Metabolic Methanol: Molecular Pathways and Physiological Roles

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri L. Dorokhov ◽  
Anastasia V. Shindyapina ◽  
Ekaterina V. Sheshukova ◽  
Tatiana V. Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Neurological Patients ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
Low Levels

Methanol has been historically considered an exogenous product that leads only to pathological changes in the human body when consumed. However, in normal, healthy individuals, methanol and its short-lived oxidized product, formaldehyde, are naturally occurring compounds whose functions and origins have received limited attention. There are several sources of human physiological methanol. Fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic beverages are likely the main sources of exogenous methanol in the healthy human body. Metabolic methanol may occur as a result of fermentation by gut bacteria and metabolic processes involving S-adenosyl methionine. Regardless of its source, low levels of methanol in the body are maintained by physiological and metabolic clearance mechanisms. Although human blood contains small amounts of methanol and formaldehyde, the content of these molecules increases sharply after receiving even methanol-free ethanol, indicating an endogenous source of the metabolic methanol present at low levels in the blood regulated by a cluster of genes. Recent studies of the pathogenesis of neurological disorders indicate metabolic formaldehyde as a putative causative agent. The detection of increased formaldehyde content in the blood of both neurological patients and the elderly indicates the important role of genetic and biochemical mechanisms of maintaining low levels of methanol and formaldehyde.

ANP kinetics in normal men: in vivo measurement by a tracer method and correlation with sodium intake

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. F480-F489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Iervasi ◽  
A. Clerico ◽  
S. Berti ◽  
A. Pilo ◽  
F. Vitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Wide Range

125I-labeled atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was bolus injected into seven healthy human male subjects on an unrestricted diet (sodium intake ranging from 80 to 300 mmol/day). A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure was used to purify the labeled hormone and the principal labeled metabolites in venous plasma samples collected up to 50 min after injection. The main ANP kinetic parameters were derived from the disappearance curves of the 125I-ANP, which were satisfactorily fitted by a biexponential function in all subjects. Newly produced ANP initially distributes in a large space (plasma-equivalent volume is 12.1 +/- 3.6 l/m2 body surface); the hormone rapidly leaves this sampling space through both degradation and distribution in peripheral spaces, as indicated by the single-pass mean transit time through the sampling space (3.9 +/- 1.2 min). The mean residence time in the body (22.7 +/- 23.1 min) and the plasma-equivalent total distribution volume (30.9 +/- 12.0 l/m2) indicate that ANP is also widely distributed outside the initial space. Metabolic clearance rate (MCR) values were distributed across a wide range (from 740 to 2,581 ml.min-1 x m-2) and were shown to correlate strongly with the daily urinary excretion of sodium. These results indicate that: 1) newly produced ANP is rapidly distributed and degraded, 2) the body pool of the hormone can be considered as a combination of two exchanging spaces, 3) circulating ANP is < or = 1/15 of the body pool, and 4) MCR of ANP is closely related to sodium intake, at least in normal subjects on a free sodium intake diet.

scholarly journals Fall Detection Based on Key Points of Human-Skeleton Using OpenPose

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Chen ◽  
Zijie Jiang ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiaoyang Ni
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Fall Detection ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Standing Up

According to statistics, falls are the primary cause of injury or death for the elderly over 65 years old. About 30% of the elderly over 65 years old fall every year. Along with the increase in the elderly fall accidents each year, it is urgent to find a fast and effective fall detection method to help the elderly fall.The reason for falling is that the center of gravity of the human body is not stable or symmetry breaking, and the body cannot keep balance. To solve the above problem, in this paper, we propose an approach for reorganization of accidental falls based on the symmetry principle. We extract the skeleton information of the human body by OpenPose and identify the fall through three critical parameters: speed of descent at the center of the hip joint, the human body centerline angle with the ground, and width-to-height ratio of the human body external rectangular. Unlike previous studies that have just investigated falling behavior, we consider the standing up of people after falls. This method has 97% success rate to recognize the fall down behavior.

scholarly journals Segmentation of the human body based on frequency of human electromagnetic radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Siti Zura A. Jalil ◽  
Siti Armiza Mohd Aris ◽  
Nurul Aini Bani ◽  
Mohd Nabil Muhtazaruddin ◽  
Sahnius Usman
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Body Segments

<p>This paper discusses the body segment recognition based on human electromagnetic radiation frequency. Twenty-three points of human electromagnetic radiation are studied experimentally from thirty-three healthy human subjects. Three human body segments are considered, namely Left, Right and Chakra. For the purpose of recognition, k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm is used to classify the segments of the human body. Then, the performances of classification are determined based on the accuracy and Receiving Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. It is found that the proposed technique accurately classifies the body segments with 100% accuracy, thus suggest that the proposed technique is significant to classify human body segments.</p>

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

scholarly journals Smart Wearable Sensors Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Personal Healthcare Monitoring

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Ruonan Li ◽  
Xuelian Wei ◽  
Jiahui Xu ◽  
Junhuan Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Personal Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring ◽  
Smart Wearable

Accurate monitoring of motion and sleep states is critical for human health assessment, especially for a healthy life, early diagnosis of diseases, and medical care. In this work, a smart wearable sensor (SWS) based on a dual-channel triboelectric nanogenerator was presented for a real-time health monitoring system. The SWS can be worn on wrists, ankles, shoes, or other parts of the body and cloth, converting mechanical triggers into electrical output. By analyzing these signals, the SWS can precisely and constantly monitor and distinguish various motion states, including stepping, walking, running, and jumping. Based on the SWS, a fall-down alarm system and a sleep quality assessment system were constructed to provide personal healthcare monitoring and alert family members or doctors via communication devices. It is important for the healthy growth of the young and special patient groups, as well as for the health monitoring and medical care of the elderly and recovered patients. This work aimed to broaden the paths for remote biological movement status analysis and provide diversified perspectives for true-time and long-term health monitoring, simultaneously.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Nutritional Habits of the Third Age Students in Poznań

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pracka ◽  
Marcin Dziedziński ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Habits ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
The Third

AbstractIn recent years have seen increasing percentage of the elderly in the overall population. This has driven the attention to the lifestyle factors that influence the health and quality of life of this social group, including their nutrition and physical activity. Universities of the Third Age (U3A) are a valuable platform for the dissemination and broadening of the knowledge related to these topics. The nutritional habits of 61 U3A students in Poznań were evaluated on the basis of a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Their nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) indices. Nearly half of the respondents were overweight and 16% had first degree obesity. The WHR index in women was on average 0.8, while in men it was 1.01. Only 13% of the students declared regular eating, with 60% consuming 4-5 meals a day. Women were found to eat snacks between meals more often than men. It was also found that the majority of the elderly do not add salt to ready meals or sweeten beverages with sugars. Taking into account the observed nutritional problems and the occurrence of improper eating habits of the elderly, it is recommended to continue the education on the prevention of common diet-related diseased.

scholarly journals Saliva and its potential in covid-19 cannot be ignored: a point of view

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sukhvinder Singh Oberoi ◽  
Shabina Sachdeva ◽  
Shibani Grover ◽  
Vivek Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Duct Cells ◽  
Gland Duct

Abstract It has been demonstrated that salivary gland duct cells have similar receptors as ACE2-positive cells/keratin epithelial cells of the lung which have high potential to be infected by SARS-CoV 2 virus. The aerosols carrying virus have penetration into the healthy human body and lungs via inhalation through nose or mouth.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

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