scholarly journals Recent Advances in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems Using Lanthanide(III) Luminescent Complexes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2089
Author(s):  
Jorge H. S. K. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Luminescence Imaging ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Ligand Structure

The use of luminescence in biological systems allows one to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Molecular systems, particularly lanthanide(III) complexes, have emerged as an attractive system for application in cellular luminescence imaging due to their long emission lifetimes, high brightness, possibility of controlling the spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, and tailoring of the ligand structure that adds sensing and therapeutic capabilities. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging and lanthanide spectroscopy and discuss selected examples from the recent literature on lanthanide(III) luminescent complexes in cellular luminescence imaging, published in the period 2016–2020. Finally, the challenges and future directions that are pointing for the development of compounds that are capable of executing multiple functions and the use of light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption will be discussed.

scholarly journals Opportunities for Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles in Luminescence Imaging of Biological Systems and Photodynamic Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Fritzen ◽  
Luidgi Giordano ◽  
Lucas C. V. Rodrigues ◽  
Jorge H. S. K. Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Luminescent Materials ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Luminescence Imaging ◽  
Cellular Processes

The use of luminescence in biological systems allows us to diagnose diseases and understand cellular processes. Persistent luminescent materials have emerged as an attractive system for application in luminescence imaging of biological systems; the afterglow emission grants background-free luminescence imaging, there is no need for continuous excitation to avoid tissue and cell damage due to the continuous light exposure, and they also circumvent the depth penetration issue caused by excitation in the UV-Vis. This review aims to provide a background in luminescence imaging of biological systems, persistent luminescence, and synthetic methods for obtaining persistent luminescent materials, and discuss selected examples of recent literature on the applications of persistent luminescent materials in luminescence imaging of biological systems and photodynamic therapy. Finally, the challenges and future directions, pointing to the development of compounds capable of executing multiple functions and light in regions where tissues and cells have low absorption, will be discussed.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Organelle-Targeted Fluorescent Probes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Na-Eun Choi ◽  
Ji-Yu Lee ◽  
Eun-Chae Park ◽  
Ju-Hee Lee ◽  
Jiyoun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Super Resolution Microscopy

Recent advances in fluorescence imaging techniques and super-resolution microscopy have extended the applications of fluorescent probes in studying various cellular processes at the molecular level. Specifically, organelle-targeted probes have been commonly used to detect cellular metabolites and transient chemical messengers with high precision and have become invaluable tools to study biochemical pathways. Moreover, several recent studies reported various labeling strategies and novel chemical scaffolds to enhance target specificity and responsiveness. In this review, we will survey the most recent reports of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes and assess their general strategies and structural features on the basis of their target organelles. We will discuss the advantages of the currently used probes and the potential challenges in their application as well as future directions.

Optical characteristics of the hitachi HF-2000 cold field-emission TEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1076-1077
Author(s):  
L. F. Allard ◽  
E. Völkl ◽  
T. A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Condenser Lens ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Imaging Mode ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Illuminating System

The illumination system of the cold field emission (CFE) Hitachi HF-2000 TEM operates with a single condenser lens in normal imaging mode, and with a second condenser lens excited to give the ultra-fine 1 nm probe for microanalysis. The electron gun provides a guaranteed high brightness of better than 7×l08 A/cm2/sr, more than twice the guaranteed brightness of Schottky emission guns. There have been several articles in the recent literature (e.g. refs.) which claim that the geometry of this illumination system yields a total current which is so low that when the beam is spread at low magnifications (say 10 kX), the operator must “keep his eyes glued to the binoculars” in order to see the image. It is also claimed that this illuminating system produces an isoplanatic patch (the area over which image character does not vary significantly) at high magnification which is so small that the instrument is ineffective for recording high resolution images.

scholarly journals Metal responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) regulates zinc dependent cellular processes at the molecular level

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Grzywacz ◽  
Joanna Gdula-Argasińska ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara ◽  
Tadeusz Librowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Transcription Factor 1

scholarly journals Metal Nanozymes: New Horizons in Cellular Homeostasis Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Hanna Lewandowska ◽  
Karolina Wójciuk ◽  
Urszula Karczmarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
State Changes

Nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity (nanozymes) have found applications in various fields of medicine, industry, and environmental protection. This review discusses the use of nanozymes in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. We also review the latest biomedical applications of nanozymes related to their use in cellular redox status modification and detection. We present how nanozymes enable biomedical advances and demonstrate basic design strategies to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy in various diseases. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future directions for developing nanozymes for applications in the regulation of the redox-dependent cellular processes and detection in the cellular redox state changes.

scholarly journals Cystatins — Inhibitors of Cysteine Proteinases

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libuse A. Bobek ◽  
Michael J. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Cysteine Proteinases ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Physicochemical And Functional Properties

The cystatin superfamily of proteins, derived from a common ancestor, is comprised of a diverse group of potent cysteine proteinase inhibitors and antibacterial/viral agents grouped into several families. This review concentrates on family 2 cystatins, namely, the human salivary cystatins and cystatin C. Emphasis is given to their physicochemical and functional properties at both the protein and the molecular level. The role of cystatins in disease processes, including those in the oral cavity, is also discussed. Finally, future directions for cystatin research in oral biology are presented.

Dynamics of the Preterm Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain C Cuna ◽  
Michael J Morowitz ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
Shahid Umar ◽  
Venkatesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health And Disease

Advances in metagenomics have allowed a detailed study of the gut microbiome, and its role in human health and disease. Infants born prematurely possess a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is vulnerable to perturbation. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants are linked to life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset sepsis; and may impact future risk of asthma, atopy, obesity, and psychosocial disease. In this mini review, we summarize recent literature on the origins and patterns of development of the preterm gut microbiome in the perinatal period. The host-microbiome-environmental factors that portend development of dysbiotic intestinal microbial patterns associated with NEC and sepsis are reviewed. Strategies to manipulate the microbiome and mitigate dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics and prebiotics will also be discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges and future directions of gut microbiome research in preterm infants.

Integrative Data Analysis for Biological Discovery

2011 ◽  
pp. 1058-1065
Author(s):  
Sai Moturu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
John Muir ◽  
Complex Biological System ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lofty Goal ◽  
Complex Relationships

As John Muir noted, “When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe” (Muir, 1911). In tune with Muir’s elegantly stated notion, research in molecular biology is progressing toward a systems level approach, with a goal of modeling biological systems at the molecular level. To achieve such a lofty goal, the analysis of multiple datasets is required to form a clearer picture of entire biological systems (Figure 1). Traditional molecular biology studies focus on a specific process in a complex biological system. The availability of high-throughput technologies allows us to sample tens of thousands of features of biological samples at the molecular level. Even so, these are limited to one particular view of a biological system governed by complex relationships and feedback mechanisms on a variety of levels. Integrated analysis of varied biological datasets from the genetic, translational, and protein levels promises more accurate and comprehensive results, which help discover concepts that cannot be found through separate, independent analyses. With this article, we attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the existing body of research in this domain.

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