scholarly journals Formation and Characterization of β-Lactoglobulin and Gum Arabic Complexes: the Role of pH

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Ziyuan Wang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Jian Gao ◽  
Mengna Cao ◽  
Gerui Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Protein–polysaccharide complexes have received increasing attention as delivery systems to improve the stability and bioavailability of multiple bioactive compounds. However, deep and comprehensive understanding of the interactions between proteins and polysaccharides is still required for enhancing their loading efficiency and facilitating targeted delivery. In this study, we fabricated a type of protein–polysaccharide complexes using food-grade materials of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and gum arabic (GA). The formation and characteristics of β-Lg–GA complexes were investigated by determining the influence of pH and other factors on their turbidity, zeta-potential, particle size and rheology. Results demonstrated that the β-Lg and GA suspension experienced four regimes including co-soluble polymers, soluble complexes, insoluble complexes and co-soluble polymers when the pH ranged from 1.2 to 7 and that β-Lg–GA complexes formed in large quantities at pH 4.2. An increased ratio of β-Lg in the mixtures was found to promote the formation of β-Lg and GA complexes, and the optimal β-Lg/GA ratio was found to be 2:1. The electrostatic interactions between the NH3+ group in β-Lg and the COO− group in GA were confirmed to be the main driving forces for the formation of β-Lg/GA complexes. The formed structure also resulted in enhanced thermal stability and viscosity. These findings provide critical implications for the application of β-lactoglobulin and gum arabic complexes in food research and industry.

Role of miRNAs In Cancer Diagnostics And Therapy: A Recent Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil A. Sayyed ◽  
Piyush Gondaliya ◽  
Palak Bhat ◽  
Mukund Mali ◽  
Neha Arya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Disease Monitoring ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

: The discovery of miRNAs has been one of the revolutionary developments and has led to the advent of new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for the management of cancer. In this regard, miRNA dysregulation has been shown to play a critical role in various stages of tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis as well as angiogenesis. Therefore, miRNA profiling can provide accurate fingerprints for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic platforms. This review discusses the recent discoveries of miRNA-based tools for early detection of cancer as well as disease monitoring in cancers that are common, like breast, lung, hepatic, colorectal, oral and brain cancer. Based on the involvement of miRNA in different cancers as oncogenic miRNA or tumor suppressor miRNA, the treatment with miRNA inhibitors or mimics is recommended. However, the stability and targeted delivery of miRNA remain the major limitations of miRNA delivery. In relation to this, several nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been reported which have effectively delivered the miRNA mimics or inhibitors and showed the potential for transforming these advanced delivery systems from bench to bedside in the treatment of cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. Based on this, we attempted to uncover recently reported advanced nanotherapeutic approaches to deliver the miRNAs in the management of different cancers.

scholarly journals Human DNA Telomeres in Presence of Oxidative Lesions: The Crucial Role of Electrostatic Interactions on the Stability of Guanine Quadruplexes

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hognon ◽  
Gebus ◽  
Barone ◽  
Monari
Keyword(s):  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Empty Site ◽  
Quadruplex Structure ◽  
Abasic Sites ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Guanine Quadruplex ◽  
Guanine Base ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

By using all atom molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the behavior of human DNA telomere sequences in guanine quadruplex (G4) conformation and in the presence of oxidative lesions, namely abasic sites. In particular, we evidenced that while removing one guanine base induces a significant alteration and destabilization of the involved leaflet, human telomere oligomers tend, in most cases, to maintain at least a partial quadruplex structure, eventually by replacing the empty site with undamaged guanines of different leaflets. This study shows that (i) the disruption of the quadruplex leaflets induces the release of at least one of the potassium cations embedded in the quadruplex channel and that (ii) the electrostatic interactions of the DNA sequence with the aforementioned cations are fundamental to the maintenance of the global quadruplex structure.

scholarly journals Development of PLGA-Triiodothyronine Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery in the Cardioprotection Against Ischemic Insult

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Ozen Karakus ◽  
Noureldien H. E. Darwish ◽  
Taher Salaheldin ◽  
P. C. Taylor Dickinson ◽  
Brian Weil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
New Strategy

Abstract Background: Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death globally. Cardioprotection is the process whereby mechanisms that reduce myocardial damage, and activate protective factors, contribute to the preservation of the heart. Targeting these processes could be a new strategy in the treatment of post-ischemic heart failure (HF). Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), which have multiple effects on the heart, prevent myocardial damage. Results: This study describes the formulation, and characterization, of chemically modified polymeric nanoparticles incorporating T3, to target the thyroid hormone receptors. Modified T3 was conjugated to polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) to facilitate the active targeting of PLGA-T3. Modified T3 and PLGA-T3 was characterized with 1H-NMR. Protective role of synthesized Phosphocreatine (PCr) encapsulated PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3/PCr NPs) and PLGA-T3 nanoparticles (PLGA-T3 NPs) in hypoxia-mediated cardiac cell insults were investigated. Conclusions: Data demonstrated that PLGA-T3/PCr NPs represent a potentially new therapeutic for the control of tissue damage in cardiac ischemia and resuscitation.

scholarly journals Complexity and polymorphisms for digraph constraint problems under some basic constructions

