scholarly journals Protective Effects of Individual and Combined Low Dose Beta-Carotene and Metformin Treatments against High-Fat Diet-Induced Responses in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607
Author(s):  
Bojan Stojnić ◽  
Alba Serrano ◽  
Lana Sušak ◽  
Andreu Palou ◽  
M. Luisa Bonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake

Anti-obesity activity has been reported for beta-carotene (BC) supplementation at high doses and metformin (MET). We studied whether BC treatment at a closer to dietary dose and MET treatment at a lower than therapeutic dose are effective in ameliorating unwanted effects of an obesogenic diet and whether their combination is advantageous. Obesity-prone mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD, 45% energy as fat) for 4 weeks while receiving a placebo or being treated orally with BC (3 mg/kg/day), MET (100 mg/kg/day), or their combination (BC+MET); a fifth group received a placebo and was kept on a normal-fat diet (10% energy as fat). HFD-induced increases in body weight gain and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) adipocyte size were attenuated maximally or selectively in the BC+MET group, in which a redistribution towards smaller adipocytes was noted. Cumulative energy intake was unaffected, yet results suggested increased systemic energy expenditure and brown adipose tissue activation in the treated groups. Unwanted effects of HFD on glucose control and insulin sensitivity were attenuated in the treated groups, especially BC and BC+MET, in which hepatic lipid content was also decreased. Transcriptional analyses suggested effects on skeletal muscle and WAT metabolism could contribute to better responses to the HFD, especially in the MET and BC+MET groups. The results support the benefits of the BC+MET cotreatment.

scholarly journals 18:0 Lyso PC Derived by Bioactivity-Based Molecular Networking from Lentil Mutant Lines and Its Effects on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7547
Author(s):  
Ah-Reum Han ◽  
Hae Ran Park ◽  
Geum Jin Kim ◽  
Bo-Ram Kim ◽  
Ye-Ram Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Obese Mouse ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Molecular Networking ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Functional Components

Lentil (Lens culinaris; Fabaceae), one of the major pulse crops in the world, is an important source of proteins, prebiotics, lipids, and essential minerals as well as functional components such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and phenolic acids. To improve crop nutritional and medicinal traits, hybridization and mutation are widely used in plant breeding research. In this study, mutant lentil populations were generated by γ-irradiation for the development of new cultivars by inducing genetic diversity. Molecular networking via Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking web platform and dipeptidyl peptide-IV inhibitor screening assay were utilized as tools for structure-based discovery of active components in active mutant lines selected among the lentil population. The bioactivity-based molecular networking analysis resulted in the annotation of the molecular class of phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the most active mutant line. Among PCs, 1-stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (18:0 Lyso PC) was selected for further in vivo study of anti-obesity effect in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model. The administration of 18:0 Lyso PC not only prevented body weight gain and decreased relative gonadal adipose tissue weight, but also attenuated the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and leptin in the sera of HFD-induced obese mice. Additionally, 18:0 Lyso PC treatment inhibited the increase of adipocyte area and crown-like structures in adipose tissue. Therefore, these results suggest that 18:0 Lyso PC is a potential compound to have protective effects against obesity, improving obese phenotype induced by HFD.

scholarly journals Cranberry Polyphenolic Extract Exhibits an Antiobesity Effect on High-Fat Diet–Fed Mice through Increased Thermogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2131-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhou ◽  
Jielong Guo ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Yunxiao Gao ◽  
Qimin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract ◽  
Brown Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Although polyphenol-rich cranberry extracts reportedly have an antiobesity effect, the exact reason for this remains unclear. Objectives In light of the reported health benefits of the polyphenolic compounds in cranberry, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a cranberry polyphenolic extract (CPE) in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed obese mice. Methods The distributions of individual CPE compounds were characterized by HPLC fingerprinting. Male C57BL/6J mice (4 wk old) were fed for 16 wk normal diet (ND, 10% fat energy) or HFD (60% fat energy) with or without 0.75% CPE in drinking water (HFD + CPE). Body and adipose depot weights, indices of glucose metabolism, energy expenditure (EE), and expression of genes related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, and inguinal/epididymal white adipose tissue (iWAT/eWAT) browning were measured. Results After 16 wk, the body weight was 22.5% lower in the CPE-treated mice than in the HFD group but remained 17.9% higher than in the ND group. CPE treatment significantly increased EE compared with that of the ND and HFD groups. The elevated EE was linked with BAT thermogenesis, and iWAT/eWAT browning, shown by the induction of thermogenic genes, especially uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and browning-related genes, including Cd137, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (Tnfrsf9). The mRNA expression and abundance of uncoupling protein 1 in BAT of CPE-fed mice were 5.78 and 1.47 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.61 and 1.12 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. Cd137 gene expression in iWAT and eWAT of CPE-fed mice were 2.35 and 3.13 times higher than in the HFD group, and 0.84 and 1.39 times higher than in the ND group, respectively. Conclusions Dietary CPE reduced but did not normalize HFD-induced body weight gain in male C57BL/6J mice, possibly by affecting energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice by Modulating the Expression of Molecules Involved in Adipogenesis and Thermogenesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Shen ◽  
Su Jin Song ◽  
Narae Keum ◽  
Taesun Park
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Olive Leaf ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Olive Leaf Extract

The present study aimed to investigate whether olive leaf extract (OLE) prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Mice were randomly divided into groups that received a chow diet (CD), HFD, or 0.15% OLE-supplemented diet (OLD) for 8 weeks. OLD-fed mice showed significantly reduced body weight gain, visceral fat-pad weights, and plasma lipid levels as compared with HFD-fed mice. OLE significantly reversed the HFD-induced upregulation of WNT10b- and galanin-mediated signaling molecules and key adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPα, CD36, FAS, and leptin) in the epididymal adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, the HFD-induced downregulation of thermogenic genes involved in uncoupled respiration (SIRT1, PGC1α, and UCP1) and mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, NRF-1, and COX2) was also significantly reversed by OLE. These results suggest that OLE exerts beneficial effects against obesity by regulating the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and thermogenesis in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice.

