scholarly journals Variability of Major Phenyletanes and Phenylpropanoids in 16-Year-Old Rhodiola rosea L. Clones in Norway

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhameed Elameen ◽  
Vera M. Kosman ◽  
Mette Thomsen ◽  
Olga N. Pozharitskaya ◽  
Alexander N. Shikov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Conventional Drying

Rhodiola rosea L. (roseroot) is an adaptogen plant belonging to the Crassulaceae family. The broad spectrum of biological activity of R. rosea is attributed to its major phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids: rosavin, salidroside, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, and tyrosol. In this study, we compared the content of phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes of R. rosea from the Norwegian germplasm collection collected in 2004 and in 2017. In general, the content of these bioactive compounds in 2017 was significantly higher than that observed in 2004. The freeze-drying method increased the concentration of all phenyletanes and phenylpropanoids in rhizomes compared with conventional drying at 70 °C. As far as we know, the content of salidroside (51.0 mg g−1) observed in this study is the highest ever detected in Rhodiola spp. Long-term vegetative propagation and high genetic diversity of R. rosea together with the freeze-drying method may have led to the high content of the bioactive compounds observed in the current study.

Sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination for biobanking and maintenance of genetic diversity in mammals

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehito Kaneko
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Animal Strains

Breeding by natural mating is ideal for maintaining animal populations. However, the lack of breeding space resulting from an increased number of strains and the decline in fertility caused by inbreeding inhibits the reproduction of subsequent generations. Reproductive technologies, such as gamete preservation and artificial fertilisation, have been developed to overcome these problems. These approaches efficiently produce offspring of laboratory, domestic and wild animals, and can also be used to treat human infertility. Gamete preservation using sperm contributes to improvements in reproductive systems and enables the use of smaller breeding spaces. Although cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen has been used to preserve spermatozoa, freeze-drying without liquid nitrogen, a novel method, facilitates long-term storage of spermatozoa. This method has recently been applied to maintain animal strains. Micro-insemination techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are exceptional for improving assisted reproduction. ICSI can be used to fertilise oocytes, even with immotile and immature spermatozoa that are unsuitable for AI and IVF. Reproductive technologies provide a substantial advantage for biobanking and maintaining the genetic diversity of laboratory, domestic and wild animals. This review covers the latest method of sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination, and future possibilities for maintaining animal strains and populations.

scholarly journals Rescue and genetic assessment of soybean-nodulating Bradyrhizobium strains from an experimental field thirty years after inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-189
Author(s):  
Adriana Giongo ◽  
Adriana Ambrosini ◽  
João Ruy Jardim Freire ◽  
Luciano Kayser ◽  
Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Genetic Assessment

As the long-term phenotype and genetic stability of bacteria used as inoculant are important parameters in their ecology and for agricultural purposes, this study aimed genotypically characterize several-rescued bradyrhizobia of an experimental field thirty years after the first inoculation. A high genetic diversity of 30 bradyrhizobia isolates was observed, either by AFLP (H = 4.87) or rep-PCR (H = 4.18). The results indicate that the Bradyrhizobium population that persists in the Eldorado soil is genetically very diverse and different from the parental strains. All isolates were infective and trapped in IAS-5 soybean variety maintaining their nodulation and nitrogen fixation properties. Given that many rhizobia in a soil can lost the infective capacity and that the host genotype can affect the spectrum of rhizobial genotype selected from a soil, the genetic diversity of the complete bradyrhizobia population in Eldorado soil could be even higher than the identified in this work.

Genetic diversity in a germplasm collection of roseroot (Rhodiola rosea) in Norway studied by AFLP

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 706-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhameed Elameen ◽  
Sonja S. Klemsdal ◽  
Steinar Dragland ◽  
Siri Fjellheim ◽  
Odd Arne Rognli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea

scholarly journals Characterization of Potato Virus Y Isolates and Assessment of Nanopore Sequencing to Detect and Genotype Potato Viruses

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Della Bartola ◽  
Stephen Byrne ◽  
Ewen Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Potato Viruses

Potato virus Y (PVY) is the most economically important virus infecting cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Accurate diagnosis is crucial to regulate the trade of tubers and for the sanitary selection of plant material for propagation. However, high genetic diversity of PVY represents a challenge for the detection and classification of isolates. Here, the diversity of Irish PVY isolates from a germplasm collection and commercial sites was investigated using conventional molecular and serological techniques. Recombinant PVY isolates were prevalent, with PVYNTNa being the predominant genotype. In addition, we evaluated Nanopore sequencing to detect and reconstruct the whole genome sequence of four viruses (PVY, PVX, PVS, PLRV) and five PVY genotypes in a subset of eight potato plants. De novo assembly of Nanopore sequencing reads produced single contigs covering greater than 90% of the viral genome and sharing greater than 99.5% identity to the consensus sequences obtained with Illumina sequencing. Interestingly, single near full genome contigs were obtained for different isolates of PVY co-infecting the same plant. Mapping reads to available reference viral genomes enabled us to generate near complete genome sequences sharing greater than 99.90% identity to the Illumina-derived consensus. This is the first report describing the use of Oxford Nanopore’s MinION to detect and genotype potato viruses. We reconstructed the genome of PVY and other RNA viruses; indicating the technologies potential for virus detection in potato production systems, and for the study of genetic diversity of highly heterogeneous viruses such as PVY.

Long-term isolation and stability explain high genetic diversity in the Eastern Himalaya

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Qu ◽  
Per G. P. Ericson ◽  
Qing Quan ◽  
Gang Song ◽  
Ruiying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
High Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Chionanthus virginicus

2022 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Wadl ◽  
Timothy A. Rinehart ◽  
Richard T. Olsen ◽  
Benjamin D. Waldo ◽  
Joseph H. Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Wide Range

The genus Chionanthus, known as fringetrees, is a member of the olive family (Oleaceae). Chionanthus virginicus is an understory tree or shrub with a wide range in forests of the eastern United States and is used as an ornamental tree that is known to be free of insects and disease in the wild. The species is tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, and there is interest in developing new cultivars with improved horticultural traits, such as tree form or upright growth habit and superior flowering display that are widely adapted. To identify genepools in the native range of C. virginicus for use in breeding programs, the genetic diversity and population structure were assessed for 274 individuals from 12 locations in four states (Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, and Texas) using 26 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). An average of 12.54 alleles/locus were detected, allelic richness averaged 2.80. Genetic differentiation was 0.11, indicating moderate differentiation among subpopulations. Despite the high genetic diversity and low population differentiation, Bayesian clustering analysis identified six genetic groups that match the geographic distribution of collection sites. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that most (82%) of the variation is explained within individuals, and 11% and 7% of the variation is due to differences among individuals within populations and among populations. Analysis of isolation by distance across all samples showed a weak positive relationship between geographic distance and genetic distance. The C. virginicus samples analyzed in this study indicate there is sufficient diversity for germplasm collection for use in breeding programs. Given the relatively moderate genetic differentiation, there are not likely to be unique islands of genetic diversity that may be missed when gathering parental materials for a breeding program

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