scholarly journals Cultivation of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Effect of Operating Conditions on Growth and Biomass Composition

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sánchez-Bayo ◽  
Victoria Morales ◽  
Rosalía Rodríguez ◽  
Gemma Vicente ◽  
Luis Fernando Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana

The purpose of this work is to define optimal growth conditions to maximise biomass for batch culture of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima and the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis gaditana. Thus, we study the effect of three variables on cell growth: i.e., inoculum:culture medium volume ratio (5:45, 10:40, 15:35 and 20:30 mL:mL), light:dark photoperiod (8:16, 12:12 and 16:8 h) and type of culture medium, including both synthetic media (Guillard’s F/2 and Walne’s) and wastewaters. The results showed that the initial inoculum:culture medium volume ratio, within the range 5:45 to 20:30, did not affect the amount of biomass at the end of the growth (14 days), whereas high (18 h) or low (6 h) number of hours of daily light was important for cell growth. The contribution of nutrients from different culture media could increase the growth rate of the different species. A. maxima was favoured in seawater enriched with Guillard’s F/2 as well as C. vulgaris and N. gaditana, but in freshwater medium. I. galbana had the greatest growth in the marine environment enriched with Walne’s media. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient for growth at the end of the exponential phase of growth for C. vulgaris and N. gaditana, while iron was for A. maxima and I. galbana. The growth in different synthetic culture media also determines the biochemical composition of each of the microalgae. All species demonstrated their capability to grow in effluents from a wastewater treatment plant and they efficiently consume nitrogen, especially the three microalga species.

scholarly journals Effect of Cultivation Variables on Biomass Composition and Growth of Microalgae and Cyanobacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Sánchez-Bayo ◽  
Victoria Morales ◽  
Rosalía Rodríguez ◽  
Gemma Vicente Crespo ◽  
Luis Fernando Bautista
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Nannochloropsis Gaditana ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Inoculum Volume

The purpose of this work is to define optimal growth conditions for batch culture of the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima and the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis gaditana. Thus, we study the effect of three variables on algae growth: i.e., inoculum:culture medium ratio, light:darkness photoperiod and type of culture medium, including both synthetic media and wastewaters. The results showed that the initial inoculum volume did not affect the amount of biomass at the end of the growth (14 days), whereas an excess (18 h) or defect (6 h) in the number of hours of light is determinant for its development. The contribution of nutrients from different culture media modified the growth of the different species. A. maxima was favoured in seawater enriched with Guillard's F/2 as well as C. vulgaris and N. gaditana but in fresh water medium. I. galbana had the greatest growth in the marine environment enriched with Walne’s media. Nitrate was the limiting growth reagent at the end of the exponential phase of growth for C. vulgaris and N. gaditana, while iron was for A. maxima and I. galbana. All species demonstrated their capability to grow in effluents from a wastewater treatment plant and they efficiently consume nitrogen, especially the three microalgae species.

Nitrogen removal from wastewater in a pilot plant operated in the recirculation anoxic-oxic activated sludge mode

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Burica ◽  
Marjeta Strazar ◽  
Ivan Mahne
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effluent Quality

The recirculation activated sludge process with preanoxic treatment was applied for biological reduction of the nitrogen content in municipal wastewater at pilot plant level. The pilot plant of total volume 3 300 1 with an initial anoxic to aerobic volume ratio of 40 : 60 was fed with wastewater from the first heavily loaded aerobic stage of a local wastewater treatment plant. Experiments were run over the summer and winter periods, the influent wastewater temperature being approx 24°C and approx 10°C, respectively. Special attention was paid to the hydraulic retention time, the total as well as mineral nitrogen loading, the aerobic to anaerobic volume ratio, and to the energy demand for denitrification of oxidised mineral nitrogen forms. Under optimal operating conditions the effluent quality that could be achieved was about 10 mg/l of total nitrogen (74% removal) and less than 2 mg N/l mineral nitrogen (87% removal), while simultaneously 205 mg BOD5/l in the influent was reduced to less than 7mg O2/l in the effluent. It was found feasible from the pilot plant experiments to upgrade an existing two stage aerobic-anaerobic wastewater treatment plant to reduce nitrogen from the liquid fraction of municipal wastewater so as to meet effluent quality standards without much additional volume and without amending the energy source for bioconversion of oxidised mineral nitrogen to gaseous forms.

scholarly journals Influence of Low Salt Concentration on Growth Behavior and General Biomass Composition in Lyngbya purpurem (Cyanobacteria)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Itzel Y. López-Pacheco ◽  
Susana Fuentes-Tristan ◽  
Laura Isabel Rodas-Zuluaga ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Zacarías ◽  
Itzel Pedro-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Growth Behavior ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
General Context ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
General Production

Cyanobacteria are essential for the vast number of compounds they produce and the possible applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetical, and food industries. As Lyngbya species’ characterization is limited in the literature, we characterize this cyanobacterium’s growth and biomass. L. purpureum was grown and analyzed under different salinities, culture media, and incubation times to determine the best conditions that favor its cell growth and the general production of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and some pigments as phycocyanin and chlorophyll a. In this study, each analyzed biomolecule’s highest content was proteins 431.69 mg g−1, carbohydrates 301.45 mg g−1, lipids 131.5 mg g−1, chlorophyll a 4.09 mg g−1, and phycocyanin 40.4 mg g−1. These results can provide a general context of the possible uses that can be given to biomass and give an opening to investigate possible biocompounds or bio metabolites that can be obtained from it.

