scholarly journals Bacterial Nanocellulose in Dentistry: Perspectives and Challenges

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Hélida Gomes de Oliveira Barud ◽  
Robson Rosa da Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Costa Borges ◽  
Guillermo Raul Castro ◽  
Sidney José Lima Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Artificial Blood Vessels ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Dressing Materials

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.

Magnetic Nanoparticles: Current Trends and Future Aspects in Diagnostics and Nanomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naga Veera Srikanth Vallabani ◽  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Ajay Singh Karakoti
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Near Future

Background: Biomedical applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs) are creating a major impact on disease diagnosis and nanomedicine or a combined platform called theranostics. A significant progress has been made to engineer novel and hybrid MNPs for their multifunctional modalities such as imaging, biosensors, chemotherapeutic or photothermal and antimicrobial agents. MNPs are successfully applied in biomedical applications due to their unique and tunable properties such as superparamagnetism, stability, and biocompatibility. Approval of ferumoxytol (feraheme) for MRI and the fact that several Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are currently undergoing clinical trials have paved a path for future MNPs formulations. Intensive research is being carried out in designing and developing novel nanohybrids for multiple applications in nanomedicine. Objective: The objective of the present review is to summarize recent developments of MNPs in imaging modalities like MRI, CT, PET and PA, biosensors and nanomedicine including their role in targeting and drug delivery. Relevant theory and examples of the use of MNPs in these applications have been cited and discussed to create a thorough understanding of the developments in this field. Conclusion: MNPs have found widespread use as contrast agents in imaging modalities, as tools for bio-sensing, and as therapeutic and theranostics agents. Multiple formulations of MNPs are in clinical testing and may be accepted in clinical settings in near future.

scholarly journals Sericin based nanoformulations: a comprehensive review on molecular mechanisms of interaction with organisms to biological applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitishree Das ◽  
Han-Seung Shin ◽  
Estefânia V. Ramos Campos ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto ◽  
Maria del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Silkworm Cocoon ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Background The advances in products based on nanotechnology have directed extensive research on low-cost, biologically compatible, and easily degradable materials. Main body Sericin (SER) is a protein mainly composed of glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and threonine amino acids removed from the silkworm cocoon (particularly Bombyx mori and other species). SER is a biocompatible material with economic viability, which can be easily functionalized due to its potential crosslink reactions. Also, SER has inherent biological properties, which makes possible its use as a component of pharmaceutical formulations with several biomedical applications, such as anti-tumor, antimicrobials, antioxidants and as scaffolds for tissue repair as well as participating in molecular mechanisms attributed to the regulation of transcription factors, reduction of inflammatory signaling molecules, stimulation of apoptosis, migration, and proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Conclusion In this review, the recent innovations on SER-based nano-medicines (nanoparticles, micelles, films, hydrogels, and their hybrid systems) and their contributions for non-conventional therapies are discussed considering different molecular mechanisms for promoting their therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Polymer Based Sensors

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Giancarla Alberti ◽  
Camilla Zanoni ◽  
Vittorio Losi ◽  
Lisa Rita Magnaghi ◽  
Raffaela Biesuz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
New Devices

This review illustrates various types of polymer and nanocomposite polymeric based sensors used in a wide variety of devices. Moreover, it provides an overview of the trends and challenges in sensor research. As fundamental components of new devices, polymers play an important role in sensing applications. Indeed, polymers offer many advantages for sensor technologies: their manufacturing methods are pretty simple, they are relatively low-cost materials, and they can be functionalized and placed on different substrates. Polymers can participate in sensing mechanisms or act as supports for the sensing units. Another good quality of polymer-based materials is that their chemical structure can be modified to enhance their reactivity, biocompatibility, resistance to degradation, and flexibility.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Assistive Robot for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders to Aid in Daily Living Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3974
Author(s):  
Roberto J. López-Sastre ◽  
Marcos Baptista-Ríos ◽  
Francisco Javier Acevedo-Rodríguez ◽  
Soraya Pacheco-da-Costa ◽  
Saturnino Maldonado-Bascón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Assistive Robot ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Everyday Living

In this paper, we present a new low-cost robotic platform that has been explicitly developed to increase children with neurodevelopmental disorders’ involvement in the environment during everyday living activities. In order to support the children and youth with both the sequencing and learning of everyday living tasks, our robotic platform incorporates a sophisticated online action detection module that is capable of monitoring the acts performed by users. We explain all the technical details that allow many applications to be introduced to support individuals with functional diversity. We present this work as a proof of concept, which will enable an assessment of the impact that the developed technology may have on the collective of children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders in the near future.