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1395-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Jackson ◽  
Tomasz Kowalski ◽  
Todd Niven
Keyword(s):  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problems ◽  
Local Consistency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Graph Theoretic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Basic Graph

The role of polymorphisms in determining the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems is well established. In this context, we study the stability of CSP complexity and polymorphism properties under some basic graph theoretic constructions. As applications we observe a collapse in the applicability of algorithms for CSPs over directed graphs with both a total source and a total sink: the corresponding CSP is solvable by the “few subpowers algorithm” if and only if it is solvable by a local consistency check algorithm. Moreover, we find that the property of “strict width” and solvability by few subpowers are unstable under first-order reductions. The analysis also yields a complete characterization of the main polymorphism properties for digraphs whose symmetric closure is a complete graph.

scholarly journals The Role of Hydraulic Hysteresis on the Hydrological Response of Pyroclastic Silty Covers

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Rianna ◽  
Luca Comegna ◽  
Luca Pagano ◽  
Luciano Picarelli ◽  
Alfredo Reder
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Hydrological Response ◽  
Hydraulic Hysteresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrological Effects ◽  
Insight Into

A significant part of the recent geotechnical literature concerning pyroclastic soils is focused on the characterization of the hydrological effects of precipitations and their implications for the stability conditions of unsaturated sloping covers. Recent experience shows that suction-induced strength reduction is influenced by various factors including hydraulic hysteresis. A deeper insight into the hysteretic water retention behavior of these materials and its effects upon their response to dry/wetting conditions is a major goal of this paper, which exploits the data provided by the monitoring of a volcanic ash. Based on the parameters retrieved from data calibration, the hydrological response of a virtual slope subject to one-dimensional rainfall infiltration is investigated by numerical analyses and compared with the results obtained through the usually adopted non-hysteretic approaches. The analysis demonstrates that considering the hysteretic behavior may be crucial for a proper evaluation of the conditions leading to slope failure.

The role of the yolk syncytial layer in germ layer patterning in zebrafish

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
pp. 4681-4689 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chen ◽  
D. Kimelman
Keyword(s):  
Related Factor ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Yolk Syncytial Layer ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
The Stability

Formation of the three germ layers requires a series of inductive events during early embryogenesis. Studies in zebrafish indicate that the source of these inductive signals may be the extra-embryonic yolk syncytial layer (YSL). The characterization of genes encoding the nodal-related factor, Squint, and homeodomain protein, Bozozok, both of which are expressed in the YSL, suggested that the YSL has a role in mesendoderm induction. However, these genes, and a second nodal-related factor, cyclops, are also expressed in the overlying marginal blastomeres, raising the possibility that the marginal blastomeres can induce mesendodermal genes independently of the YSL. We have developed a novel technique to study signaling from the YSL in which we specifically eliminate RNAs in the YSL, thus addressing the in vivo requirement of RNA-derived signals from this region in mesendoderm induction. We show that injection of RNase into the yolk cell after the 1K cell stage (3 hours) effectively eliminates YSL transcripts without affecting ubiquitously expressed genes in the blastoderm. We also present data that indicate the stability of existing proteins in the YSL is unaffected by RNase injection. Using this technique, we show that RNA in the YSL is required for the formation of ventrolateral mesendoderm and induction of the nodal-related genes in the ventrolateral marginal blastomeres, revealing the presence of an unidentified inducing signal released from the YSL. We also demonstrate that the dorsal mesoderm can be induced independently of signals from the YSL and present evidence that this is due to the stabilization of (β)-catenin in the dorsal marginal blastomeres. Our results demonstrate that germ layer formation and patterning in zebrafish uses a combination of YSL-dependent and -independent inductive events.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Double-Layered Microcapsules Containing Nano-SiO2

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xue Sun ◽  
Jingcheng Su ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Fangyu Fan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Stability

The double-layered microencapsulation technology has been used in many fields. In this study, the double-layered microencapsulated anthocyanin of Passiflora edulis shells (APESs) was prepared via complex coacervation using gelatin and gum Arabic as the first wall materials (single-layered microcapsules (SMs)) and using gum Arabic containing nano-SiO2 as the second wall material (double-layered microcapsules (DMs)/nano-SiO2) to enhance the stability of the core material. Properties of microcapsules were analyzed on the basis of EE, morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), droplet size, moisture content, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the EE values of SMs, DMs, and DMs/nano-SiO2 were 96.12%, 97.24%, and 97.85%, respectively. DMs/nano-SiO2 had the lowest moisture content (2.17%). The average droplet size of DMs/nano-SiO2 (34.93 μm) was higher than those of SMs and DMs. DSC indicated that the melting temperature of DMs/nano-SiO2 was 73.61°C and 45.33°C higher than those of SMs and DMs, respectively. SEM demonstrated that DMs/nano-SiO2 had the smoothest surface compared with the other two kinds of microcapsules. The storage stability of APESs and their microcapsules indicated that the stability of the microcapsules was improved by adding DMs/nano-SiO2 into the wall material of microcapsules. These results indicated double-layered microcapsules containing silica nanoparticles contribute to the stability of the core material.

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