scholarly journals Influence of Microbial Transglutaminase on Physicochemical and Cross-Linking Characteristics of Individual Caseins

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3992
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Chen ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Der-Sheng Chan ◽  
Bang-Yuan Chen ◽  
Hsien-Wei Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Microbial Transglutaminase ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effects of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) cross-linking on the physicochemical characteristics of individual caseins were investigated. MTGase was used to modify three major individual caseins, namely, κ-casein (κ-CN), αS-casein (αS-CN) and β-casein (β-CN). The SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that MTGase-induced cross-linking occurred during the reaction and that some components with high molecular weights (>130 kDa) were formed from the individual proteins κ-CN, αS-CN and β-CN. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis respectively demonstrated that the κ-CN, αS-CN and β-CN particle diameters and protein microstructures were larger and polymerized after MTGase cross-linking. The polymerized κ-CN (~749.9 nm) was smaller than that of β-CN (~7909.3 nm) and αS-CN (~7909.3 nm). The enzyme kinetics results showed KM values of 3.04 × 10−6, 2.37 × 10−4 and 8.90 × 10−3 M for κ-CN, αS-CN and β-CN, respectively, and, furthermore, kcat values of 5.17 × 10−4, 1.92 × 10−3 and 4.76 × 10−2 1/s, for κ-CN, αS-CN and β-CN, respectively. Our results revealed that the cross-linking of β-CN catalyzed by MTGase was faster than that of αS-CN or κ-CN. Overall, the polymers that formed in the individual caseins in the presence of MTGase presented a higher molecular weight and larger particles.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of αs-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1630
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Chen ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Wen-Tai Li ◽  
Ken-Lin Chang ◽  
Hsien-Wei Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Investigation ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Individual

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT)-assisted transglutaminase (TGase) catalysis on the physicochemical properties of individual αs-casein (αs-CN), β-casein (β-CN), and κ-casein (κ-CN) were investigated. After 60 min of incubation at 30 °C, αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were cross-linked with TGase (6.0 units/mL), and high molecular weight polymers (>200 kDa) were formed. The use of TGase in conjunction with UT (20 kHz, power of 400 W, and amplitude 20%) led to an increase in the rate of αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN polymerization compared to the individual casein that contained TGase but did not undergo UT. SDS-PAGE scrutiny showed that the intensities of αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN incubation with regard to TGase and UT at 30 °C for 60 min noticeably decreased to 5.66 ± 0.39, 3.97 ± 0.43, and 26.07 ± 1.18%, respectively (p < 0.05). Particle size analysis results indicated that the molecule size appropriation for the cross-linking of αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN ranged from 6000 to 10,000 nm after 60 min incubation with TGase and UT. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed network structures of cross-linking αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were formed from αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN, respectively. As our results show, the comprehensive utilization of TGase and UT will be a superior method for the polymerization of αs-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN.

Inhalation of nail dust from onychomycotic toenails. Part I. Characterization of particles. 1984

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Abramson ◽  
J Wilton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nail dust particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy for size and topography. The percentage of "fines" that could be inhaled and deposited in the alveoli and bronchioles were determined by quantitative particle size analysis. Distribution representing the largest total mass was graphed between 1 and 2 microns. The authors found that 86% of nail dust would reach the bronchioles and alveoli, and 31% could be expected to deposit in these areas.

scholarly journals Influence of Chymosin on Physicochemical and Hydrolysis Characteristics of Casein Micelles and Individual Caseins

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2594
Author(s):  
Chun-Chi Chen ◽  
Liang-Yu Chen ◽  
Wen-Tai Li ◽  
Ken-Lin Chang ◽  
Meng-I Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The effects of chymosin on the physicochemical and hydrolysis characteristics of casein micelles and individual caseins were investigated. Adding 0.03 units of chymosin/mL led to the casein micelles in skim milk coagulating after a 3 h incubation period at 30 °C. SDS–PAGE investigation showed that β-CN, κ-CN, αs-CN, and a portion of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in the milk supernatant fraction (MSF) were precipitated into the milk pellet fraction (MPF). The mean particle size of the MSF with chymosin decreased from 254.4 nm to 179.2 nm after a 3 h incubation period. Mass spectrometry and SDS–PAGE analysis suggested that chymosin hydrolyzed individual β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN, but not β-LG. Chymosin hydrolysis led to a decrease in the molecular weights of the hydrolyzed β-CN, κ-CN, and αs-CN. Particle size analysis indicated that there was no difference in the particle size distribution of hydrolyzed β-CN and αs-CN. Moreover, our outcomes demonstrated that the hydrolysis of κ-CN by chymosin occurs before that of β-CN and αs-CN.

scholarly journals Effects of Prepolymerized Particle Size and Polymerization Kinetics on Volumetric Shrinkage of Dental Modeling Resins

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tae-Yub Kwon ◽  
Jung-Yun Ha ◽  
Ju-Na Chun ◽  
Jun Sik Son ◽  
Kyo-Han Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
Polymerization Kinetics ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Polymerization Shrinkage ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dental modeling resins have been developed for use in areas where highly precise resin structures are needed. The manufacturers claim that these polymethyl methacrylate/methyl methacrylate (PMMA/MMA) resins show little or no shrinkage after polymerization. This study examined the polymerization shrinkage of five dental modeling resins as well as one temporary PMMA/MMA resin (control). The morphology and the particle size of the prepolymerized PMMA powders were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction particle size analysis, respectively. Linear polymerization shrinkage strains of the resins were monitored for 20 minutes using a custom-made linometer, and the final values (at 20 minutes) were converted into volumetric shrinkages. The final volumetric shrinkage values for the modeling resins were statistically similar (P>0.05) or significantly larger (P<0.05) than that of the control resin and were related to the polymerization kinetics (P<0.05) rather than the PMMA bead size (P=0.335). Therefore, the optimal control of the polymerization kinetics seems to be more important for producing high-precision resin structures rather than the use of dental modeling resins.