Injectable keratin hydrogels as hemostatic and wound dressing materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ao Tang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Yiqian Yao ◽  
Xuexia Yang ◽  
Zhangjun Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Dressing Materials ◽  
Administration Procedure ◽  
Wound Dressing Materials

Injectable hydrogels hold promise in biomedical applications due to their noninvasive administration procedure, and capacity enabling the filling of irregularly shaped defects. Protein-based hydrogels provide features including good biocompatibility and...

scholarly journals Resolvin E1 accelerates pulp repair by regulating inflammation and stimulating dentin regeneration in dental pulp stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Huaxing Xu ◽  
Kun Xia ◽  
Shuhua Cheng ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pulp Inflammation ◽  
Inflammation Resolution ◽  
Pulp Repair ◽  
Dentin Regeneration

Abstract Background Unresolved inflammation and tissue destruction are considered to underlie the failure of dental pulp repair. As key mediators of the injury response, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a critical role in pulp tissue repair and regeneration. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid metabolite, is effective in resolving inflammation and activating wound healing. However, whether RvE1 facilitates injured pulp-tissue repair and regeneration through timely resolution of inflammation and rapid mobilization of DPSCs is unknown. Therefore, we established a pulp injury model and investigated the effects of RvE1 on DPSC-mediated inflammation resolution and injured pulp repair. Methods A pulp injury model was established using 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pulp capping with a collagen sponge immersed in PBS with RvE1 or PBS. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunohistofluorescence were used to evaluate the prohealing properties of RvE1. hDPSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and the expression of inflammatory factors after RvE1 application was measured. Effects of RvE1 on hDPSC proliferation, chemotaxis, and odontogenic differentiation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and quantitative PCR, and possible signaling pathways were explored using western blotting. Results In vivo, RvE1 reduced the necrosis rate of damaged pulp and preserved more vital pulps, and promoted injured pulp repair and reparative dentin formation. Further, it enhanced dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein expression and accelerated pulp inflammation resolution by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β expression. RvE1 enhanced the recruitment of CD146+ and CD105+ DPSCs to the damaged molar pulp mesenchyme. Isolated primary cells exhibited the mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype and differentiation. RvE1 promoted hDPSC proliferation and chemotaxis. RvE1 significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release and enhanced ALP activity, nodule mineralization, and especially, expression of the odontogenesis-related genes DMP1, DSPP, and BSP in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. RvE1 regulated AKT, ERK, and rS6 phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. Conclusions RvE1 promotes pulp inflammation resolution and dentin regeneration and positively influences the proliferation, chemotaxis, and differentiation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs. This response is, at least partially, dependent on AKT, ERK, and rS6-associated signaling in the inflammatory microenvironment. RvE1 has promising application potential in regenerative endodontics.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENT ON GROWING HYDROPONICS MAIZE FODDER USING LOW-COST GREENHOUSE CULTIVATING UNIT FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Adamu, B. ◽  
Abdullahi, S. ◽  
Saidu, S. G ◽  
Yustus Sunday Francis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Production System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Water ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
Food Requirement ◽  
Greenhouse Cultivation ◽  
Near Future

The term 'Hydroponics' was derived from Greek words 'hydro' means water and 'ponics' means labor. Hydroponic is a modern agricultural technique that uses nutrient solution rather than soil solution for fodder production. As population increases the food demand also increased, the existing system of agriculture will not be able to meet the food requirement in the near future due to environmental challenges in the industry. The major environmental factors affecting the hydroponics production system are; Temperature, relative humidity, and light. The objectives of this studies are to examine the hydroponics greenhouse technologies, impact of environmental factors on hydroponics greenhouse cultivation and challenges of growing on hydroponics greenhouse system. This study revealed that hydroponics greenhouse cultivation is a better option for improved fodder production, water utilization, palatability and digestibility.

Oligonucleotides carrying nucleoside antimetabolites as potential prodrugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Fàbrega ◽  
Anna Clua ◽  
Ramon Eritja ◽  
Anna Aviñó
Keyword(s):  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Dna Nanostructures ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Large Research

Background: Nucleoside and nucleobase antimetabolites are an important class of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer as well as other diseases. Introduction: In order to avoid undesirable side effects, several prodrug strategies have been developed for that purpose. In the present review, we describe a relatively unknown strategy that consists in the use of oligonucleotides modified with nucleoside antimetabolites as prodrugs. Method: The active nucleotides are generated by enzymatic degradation once incorporated into cells. This strategy has attracted large interest and is very active at present due to the continuous developments made on therapeutic oligonucleotides and the recent advances in the field of nanomaterials and nanomedicine. Results: A large research effort was done mainly in the improvement of the antiproliferative properties of nucleoside homopolymers, but recently, chemically modified aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides and/or siRNA carrying antiproliferative nucleotides have demonstrated a great potential due to the synergetic effect of both therapeutic entities. In addition, DNA nanostructures with interesting properties have been built to combine antimetabolites and enhancers of cellular uptake in the same scaffold. Finally, protein nanoparticles functionalized with receptor-binders and antiproliferative oligomers represent a new avenue for a more effective treatment in cancer therapy. Conclusion: It is expected that oligonucleotides carrying nucleoside antimetabolites will be considered as potential drugs in the near future for biomedical applications.

2D MXene Nanomaterials for Versatile Biomedical Applications: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2100946
Author(s):  
Beibei Lu ◽  
Zhenye Zhu ◽  
Biyuan Ma ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Rongshu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Current Trends
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