scholarly journals Effect of Ceria Addition to Na2O-ZrO2 Catalytic Mixtures on Lignin Waste Ex-Situ Pyrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Adam Yeardley ◽  
Giuseppe Bagnato ◽  
Aimaro Sanna
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Mixed Metal Oxide ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Remarkable Reduction

Waste lignin is a potential source of renewable fuels and other chemical precursors under catalytic pyrolysis. For this purpose, four mixed metal oxide catalytic mixtures (Cat) derived from Na2CO3, CeO2 and ZrO2 were synthesised in varying compositions and utilised in a fixed bed reactor for catalytic vapour upgrading of Etek lignin pyrolysis products at 600 °C. The catalytic mixtures were analysed and characterised using XRD analysis, whilst pyrolysis products were analysed for distribution of products using FTIR, GC-MS and EA. Substantial phenolic content (20 wt%) was obtained when using equimolar catalytic mixture A (Cat_A), however the majority of these phenols were guaiacol derivatives, suggesting the catalytic mixture employed did not favour deep demethoxylation. Despite this, addition of 40–50% ceria to NaZrO2 resulted in a remarkable reduction of coke to 4 wt%, compared to ~9 wt% of NaZrO2. CeO2 content higher than 50% favoured the increase in conversion of the holo-cellulose fraction, enriching the bio-oil in aldehydes, ketones and cyclopentanones. Of the catalytic mixtures studied, equimolar metal oxides content (Cat_A) appears to showcase the optimal characteristics for phenolics production and coking reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 Proportions in Catalyst Mixtures on the Composition of Bio-Oil in Ex-Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose Biomass

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devy Kartika Ratnasari ◽  
Anton Bijl ◽  
Weihong Yang ◽  
Pär Göran Jönsson
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Heating Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass ◽  
Mcm 41

The present work is an attempt to optimize the proportion of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 in the catalyst mixtures for lignocellulose biomass catalytic pyrolysis. The H-ZSM-5 proportions of 50.0, 66.7, 75.0, and 87.5 wt.% were examined for the upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors in the fixed bed reactor. The catalyst mixture of 87.5 wt.% H-ZSM-5 and 12.5 wt.% Al-MCM-41 was found most effective in this study, giving a 65.75% deoxygenation degree. An organic-rich bio-oil was obtained with 74.90 wt.% of carbon content, 8 wt.% of hydrogen content, 15 wt.% oxygen content, a 0.39 wt.% water content, and a high heating value of 34.15 MJ/kg. The highest amount of desirable compounds among the studied catalytic experiments, which include hydrocarbons, phenols, furans, and alcohols, was obtained with a value of 95.89%. A significant improvement in the quality of bio-oil with the utilization of H-ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 catalyst mixtures was the rise of desirable compounds in bio-oil.

scholarly journals Bio-Oil Characterizations of Spirulina Platensis Residue (SPR) Pyrolysis Products for Renewable Energy Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Aster Rahayu ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Budhijanto ◽  
Rochmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Bio Oil

Nowadays, energy consumption has increased as a population increases with socio-economic developments and improved living standards. Therefore, it is necessary to find a replacement for fossil energy with renewable energy sources, and the potential to develop is biofuels. Bio-oil, water phase, gas, and char products will be produced by utilizing Spirulina platensis (SPR) microalgae extraction residue as pyrolysis raw material. The purpose of this study is to characterize pyrolysis products and bio-oil analysis with GC-MS. Quality fuel is good if O/C is low, H/C is high, HHV is high, and oxygenate compounds are low, but aliphatic and aromatic are high. Pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 300-600°C with a feed of 50 grams in atmospheric conditions with a heating rate of 5-35°C/min, the equipment used was a fixed-bed reactor. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the bio-oil yield will be to an optimum temperature, then lower. The optimum temperature of pyrolysis is 550°C with a bio-oil yield of 23.99 wt%. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the higher the H/C, the lower O/C. The optimum condition was reached at a temperature of 500°C with the values of H/C, and O/C is 1.17 and 0.47. With an increase in temperature of 300-600°C, HHV increased from 11.64 MJ/kg to 20.63 MJ/kg, the oxygenate compound decreased from 85.26 to 37.55 wt%. Aliphatics and aromatics increased, respectively, from 5.76 to 36.72 wt% and 1.67 to 6.67 wt%.

Study of Catalytic Pyrolysis of Chlorella with γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Qing Jie Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Liquid Yield

Chlorella samples were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor with γ-Al2O3 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst at 600°C. Liquid oil samples was collected from pyrolysis experiments in a condenser and characterized for water content, kinematic viscosity and heating value. In the presence of catalysts , gas yield decreased and liquid yield increased when compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis at the same temperatures. Moreover, pyrolysis oil from catalytic with γ-Al2O3 runs carries lower water content and lower viscosity and higher heating value. Comparison of two catalytic products, the results were showed that γ-Al2O3 has a higher activity than that of ZSM-5 molecular sieve. The acidity distribution in these samples has been measured by t.p.d, of ammonia, the γ-Al2O3 shows a lower acidity. The γ-Al2O3 catalyst shows promise for production of high-quality bio-oil from algae via the catalytic pyrolysis.

Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin using a two-stage fixed bed reactor comprised of in-situ natural zeolite and ex-situ HZSM-5

2016 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Won Lee ◽  
Young-Min Kim ◽  
Jungho Jae ◽  
Bong Hyun Sung ◽  
Sang-Chul Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Two Stage

Two-Step Catalytic Pyrolysis of Corn Stover in a Dual Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Ping Zhong ◽  
Zu Wei Song ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Zhi Chao Liu ◽  
Ze Yu Xue
Keyword(s):  
Corn Stover ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Reforming Catalysts ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Catalyst

Experiments on the catalytic pyrolysis of corn stover and catalytic reforming of pyrolysis vapors were conducted in a tubular fixed-bed reactor. The influence of reaction temperature, pyrolysis catalysts, dosage of pyrolysis catalysts and dosage of reforming catalysts were investigated. The results showed that with the increase of reaction temperature, the oil and char yields decreased and the gas yield increased. The highest-quality bio-oil was achieved at the reaction temperature of 400 °C, and dolomite showed a best performance on the biomass pyrolysis compared to other catalysts. Besides, When the dosage of pyrolysis catalyst was 1 g, the relative content of aromatic was 43.92 wt% and the relative content of acids was 47.58 wt%, and when the dosage of reforming catalyst was 2 g, the relative content of aromatic was 34.1 wt% and the relative content of acids was 58.7 wt%.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pyrolysis Products and Kinetic Analysis of Waste Jute Stick Biomass

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Jayanto Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Qingyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Derivative Thermogravimetry

Thermochemical process of biomass is being considered as a latest technique for the restoration of energy source and biochemical products. In this study, the influence of the different heating rates on pyrolysis behaviors and kinetic of jute stick were investigated to justify the waste jute stick biomass as a potential source of bioenergy. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at four several heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C/min, by utilizing the thermogravimetric analyzer (TG-DTA) and a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. Two different kinetic methods, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) were used to determine the distinct kinetic parameters. The experimental results showed that, the heating rates influenced significantly on the position of TG curve and maximum Tm peaks and highest decomposition rate of the jute stick biomass. Both the highest point of TG and the lowest point of Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves were shifted towards the maximum temperature. However, the heating rates also influenced the products of pyrolysis yield, including bio-char, bio-oil and the non-condensable gases. The average values of activation energy were found to be 139.21 and 135.99 kJ/mol based on FWO and KAS models, respectively.

scholarly journals Multi-parametric optimization of the catalytic pyrolysis of pig hair into bio-oil

Clean Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535
Author(s):  
Henry Oghenero Orugba ◽  
Jeremiah Lekwuwa Chukwuneke ◽  
Henry Chukwuemeka Olisakwe ◽  
Innocent Eteli Digitemie
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Temperature Heating

Abstract The low yield and poor fuel properties of bio-oil have made the pyrolysis production process uneconomic and also limited bio-oil usage. Proper manipulation of key pyrolysis variables is paramount in order to produce high-quality bio-oil that requires less upgrading. In this research, the pyrolysis of pig hair was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor using a calcium oxide catalyst derived from calcination of turtle shells. In the pyrolysis process, the influence of three variables—temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight—on two responses—bio-oil yield and its higher heating value (HHV)—were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. A second-order regression-model equation was obtained for each response. The optimum yield of the bio-oil and its HHV were obtained as 51.03% and 21.87 mJ/kg, respectively, at 545oC, 45.17oC/min and 2.504 g of pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and catalyst weight, respectively. The high R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9527, respectively, obtained for the bio-oil yield and its HHV models using analysis of variance revealed that the models can adequately predict the bio-oil yield and its HHV from the pyrolysis process.

Review of Reactor and Catalyst in the Pyrolysis of Biomass for Liquid Fuels

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 552-557
Author(s):  
Xiao Xiong Zhang ◽  
Guan Yi Chen ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Due to the rapid growth of energy consumption, fossil-based fuel is at the verge of extinction. Hence, the world needs new energy to substitute for the non-renewable energy resources. Various biomass resources have been discussed by virtue of the ability of generating alternative fuels, chemicals and energy-related products. To date, the utilization of biomass is mainly thermochemical conversion which involves combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. The focus, currently, is on the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. A variety of reactors are designed and many new catalysts for the yields of liquid products and upgrading of bio-oil are investigated. Different reactors have their own unique characteristics, and fixed bed reactor is not complicated and can be controlled easily but is difficult to upsize. Fluidized bed has a good suitability for different kinds of biomass but is more complex in structure and more difficult to control. Compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis, the quality of bio-oil improves considerably in the presence of a catalyst. Different catalysts exert different effects on the upgrading of bio-oil. HZSM-5 can reduce a vast output of acid compounds and increases hydrocarbon yields. Au/Al2O3 catalyst leads to an increase of H2 yield. All the catalysts can promote the upgrading of pyrolysis products. Optimal yields and the best quality of bio-oil can be obtained by an appropriate reactor with a proper catalyst.

Potentiality of combined catalyst for high quality bio-oil production from catalytic pyrolysis of pinewood using an analytical Py-GC/MS and fixed bed reactor

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Maksudur Rahman ◽  
Nishu ◽  
Manobendro Sarker ◽  
Meiyun Chai ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bio Oil
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