta subsp. hirsuta and D. hirsuta subsp. nepalensis, of the liverwort Dumortiera hirsuta from Panama by using headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to assess distinguishing markers between the two species. Forty VOCs were identified in total for both subspecies. Of these, 34 are reported for the first time in D. hirsuta. Furthermore, both subspecies showed clear differences in the type and amount of VOCs. The major compounds in D. hirsuta subsp. hirsuta were α-gurjunene, β-selinene, α-guaiene, α-humulene and β-caryophyllene; while in D. hirsuta subsp. nepalensis were ledene, α-gurjunene, β-caryophyllene and α-guaiene, respectively. Two oxygenated sesquiterpenes, globulol and nerolidol, could be considered as possible distinguishing chemical markers between these two subspecies. We conclude that both morphotypes of D. hirsuta are chemically different.

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF 31 SPECIES OF AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS TO THE ENTOMOGENOUS NEMATODES STEINERNEMA FELTIAE AND HETERORHABDITIS BACTERIOPHORA

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. N. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe susceptibility of 31 species of agricultural insect pests representing 7 families of Lepidoptera, 3 of Diptera, and 3 of Coleoptera to the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema feltiae Filipjev and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, were investigated in the laboratory. Of the 27 species found susceptible to S. feltiae, 19 are reported for the first time. Of the 21 species killed by H. bacteriophora, 15 are reported for the first time. The Lepidoptera as a group were highly susceptible to the nematodes. On the basis of larval mortality caused by the nematodes, of nematode reproduction in insect cadavers, and of the known economic importance and life histories of the test insects, S. feltiae was judged to warrant further research as a possible biological-control agent against Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), E. auxiliaris (Grote), Agrotis orthogonia (Morr.), Actebia fennica (Tauscher), Mamestra configurata Walker, Delia radicum (L.), D. antiqua (Meig.), and Zygogramma exclamationis (F.).

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