scholarly journals Hemocyanin Modification of Chitosan Scaffolds with Calcium Phosphate Phases Increase the Osteoblast/Osteoclast Activity Ratio—A Co-Culture Study

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4580
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kruppke ◽  
Christiane Heinemann ◽  
Jana Farack ◽  
Simy Weil ◽  
Eliahu David Aflalo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Delayed Differentiation ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds

The ongoing research on biomaterials that support bone regeneration led to the quest for materials or material modifications that can actively influence the activity or balance of bone tissue cells. The bone biocompatibility of porous chitosan scaffolds was modified in the present study by the addition of calcium phosphates or hemocyanin. The first strategy comprised the incorporation of calcium phosphates into chitosan to create a biomimetic chitosan—mineral phase composite. The second strategy comprised dip-coating of chitosan scaffolds with hemocyanin extracted from crayfish hemolymph. The cytocompatibility was assessed in a mono-culture of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and their differentiation to osteoblasts; in a mono-culture of human monocytes (hMs) and their maturation to osteoclasts; and in a co-culture of hBMSC/osteoblasts—hM/osteoclasts. Mineral incorporation caused an increase in scaffold bioactivity, as shown by reduced calcium concentration in the cell culture medium, delayed differentiation of hBMSCs, and reduced osteoclastic maturation of hMs in mono-culture. Dip-coating with hemocyanin led to increased proliferation of hBMSCs and equivalent osteoclast maturation in mono-culture, while in co-culture, both an inhibitory effect of mineral incorporation on osteoblastogenesis and stimulatory effects of hemocyanin were observed. It was concluded that highly bioactive scaffolds (containing mineral phases) restrain osteoblast and osteoclast development, while hemocyanin coating significantly supports osteoblastogenesis. These influences on the osteoblasts/osteoclasts activity ratio may support scaffold-driven bone healing in the future.

3D Porous Chitosan Scaffolds Suit Survival and Neural Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingmei Feng ◽  
Xiaohui Lu ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Jing Xing ◽  
Guijuan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds

Design of Functional Polymer and Composite Scaffolds for the Regeneration of Bone, Menisci, Osteochondral and Peripheral Nervous Tissues

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Guarino ◽  
Antonio Gloria ◽  
Marco A. Alvarez-Perez ◽  
Maria Grazia Raucci ◽  
Valentina Cirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
Salt Leaching ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Meniscus Regeneration ◽  
Optimal Approach

In order to mimic the behaviors of natural tissue, the optimal approach for designing novel biomaterials has to be inspired to nature guidelines. One of the major challenge consists in the development of well-organized structures or scaffolds with controlled porosity in terms of pore size, pore shape and interconnection degree able to guide new tissue formation during the in vivo degradation following the scaffold implantation. Scaffolds endowed with molecular cues together to a controlled degradation profile should contribute to cell proliferation and differentiation, controlled vascularization, promoting the remodeling of neo tissue through a gradual transmission of bio-chemicals and biophysical signals as performed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, different polymers and composites have been investigated to design scaffolds with peculiar micro and/or nanometric morphological features in order to satisfy all these requirements: a) bioactive scaffolds, with tailored porosity and high pores interconnectivity were developed by integrating PLA fibres, Calcium Phosphates particles or Hyaff11 phases into a Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix by the combination of filament winding technology and phase inversion/salt leaching technique as mineralised ECM analogue for bone regeneration; b) custom made PCL/hydroxyapatite scaffolds were designed by imaging and rapid prototyping technologies for the osteochondral defect. c) Ester of Hyaluronic Acid reinforced with degradable fibres were processed by composite technology, phase inversion and salt leaching technique, to obtain scaffolds for meniscus regeneration. d) PCL and gelatin nanofibres were obtained by highly customized fibre deposition via electrospinning to guide the nerve outgrowth in nerve regeneration. All the proposed approaches offer the chance of realizing tailor-made platforms with micro/nanoscale architecture and chemical composition suitable for the regeneration of the extracellular matrix of a large variety of natural tissues (i.e, bone, menisci, osteochondral and peripheral nervous tissues).

scholarly journals A Healing Method of Tympanic Membrane Perforations Using Three-Dimensional Porous Chitosan Scaffolds

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 2763-2772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jangho Kim ◽  
Seung Won Kim ◽  
Seong Jun Choi ◽  
Ki Taek Lim ◽  
Jong Bin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tympanic Membrane Perforations ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds

Fabrication of porous chitosan scaffolds for soft tissue engineering using dense gas CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1653-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengdong Ji ◽  
Nasim Annabi ◽  
Ali Khademhosseini ◽  
Fariba Dehghani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Dense Gas ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds ◽  
Soft Tissue Engineering

Sol-Gel Derived Two-Dimensional Nanostructures of Calcium Phosphates

2014 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prichodko ◽  
V. Jonauske ◽  
M. Cepenko ◽  
A. Beganskiene ◽  
A. Kareiva
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Main Components

Calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, CHAp), tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2, TCP) and calcium oxide (CaO) are the main components of inorganic part of human bones. Such synthetic nanocomposites could be very important implantable materials and using as substitute material for human hard tissues (bones and teeth). In this study, an aqueous sol-gel chemistry route has been developed to prepare nanostructured CHAp thin films on stainless steel substrate. For the preparation of thin films dip-coating and spin-coating techniques were used. The final samples were obtained by calcination of coatings for different time at 1000 °C. For the characterization of surface properties, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the contact angle measurements were recorded.

scholarly journals Human platelet-rich plasma improves the nesting and differentiation of human chondrocytes cultured in stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141769754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sancho-Tello ◽  
Sara Martorell ◽  
Manuel Mata Roig ◽  
Lara Milián ◽  
MA Gámiz-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Articular Chondrocytes ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Porous Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Scaffolds

The clinical management of large-size cartilage lesions is difficult due to the limited regenerative ability of the cartilage. Different biomaterials have been used to develop tissue engineering substitutes for cartilage repair, including chitosan alone or in combination with growth factors to improve its chondrogenic properties. The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the benefits of combining activated platelet-rich plasma with a stabilized porous chitosan scaffold for cartilage regeneration. To achieve this purpose, stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds were prepared using freeze gelation and combined with activated platelet-rich plasma. Human primary articular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds with and without combination to activated platelet-rich plasma. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the morphological characterization of the resulting scaffolds. Cell counts were performed in hematoxylin and eosin–stained sections, and type I and II collagen expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Significant increase in cell number in activated platelet-rich plasma/stabilized porous chitosan was found compared with stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds. Chondrocytes grown on stabilized porous chitosan expressed high levels of type I collagen but type II was not detectable, whereas cells grown on activated platelet rich plasma/stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds expressed high levels of type II collagen and type I was almost undetectable. In summary, activated platelet-rich plasma increases nesting and induces the differentiation of chondrocytes cultured on stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds.

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