scholarly journals Protective Effects of a Strawberry Ellagitannin-Rich Extract against Pro-Oxidative and Pro-Inflammatory Dysfunctions Induced by a High-Fat Diet in a Rat Model

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5874
Author(s):  
Ewa Żary-Sikorska ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Adam Jurgoński ◽  
Monika Kosmala ◽  
Joanna Milala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Plasma Parameters

Due to the demonstrated intestinal microbial transformation of strawberry ellagitannins (ET) into bioactive metabolites, in the current study on rats, we hypothesised that the dietary addition of a strawberry ET-rich extract (S-ET) to a high-fat diet (HFD) would attenuate disturbances in the redox and lipid status as well as in the inflammatory response. We randomly distributed 48 Wistar rats into six groups and used two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the effects of two main factors—diet type (standard and high-fat) and ET dosage (without, low, and 3× higher)—applied to rats for 4 weeks. In relation to the hypothesis, irrespective of the dosage, the dietary application of ET resulted in the desired attenuating effects in rats fed a HFD as manifested by decreased body weight gain, relative mass of the epididymal pad, hepatic fat, oxidized glutathione (GSSG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations as well as desired modifications in the blood plasma parameters. These beneficial changes were enhanced by the high dietary addition of ET, which was associated with considerably higher concentrations of ET metabolites in the urine and plasma of rats. The results indicated that S-ET could be effectively used for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disturbances associated with obesity, dyslipidaemia, redox status imbalance, and inflammation.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Individual and Combined Low Dose Beta-Carotene and Metformin Treatments against High-Fat Diet-Induced Responses in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607
Author(s):  
Bojan Stojnić ◽  
Alba Serrano ◽  
Lana Sušak ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
M. Luisa Bonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake

Anti-obesity activity has been reported for beta-carotene (BC) supplementation at high doses and metformin (MET). We studied whether BC treatment at a closer to dietary dose and MET treatment at a lower than therapeutic dose are effective in ameliorating unwanted effects of an obesogenic diet and whether their combination is advantageous. Obesity-prone mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy as fat) for 4 weeks while receiving a placebo or being treated orally with BC (3 mg/kg/day), MET (100 mg/kg/day), or their combination (BC+MET); a fifth group received a placebo and was kept on a normal-fat diet (10% energy as fat). HFD-induced increases in body weight gain and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) adipocyte size were attenuated maximally or selectively in the BC+MET group, in which a redistribution towards smaller adipocytes was noted. Cumulative energy intake was unaffected, yet results suggested increased systemic energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activation in the treated groups. Unwanted effects of HFD on glucose control and insulin sensitivity were attenuated in the treated groups, especially BC and BC+MET, in which hepatic lipid content was also decreased. Transcriptional analyses suggested effects on skeletal muscle and WAT metabolism could contribute to better responses to the HFD, especially in the MET and BC+MET groups. The results support the benefits of the BC+MET cotreatment.

Protective effects of phyllanthin, a lignan from Phyllanthus amarus, against progression of high fat diet induced metabolic disturbances in mice

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (63) ◽  
pp. 58343-58353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Jagtap ◽  
Pragyanshu Khare ◽  
Priyanka Mangal ◽  
Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi ◽  
Mahendra Bishnoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Phyllanthus Amarus ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Induced Changes

Phyllanthin delayed the progression of high fat diet induced changes affecting lipid and glucose metabolism such as adiposity, hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, inflammation, lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Fenugreek Seed Extract Inhibit Fat Accumulation and Ameliorates Dyslipidemia in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Uma Bhandari ◽  
Shrirang Jamadagni
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Obese Rats

This study investigated the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract ofTrigonella foenum-graecumseeds (AqE-TFG) on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia in high fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese rats. Female Wistar rats were fed with HFDad libitum, and the rats on HFD were treated orally with AqE-TFG or orlistat ((HFD for 28 days + AqE-TFG (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) or orlistat (10 mg/kg) from day 8 to 28), respectively. Treatment with AqE-TFG produced significant reduction in body weight gain, body mass index (BMI), white adipose tissue (WAT) weights, blood glucose, serum insulin, lipids, leptin, lipase, and apolipoprotein-B levels and elevation in adiponectin levels. AqE-TFG improved serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. AqE-TFG treatment reduced the hepatic and cardiac thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and elevated the antioxidant enzyme (glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) levels. In addition, liver and uterine WAT lipogenic enzyme (fatty acid synthetase (FAS) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)) activities were restored towards normal levels. These findings demonstrated the preventive effect of AqE-TFG on fat accumulation and dyslipidemia, due to inhibition of impaired lipid digestion and absorption, in addition to improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancement of insulin sensitivity, increased antioxidant defense, and downregulation of lipogenic enzymes.