Brown adipose tissue metabolism in ob/ob mice: effects of a high-fat diet and adrenalectomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. E149-E157
Author(s):  
H. K. Kim ◽  
D. R. Romsos
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Adrenalectomy prevents development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets partly by stimulating the low thermogenic capacity of their brown adipose tissue (BAT). Adrenalectomy, however, fails to prevent development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Effects of adrenalectomy on BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet were thus examined. ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet developed gross obesity despite normal BAT metabolism, as assessed by rates of norepinephrine turnover in BAT, GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and GDP-inhibitable, chloride-induced mitochondrial swelling. Adrenalectomy failed to arrest the development of obesity or to influence BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet. Development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet is not associated with low thermogenic capacity of BAT or with adrenal secretions, as it is in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets.

scholarly journals Maternal separation enhances anticontractile perivascular adipose tissue function in male rats on a high-fat diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. R1085-R1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia S. Loria ◽  
Frank T. Spradley ◽  
Ijeoma E. Obi ◽  
Bryan K. Becker ◽  
Carmen De Miguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue

Clinical studies have shown that obesity negatively impacts large arteries’ function. We reported that rats exposed to maternal separation (MatSep), a model of early life stress, display enhanced angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vasoconstriction in aortic rings cleaned of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) under normal diet (ND) conditions. We hypothesized that exposure to MatSep promotes a greater loss of PVAT-mediated protective effects on vascular function and loss of blood pressure (BP) rhythm in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) when compared with controls. MatSep was performed in male Wistar-Kyoto rats from days 2 to 14 of life. Normally reared littermates served as controls. On ND, aortic rings from MatSep rats with PVAT removed showed increased ANG II-mediated vasoconstriction versus controls; however, rings from MatSep rats with intact PVAT displayed blunted constriction. This effect was exacerbated by an HFD in both groups; however, the anticontractile effect of PVAT was greater in MatSep rats. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was similar in MatSep and control rats fed an ND, regardless of the presence of PVAT. HFD impaired aortic relaxation in rings without PVAT from MatSep rats, whereas the presence of PVAT improved relaxation in both groups. On an HFD, immunolocalization of vascular smooth muscle-derived ANG-(1–7) and PVAT-derived adiponectin abundances were increased in MatSep. In rats fed an HFD, 24-h BP and BP rhythms were similar between groups. In summary, MatSep enhanced the ability of PVAT to blunt the heightened ANG II-induced vasoconstriction and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed an HFD. This protective effect may be mediated via the upregulation of vasoprotective factors within the adipovascular axis.

The novel non‐steroidal MR antagonist finerenone improves metabolic parameters in high‐fat diet‐fed mice and activates brown adipose tissue via AMPK‐ATGL pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 12450-12465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marzolla ◽  
Alessandra Feraco ◽  
Stefania Gorini ◽  
Caterina Mammi ◽  
Carmen Marrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Defective trophic response of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E800-E807
Author(s):  
J. Triandafillou ◽  
W. Hellenbrand ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Hamsters with muscular dystrophy (BIO 14.6) have a smaller than normal amount of brown adipose tissue. Two stimuli that promote growth of brown adipose tissue in normal hamsters, short photoperiod and eating a high-fat diet, are here shown to be without effect on brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue occurs normally [Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C18–C22, 1980]. There is a normal rate of turnover of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue of the myopathic hamster but a failure of the tissue to hypertrophy in response to norepinephrine is unlikely since norepinephrine does not appear to mediate the trophic response [Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Endocrinol. Metab. 10): E793–E799, 1984]. Denervation results in a marked reduction in size (protein content) of brown adipose tissue of normal hamsters but has very little effect on the size of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. A central, possibly hypothalamic, defect in the myopathic hamster is postulated to underlie its abnormal control of brown adipose tissue hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals The Role of Berberine in the Prevention of HIF-1α Activation to Alleviate Adipose Tissue Fibrosis in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meilin Hu ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Jinlong Luo ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Ke Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chinese Herb ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Fibrosis

Berberine (BBR) is the main active ingredient of a traditional Chinese herb Coptis chinensis. It has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects in treating diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Adipose tissue fibrosis is a hallmark of obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction. HIF-1α plays a key role in adipose tissue fibrosis, which closely linked to metabolic dysfunction in obese state. We hypothesized that BBR may alleviate obesity-induced adipose tissue fibrosis and associated metabolic dysfunction through inhibition of HIF-1α. To test this hypothesis, we treated high fat diet (HFD) feeding mice with different dose of BBR (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. We found that BBR treatment greatly decreased the body weight gain and reduced insulin resistance induced by HFD. Data also revealed that BBR improved histologic fibrous of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and was accompanied with inhibition of the abnormal synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin. We also found that BBR treatment suppressed the expression of HIF-1α and decreased the mRNA expression of LOX in epididymal adipose tissue, which plays a key role in fibrosis development. Taken together, these results suggest that BBR can regulate metabolic homeostasis and suppress adipose tissue fibrosis through inhibiting the expression of HIF-1α.

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