POPULATION STUDIES IN MICROORGANISMS I. EVOLUTION OF DIPLOIDY IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE

Genetics ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Julian Adams ◽  
Paul E Hansche
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Rates ◽  
Diploid Cells ◽  
Dominant Phase ◽  
Reduced Surface

ABSTRACT The relative adaptation of isogenic haploid and diploid strains of yeast was investigated in different sets of physiological conditions. When all nutrients were present in excess, no difference in the reproductive rates of isogenic haploid and diploid strains of yeast was detected in both optimal and non-optimal growth conditions. Competition between haploid and diploid strains of yeast was observed when growth was limited by the concentration of a single nutrilite. Under certain conditions when fitness (reproductive rate) is determined by transport of an essential nutrilite that exists in very low concentrations, diploid cells were selected against. These environmental conditions are similar to those found in offshore marine environments where nutrients are often present in extremely low concentrations. The fitness of diploid cells was estimated to be.93 ±.02 (haploid fitness = 1). The reduced fitness of diploid cells in this environment can be explained by the reduced surface area/volume ratio possessed by diploid cells in comparison to haploid cells. The fitnesses of haploid and diploid cells in these environments are closely correlated with geometric variations in these strains. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diploid cells are simply double haploids, and diploidy per se does not confer any direct adaptive advantage. The mechanism of the evolution of diploidy as a dominant phase in the life cycle of higher plants and animals remains obscure.

scholarly journals Treatment of succinonitrile wastewater by immobilized high efficiency microorganism strains

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. F. Zhou ◽  
Y. L. Zhang ◽  
D. Q. Xu ◽  
W. H. Cao ◽  
C. M. Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
J 13 ◽  
Rotary Speed

Using succinonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, two bacterium strains named as J-1-3 and J-13-1 were isolated and screened out from the treatment facilities of Shanghai petrochemical wastewater treatment plant treating acrylic fiber production wastewater. The optimal growth conditions of the two strains in the degradation of succinonitrile with varied initial concentrations were determined through flask tests as follows: temperature 30°C, shaker rotary speed of 250 r/min, inoculum percentage 0.1%, and initial pH 6. Results indicate that the two strains, especially J-13-1, exhibited a high efficiency for succinonitrile degradation. Thereafter, the bacterium strains were immobilized separately by sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol 1750±50, and applied to succinonitrile degradation again. Results show that in a very broad range of the initial succinonitrile concentration, i.e., 30–5,000 mg/L, the sodium alginate immobilized grains could degrade more than 80% of succinonitrile after 24 h under the experimental conditions of 30°C, pH 6.5, and shaker rotary speed of 250 r/min. However, the polyvinyl alcohol immobilized grains tended to inflate and break down due to a weak mechanical strength.

Optimal growth conditions for Isochrysis galbana

Biomass ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drora Kaplan ◽  
Zvi Cohen ◽  
Aharon Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Isochrysis Galbana ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions

Relationships between Population Dynamics and Operating Parameters in an Activated Sludge-Plant by Statistical Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 399-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cingolani ◽  
M. Cossignani ◽  
R. Miliani
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Aerobic Treatment

Statistical analyses were applied to data from a series of 38 samples collected in an aerobic treatment plant from November 1989 to December 1990. Relationships between microfauna structure and plant operating conditions were found. Amount and quality of microfauna groups and species found in activated sludge proved useful to suggest the possible causes of disfunctions.

scholarly journals Performance of Iron-Functionalized Activated Carbon Catalysts (Fe/AC-f) on CWPO Wastewater Treatment

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Sara Mesa Medina ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Carlos Durán-Valle ◽  
Ana Bahamonde ◽  
Marisol Faraldos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Matrix ◽  
The Stability

Two commercial activated carbon were functionalized with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and ethylenediamine to induce the modification of their surface functional groups and facilitate the stability of corresponding AC-supported iron catalysts (Fe/AC-f). Synthetized Fe/AC-f catalysts were characterized to determine bulk and surface composition (elemental analysis, emission spectroscopy, XPS), textural (N2 isotherms), and structural characteristics (XRD). All the Fe/AC-f catalysts were evaluated in the degradation of phenol in ultrapure water matrix by catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Complete pollutant removal at short reaction times (30–60 min) and high TOC reduction (XTOC = 80 % at ≤ 120 min) were always achieved at the conditions tested (500 mg·L−1 catalyst loading, 100 mg·L−1 phenol concentration, stoichiometric H2O2 dose, pH 3, 50 °C and 200 rpm), improving the results found with bare activated carbon supports. The lability of the interactions of iron with functionalized carbon support jeopardizes the stability of some catalysts. This fact could be associated to modifications of the induced surface chemistry after functionalization as a consequence of the iron immobilization procedure. The reusability was demonstrated by four consecutive CWPO cycles where the activity decreased from 1st to 3rd, to become recovered in the 4th run. Fe/AC-f catalysts were applied to treat two real water matrices: the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant with a membrane biological reactor (WWTP-MBR) and a landfill leachate, opening the opportunity to extend the use of these Fe/AC-f catalysts for complex wastewater matrices remediation. The degradation of phenol spiked WWTP-MBR effluent by CWPO using Fe/AC-f catalysts revealed pH of the reaction medium as a critical parameter to obtain complete elimination of the pollutant, only reached at pH 3. On the contrary, significant TOC removal, naturally found in complex landfill leachate, was obtained at natural pH 9 and half stoichiometric H2O2 dose. This highlights the importance of the water matrix in the optimization of the CWPO operating conditions.

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