scholarly journals Fermented Cordyceps militaris Extract Prevents Hepatosteatosis and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in High Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khoi Song Tran ◽  
Goon-Tae Kim ◽  
Si-Hyun Park ◽  
Dongyup Lee ◽  
Soon-Mi Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Cordyceps Militaris ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Dose Dependent

Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. The objective of this study was to evaluate protective effects of fermented Cordyceps militaris extract by Pediococcus pentosaceus ON188 (ONE) against hepatosteatosis and obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD mixed with ONE for four weeks and its effects on hepatosteatosis and obesity were examined. Although ONE did not change food intake, it reduced body weights of mice at administration dose of 200 mg/kg/day. Activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) as plasma parameters were reduced by ONE in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic lipid droplets and triglyceride (TG) levels were also reduced by ONE due to upregulation of fatty acid oxidizing genes such as carnithine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor α(PPARα) mediated by induction of sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2). In epididymal fat tissue, sizes of adipocytes were significantly reduced by ONE in a dose-dependent manner. This is mainly due to suppression of lipogenesis and upregulation of adipocyte browning genes. Collectively, these results suggest that fermented ONE can activate fatty acid oxidation via SPHK2 in the liver. It can also suppress lipogenesis and activate browning in adipose tissue. Thus, ONE might have potential to be used for the development of functional foods against liver dysfunction and obesity.

scholarly journals 18:0 Lyso PC Derived by Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking from Lentil Mutant Lines and Its Effects on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7547
Author(s):  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Hae Ran Park ◽  
Geum Jin Kim ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Ye-Ram Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Molecular Networking ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Functional Components

Lentil (Lens culinaris; Fabaceae), one of the major pulse crops in the world, is an important source of proteins, prebiotics, lipids, and essential minerals as well as functional components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids. To improve crop nutritional and medicinal traits, hybridization and mutation are widely used in plant breeding research. In this study, mutant lentil populations were generated by γ-irradiation for the development of new cultivars by inducing genetic diversity. Molecular networking via Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking web platform and dipeptidyl peptide-IV inhibitor screening assay were utilized as tools for structure-based discovery of active components in active mutant lines selected among the lentil population. The bioactivity-based molecular networking analysis resulted in the annotation of the molecular class of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the most active mutant line. Among PCs, 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0 Lyso PC) was selected for further in vivo study of anti-obesity effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. The administration of 18:0 Lyso PC not only prevented body weight gain and decreased relative gonadal adipose tissue weight, but also attenuated the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin in the sera of HFD-induced obese mice. Additionally, 18:0 Lyso PC treatment inhibited the increase of adipocyte area and crown-like structures in adipose tissue. Therefore, these results suggest that 18:0 Lyso PC is a potential compound to have protective effects against obesity, improving obese phenotype induced by HFD.

scholarly journals Helminthostachys zeylanica alleviates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Chen Chang ◽  
Hao Chiang ◽  
Yu-Heng Lai ◽  
Yu-Ling Huang ◽  
Hsiu-Chen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Helminthostachys Zeylanica

Abstract Background Obesity and its associated health conditions, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are worldwide health problems. It has been shown that insulin resistance is associated with increased hepatic lipid and causes hepatic steatosis through a myriad of mechanisms, including inflammatory signaling. Methods Helminthostachys zeylanica (HZ) is used widely as a common herbal medicine to relieve fever symptoms and inflammatory diseases in Asia. In the present study, we evaluated whether HZ has therapeutic effects on obesity, NAFLD and insulin resistance. The protective effects of HZ extract were examined using free fatty acid-induced steatosis in human HuS-E/2 cells and a high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice. Results The major components of the HZ extract are ugonins J and K, confirmed by HPLC. Incubation of human hepatocytes, HuS-E/2 cells, with palmitate markedly increased lipid accumulation and treatment with the HZ extract significantly decreased lipid deposition and facilitated AMPK and ACC activation. After 12 weeks of a high-fat diet with HZ extract treatment, the HFD mice were protected from hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. HZ extract prevented body weight gain, adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte hypertrophy in the HFD mice. In addition, fat accumulation was reduced in mice livers. Moreover, the insulin sensitivity-associated index, which evaluates insulin function, was also significantly restored. Conclusions These results suggest that HZ has a promising pharmacological effect on high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which may have the potential for clinical application.

