scholarly journals Multi-Elemental Analysis of Wine Samples in Relation to Their Type, Origin, and Grape Variety

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gajek ◽  
Aleksandra Pawlaczyk ◽  
Malgorzata I. Szynkowska-Jozwik
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Rosé Wine

Wine is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. Therefore, the control of the elemental composition is necessary throughout the entire production process from the grapes to the final product. The content of some elements in wine is very important from the organoleptic and nutritional points of view. Nowadays, wine studies have also been undertaken in order to perform wine categorization and/or to verify the authenticity of products. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of the chosen factors (type of wine, producer, origin) on the levels of 28 elements in 180 wine samples. The concentration of studied elements was determined by ICP-MS (Ag, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Te, Tl, U, Zn), ICP-OES (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Ti), and CVAAS (Hg) techniques in 79 red, 75 white, and 26 rose wine samples. In general, red wines contained higher values of mean and median of B, Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, Sr and Zn in contrast to other wine types (white and rose). In white wines (when compared to red and rose wines) higher levels of elements such as Ag, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Li, K and Ti were determined. In contrast, rose wines were characterized by a higher concentration of Fe and U. The study also revealed that in the case of 18 samples, the maximum levels of some metals (Cd—8 samples, Pb—9 samples, Cu—1 sample) were slightly exceeded according to the OIV standards, while for Zn and Ti in any wine sample the measured concentrations of these metals were above the permissible levels. Thus, it can be stated that the studied wines contained, in general, lower levels of heavy metals, suggesting that they should have no effect on the safety of consumption. The results also showed higher pH level for red wines as a consequence of the second fermentation process which is typically carried out for this type of wine (malolactic fermentation). The highest median value of pH was reported for Merlot-based wines, while the lowest was for Riesling. It is assumed that dry Riesling has a higher content of tartaric and malic acid than dry Chardonnay grown in the same climate. From all of the studied countries, wines from Poland seemed to present one of the most characteristic elemental fingerprints since for many elements relatively low levels were recorded. Moreover, this study revealed that also wine samples from USA and Australia can be potentially discriminated from the rest of studied wines. For USA the most characteristic metal for positive identification of the country of origin seems to be uranium, whereases for Australia – strontium and manganese. Based on the highly reduced set of samples, it was not possible to differentiate the studied wine products according to the grape variety other than Syrah, and partially Chardonnay. Since all the Syrah-based samples originated from the same country (Australia) thus, the observed grouping should be more related with the country of origin than the grape variety.

Determination of multi-element concentrations at ultra-low levels in alternating magnetite and pyrite by HR-ICP-MS using matrix removal and preconcentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Li ◽  
Changle Wang ◽  
Bingyu Gao ◽  
Yating Wang ◽  
Xindi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Matrix Removal ◽  
Low Levels

Retail strategies for rosé wines in Italy: a hedonic price analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Rossetto ◽  
Luigi Galletto
Keyword(s):  
Model Performance ◽  
Hedonic Model ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Hedonic Analysis ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hedonic Price Analysis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Rosé Wine

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the market of rosé wines in Italy, to outline retail strategies and to investigate to what extent the price is affected by branding these wines. Design/methodology/approach A survey has been carried out on retailers by collecting data about wines as intrinsic attributes (grape variety, blending, origin, alcohol content, etc.) and extrinsic attributes (brand, price, packaging, etc.) and about outlet and retail environment. The hedonic analysis required a rearrangement of data survey, while a Box-Cox transformation allowed to control the strong heteroskedasticity detected of the data. Findings Results provide strategies for still, semi-sparkling and sparkling rosé market segments. Still rosé wines are strongly differentiated, while the price is affected by the appellation, grape variety, blending, brand and outlet features. Two main strategies are suggested: the first focuses on appellations endorsing consumer’s brand loyalty; the second is driven by retailers while involving weaker brands. Different pictures emerged for semi-sparkling and sparkling wines, as producers and retailers tend to follow consumer’s preferences for fresh and easy drinking wines as well as to extend the product assortment. Research limitations/implications Results for sparkling rosé wines cannot be generalized. The high fragmentation hinders the hedonic model performance in capturing the price effects of brands, appellations, grape variety and wine blend. Practical implications The hedonic analysis provides suggestions for rosé wine producers that should reinforce their brand through associations among intrinsic attributes, such as appellation, and extrinsic ones, such as price, while satisfying retailer requirements. Originality/value The paper contributes to the knowledge base about the Italian rosé wine market, which is mostly export-oriented. Model results help to understand why the domestic consumption is stagnant with respect to other countries such as France or the USA.