Particle Size Analysis of Cotton Dust Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Fornes ◽  
M. M. Kleinfelter ◽  
S. P. Hersh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cotton Dust ◽  
Scanning Electron

Particle size distributions of dusts generated in a model card room and collected on filter media by a vertical elutriator having a particle size cut-off of 15 μm dia have been determined using scanning electron microscopy. Photomicrographs, usually at 3000×, were made of the samples and the particle diameters were estimated by the Martin method. It was found that the average particle size of cotton dust samples measured by this technique was smaller than that reported in the literature obtained by light microscopy. It was also found that the distribution of particle sizes does not follow a simple log-normal distribution unless the smallest particles observed in this study are omitted. A bimodal or perhaps a multimodal distribution yields a better representation of the data. It is concluded that scanning electron microscopy is a practical and accurate method for sizing cotton dust particles on filter surfaces.

scholarly journals Functional Properties and Molecular Degradation of Schizostachyum Brachycladum Bamboo Cellulose Nanofibre in PLA-Chitosan Bionanocomposites

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Samsul Rizal ◽  
N. I. Saharudin ◽  
N. G. Olaiya ◽  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Degradation Properties

The degradation and mechanical properties of potential polymeric materials used for green manufacturing are significant determinants. In this study, cellulose nanofibre was prepared from Schizostachyum brachycladum bamboo and used as reinforcement in the PLA/chitosan matrix using melt extrusion and compression moulding method. The cellulose nanofibre(CNF) was isolated using supercritical carbon dioxide and high-pressure homogenisation. The isolated CNF was characterised with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR, zeta potential and particle size analysis. The mechanical, physical, and degradation properties of the resulting biocomposite were studied with moisture content, density, thickness swelling, tensile, flexural, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and biodegradability analysis. The TEM, FT-IR, and particle size results showed successful isolation of cellulose nanofibre using this method. The result showed that the physical, mechanical, and degradation properties of PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite were significantly enhanced with cellulose nanofibre. The density, thickness swelling, and moisture content increased with the addition of CNF. Also, tensile strength and modulus; flexural strength and modulus increased; while the elongation reduced. The carbon residue from the thermal degradation and the glass transition temperature of the PLA/chitosan/CNF biocomposite was observed to increase with the addition of CNF. The result showed that the biocomposite has potential for green and sustainable industrial application.

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

Effect of Different Processing on Corn Starch and Protein

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 990-993
Author(s):  
Jian Zou ◽  
Hai Yan Gao ◽  
Jie Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Milling ◽  
Wet Milling ◽  
Corn Flour ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of samples showed that corn flour granules by fermented and wet-milling were angular, pentagonal or elliptical similar to native starches while samples with extruding and cooking were irregularly fibrous and large granules. Protein of samples with wet-milling exhibited an obvious DSC endotherm, To 85.81°C, Tp 92.95°C, Tc 101.73°C and ΔH 1.614J/g.While the fermented and extruded samples had no endotherm. Ultra-violet absorption spectrometry showed that absorbance of fermented and extruded samples increased and the λmax were slightly red shift. The λmax were 294nm, 297nm and 310nm for wet-milling , fermented and extruded flour, respectively. SDS-PAGE patterns of wet-milling flour contained four bands, fermented samples only three bands while extruded samples had same bands with dry-milling.

Preparation of Amorphous Nanosilica from Philippine Waste Rice Hull via Acid Precipitation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
Rinlee Butch M. Cervera ◽  
Emie A. Salamangkit-Mirasol
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Rice Hull Ash ◽  
Transmission Electron

Rice hull or rice husk (RH) is an agricultural waste obtained from milling rice grains. Since RH has no commercial value and is difficult to use in agriculture, its volume is often reduced through open field burning which is an environmental hazard. In this study, amorphous nanosilica from Philippine waste RH was prepared via acid precipitation method. The synthesized samples were fully characterized for its microstructural properties. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals that the structure of the prepared sample is amorphous in nature while Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed the different vibration bands of the synthesized sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis (PSA) confirmed the presence of agglomerated silica particles. On the other hand, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an amorphous sample with grain sizes of about 5 to 20 nanometer range and has about 95 % purity according to EDS analyses. The elemental mapping also suggests that leaching of rice hull ash effectively removed the metallic impurity such as potassium element in the material. Hence, amorphous nanosilica was successfully prepared via a low-cost acid precipitation method from Philippine waste rice hull.

The Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions Method (Eds) for the Production of Ultrafine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 from Nitrate and Mixed Anion Precursor Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin E. Lakis ◽  
Sidney R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractY1Ba2Cu3O7 has been prepared by the evaporative decomposition of solutions method. Nitrate and mixed anion solutions were atomized and decomposed at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 950°C. The resulting materials have been characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The powder consists of 0.3 micron agglomerated hollow spheres with a primary particle size of 0.06 micron. TGA and x-ray diffraction indicate the presence of barium nitrate and barium carbonate due to incomplete decomposition and/or product contamination by the process environment.

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