Effect of Dietary Fat on Selected Parameters of Toxicity Following 1- or 3-Month Exposure of Rats to Toluidine Isomers

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Jodynis-Liebert ◽  
Hassen A. H. Bennasir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Methemoglobin Formation

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the dietary fat on selected parameters of toluidines toxicity in rats during sub-chronic exposure. Three isomers of toluidine ( ortho, meta, and para) were administered to rats in the diet for 1 and 3 months at levels 40, 80, 160 mg/kg/day in two kinds of diet containing either 4% or 14% fat. All doses of toluidine isomers produced a 1.5- to 9.8-fold increase in methemoglobin (MetHb) level during both treatment periods. A distinct dose-response relationship was observed, especially for o- and m-toluidine; the effect was generally greater in rats fed high-fat diet. Reduced glutathione level in liver was increased in all treated groups, 1.5- to 5.1-fold, irrespective of the kind of diet. An increase in hepatic lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS), 1.5- to 4.5-fold, was noticed in the majority of the treated groups. Generally, there was no consistent effect of diet except for p-toluidine where the level of hepatic TBARS was lower in rats fed high-fat diet. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level in animals treated with all doses of o- and m-toluidine was 1.3- to 5.0-fold higher in comparison with respective controls. No clear relationship between BUN level and the kind of diet was found. No effect of toluidines on the activity of serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase (AST) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were observed. In the majority of groups treated for 30 and 90 days the amount of toluidines in 24-h urine was lower in rats fed high-fat diet. Final body weight gain in rats treated with o- and p-toluidine (80 and 160 mg/kg body weight [b.w.]) was lower as compared to controls. In summary the high-fat diet stimulated methemoglobin formation in rats treated with o- and m-toluidine and cause the decrease in the amount of toluidines in 24-h urine. The high content of fat did not affect consistently the other parameters tested.

scholarly journals Lactate-Fortified Puerariae Radix Fermented by Bifidobacterium breve Improved Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysregulation via Alteration of Gut Microbial Communities

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Yura Choi ◽  
Shambhunath Bose ◽  
Na Rae Shin ◽  
Eun-Ji Song ◽  
Young-Do Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Puerariae Radix ◽  
Tnf Α

Background: Puerariae Radix (PR), the dried root of Pueraria lobata, is reported to possess therapeutic efficacies against various diseases including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Fermentation-driven bioactivation of herbal medicines can result in improved therapeutic potencies and efficacies. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet and fructose in water with PR (400 mg/kg) or PR fermented by Bifidobacterium breve (400 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. Histological staining, qPCR, Western blot, and 16s rRNA sequencing were used to determine the protective effects of PR and fermented PR (fPR) against metabolic dysfunction. Results: Treatment with both PR and fPR for 10 weeks resulted in a reduction in body weight gain with a more significant reduction in the latter group. Lactate, important for energy metabolism and homeostasis, was increased during fermentation. Both PR and fPR caused significant down-regulation of the intestinal expression of the MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α genes. However, for the IL-6 and TNF-α gene expressions, the inhibitory effect of fPR was more pronounced (p < 0.01) than that of PR (p < 0.05). Oral glucose tolerance test results showed that both PR and fPR treatments improved glucose homeostasis. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the expression of hepatic gene PPARγ, a key regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism, following fPR but not PR treatment. Activation of hepatic AMPK phosphorylation was significantly enhanced by both PR and fPR treatment. In addition, both PR and fPR reduced adipocyte size in highly significant manners (p < 0.001). Treatment by fPR but not PR significantly reduced the expression of PPARγ and low-density lipoproteins in adipose tissue. Conclusion: Treatment with fPR appears to be more potent than that of PR in improving the pathways related to glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)+fructose-fed animals. The results revealed that the process of fermentation of PR enhanced lactate and facilitated the enrichment of certain microbial communities that contribute to anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activities.

scholarly journals Extract of Wax Gourd Peel Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 Mice via the Inhibition of the PPARγPathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Gu ◽  
Shengjie Fan ◽  
Gaigai Liu ◽  
Lu Guo ◽  
Xiaobo Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Wax Gourd

Wax gourd is a popular vegetable in East Asia. In traditional Chinese medicine, wax gourd peel is used to prevent and treat metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no experimental evidence to support these applications. Here, we examined the effect of the extract of wax gourd peel (EWGP) on metabolic disorders in diet-induced C57BL/6 obese mice. In the preventive experiment, EWGP blocked body weight gain and lowered serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), liver TG and TC contents, and fasting blood glucose in mice fed with a high-fat diet. In the therapeutic study, we induced obesity in the mice and treated with EWGP for two weeks. We found that EWGP treatment reduced serum and liver triglyceride (TG) contents and fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance in the mice. Reporter assay and gene expression analysis showed that EWGP could inhibit peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ) transactivities and could decrease mRNA levels of PPARγand its target genes. We also found that HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) was downregulated in the mouse liver by EWGP. Our data suggest that EWGP lowers hyperlipidemia of C57BL/6 mice induced by high-fat diet via the inhibition of PPARγand HMGCR signaling.

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