scholarly journals Differentiation Among Romanian Wine Regions Based on Lead Isotope Signatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Florin Dumitru BORA ◽  
Anamaria CĂLUGĂR ◽  
Claudiu Ioan BUNEA ◽  
Ionut RACZ
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Lead Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Pb Concentration

The objective of this study is to determine the Pb concentration and 206Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/208Pb from several Romanian winemaking regions, in order to highlight credible geographical markers of wine origin. The Pb level concentration and the ratios of 206Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/207Pb, 206Pb/208Pb were determined in 25 white and 9 red wines using ICP-MS techniques. Based on 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios it can be concluded that the vines grown in the Tîrnave vineyard [Blaj (1.1790 average value)], Huși vineyard [Huși (1.1958 average value wine center), Averești (1.1908 average value)] and Iași vineyard [Copou (1.1875 average value) wine center], show traces of atmospheric pollution with lead [if 206Pb/207Pb=~1.1700-1.2200 (atmospheric pollution)]. Combining the 206Pb/204Pb with 206Pb/208Pb isotopic ratio may carry out a separation on the vineyards and wine-growing centers. Based on 206Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/206Pb a separation of the wine samples was possible.

Direct analysis of radium-226 in sediment by ICP-MS: an analytical challenge?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1597-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Ben Yaala ◽  
Rihab Fniter ◽  
Delphine Foucher ◽  
Olivier Clarisse
Keyword(s):  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Analytical Challenge ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Low Levels

Low levels of radium-226 were accurately measured in natural sediment digests using single quadrupole ICP-MS.

Metabolic Methanol: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri L. Dorokhov ◽  
Anastasia V. Shindyapina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Sheshukova ◽  
Tatiana V. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
Low Levels

Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.

National museums and international museums

1993 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
David M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Important Material ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Museums ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
National Boundaries

At a time when nationalism grows more strident, the role of national museums assumes great importance. National museums encourage not only an understanding of national identity, but also patriotism. While this is natural, it has dangers in that the museum can be used politically to endorse racial and other charged emotions. The great international museums have provided an antidote to such tendencies by providing a universal view of the culture and natural history of the world from the earliest times. Because these museums have important material from other countries they are often attacked as odious relics of colonialism. Rather they should be seen as representative of internationalism and encouraged to collect as widely as possible—within the law. They should not be pressurized into returning material to its country of origin for narrow nationalistic purposes. National museums should themselves collect outside their own national boundaries so that countries can see themselves against the background of other cultures. As nationalism grows, internationalism must be stressed in national museums so that countries may understand each others' culture and points of view.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Wheat and Barley Grains Using ICP-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1281
Author(s):  
Tamer M A M Thabit ◽  
Shokr Abdelsalam Shokr ◽  
Dalia I H Elgeddawy ◽  
Medhat A H El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Validation And Verification ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Barley Grains

Abstract Wheat and barley grains are two of the most important nutritional grains for humans and animals and they play an essential role in the nutritional cycle by different ratios according to people's nutritional habits. This work aimed to monitor ten of the most important heavy metals in some European-origin wheat and barley grains during the season of 2018. The measured elements, Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, and V, are of importance ecologically and biologically and may be involved in many health disorders affecting the human body. Moisture, protein, and specific grain weights were checked. Samples were digested using microwave acid digestion and the elements measured with ICP-MS/MS in He mode to increase sensitivity, lower the background, and avoid interference. Method validation and verification were carried out through spiking at two levels (2.0 and 10 ppb), then RSD, LOD, and LOQ were calculated. Recoveries were >97% for all elements at both levels with an RSD of <7.6%. Results revealed that As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were not detected in most wheat and barley samples, whereas Cd was detected in one sample of Ukrainian wheat and two samples of Estonian barley (but in very small traces). Pb was detected in three samples of Polish wheat (in very small traces). Al, Mo, and Ni were detected in some samples of wheat and barley of all origins, whereas other elements were at very low levels considered to be negligible concentrations.

scholarly journals Influence of Winemaking Procedure and Grape Variety on the Colour and Composition of Young Red Wines

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. González-Neves ◽  
G. Gil ◽  
G. Favre ◽  
C. Baldi ◽  
N. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Wines ◽  
Grape Variety

The influence of oak wood chips, micro-oxygenation treatment, and grape variety on colour, and anthocyanin and phenolic composition of red wines

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pérez-Magariño ◽  
Miriam Ortega-Heras ◽  
Estela Cano-Mozo ◽  
Ma Luisa González-Sanjosé
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chips ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Oak Wood

Effects of grape variety, harvest date, fermentation vessel and wine ageing on flavonoid concentration in red wines

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Fang ◽  
Jing-Ming Li ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Date ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Fermentation Vessel ◽  
Wine Ageing
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