Optimization of the Production Factors of Boards Obtained from Arundo donax L. Fibers without Added Adhesives

Diego Ramos; Francesc Ferrando; Xavier Farriol; Joan Salvadó

doi:10.3390/molecules25071660

Optimization of the Production Factors of Boards Obtained from Arundo donax L. Fibers without Added Adhesives

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25071660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1660

Author(s):

Diego Ramos ◽

Francesc Ferrando ◽

Xavier Farriol ◽

Joan Salvadó

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Production Factor ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Production Factors ◽

Arundo Donax L

The main objective of this work was to further analyze the optimization of the production factors of Arundo donax L. fiberboards obtained without adhesives. The production of boards derived from Arundo donax L. without added adhesives and with high mechanical performance has already been demonstrated. This present study explored a modification in the production process through a final curing thermal treatment (final heat treatment, FHT). Since pressing time is an influential factor in the production cost, it is expected that curing allows a reduction of this time. This study compared the results obtained by three panel-production alternatives: long pressing time (tp) without curing and long and short tp with FHT. Of the two factors analyzed, pressing pressure (Pp) was the most important production factor in both the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), while curing was the most important factor for the internal bond (IB). The study shows that a FHT facilitates the distribution of lignin and a possible improvement in the quantity and quality of bonds between lignin and cellulosic fibers. As a consequence, it improves the IB, produces boards with more homogeneous physical and mechanical properties and thereby makes them more hydrophobic. The curing thermal treatment allows high performance panels to be obtained in a manner which is more ecological, quicker, and cheaper.

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All-lignocellulosic Fiberboard from Steam Exploded Arundo Donax L.

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23092088 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2088 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Diego Ramos ◽

Nour-Eddine El Mansouri ◽

Francesc Ferrando ◽

Joan Salvadó

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Wet Process ◽

Arundo Donax L

This paper explores the possibility of producing all-lignocellulosic fiberboards from Arundo donax L. as a source of lignocellulosic fibers with no synthetic binders. This raw material was steam exploded with a thermomechanical aqueous vapor process in a batch reactor. The Arundo donax raw material and its obtained pulp were characterized in terms of chemical composition and the results were compared to other lignocellulosic materials. The chemical composition of steam exploded Arundo fibers showed high cellulose and a moderate lignin content suggesting it was a good raw material for fiberboard production. The all-lignocellulosic fiberboards were produced on laboratory scale; using the steam exploded Arundo donax by means of a wet process. The effects of pressing pressure on physical and mechanical properties were evaluated and the conditions that optimize the responses were found. The analyzed properties were density (d); water absorption (WA); thickness swelling (TS); modulus of elasticity (MOE); modulus of rupture (MOR); and internal bond strength (IB). The tested levels of the pressing pressure range from 0.35 to 15 MPa. The optimum IB; MOE; MOR; WA and TS were 1.28 MPa, 7439 MPa, 40.4 MPa, 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively. The obtained fiberboards were of very good quality and more than satisfy the requirements of the relevant standard specifications.

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The Influence of Processing and Particle Size on Binderless Particleboards Made from Arundo donax L. Rhizome

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12030696 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 696 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manuel Ferrandez-Villena ◽

Clara Eugenia Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Teresa Garcia-Ortuño ◽

Antonio Ferrandez-Garcia ◽

Maria Teresa Ferrandez-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Deep Roots ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Rhizome Biomass ◽

Arundo Donax L

The giant reed (Arundo donax L.) is considered one of the world’s 100 worst invasive species. The main method by which this species propagates is by growth of scattered fragments of rhizome, spreading without control with very strong, deep roots. Agricultural waste consists of lignocellulosic materials that can substitute natural wood and offer a suitable alternative with which to manufacture boards for furniture, packaging and building purposes. The objectives of this work were to obtain binderless particleboards using giant reed rhizome as the raw material, to evaluate their mechanical and physical properties according to the applicable European standards and to assess the self-binding mechanism of the particles in the board. Six types of boards (12 classes) were manufactured with giant reed rhizome biomass. They were manufactured with a temperature of 110 °C, a pressure of 2.5 MPa and pressing times of 7 and 15 min, applying one or two pressing cycles. The results achieved for modulus of rupture (14.2 N/mm2), modulus of elasticity (2052.45 N/mm2) and internal bonding strength (1.12 N/mm2) show that the mechanical properties were improved by using a smaller rhizome particle size and two pressing cycles.

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Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard made from giant reed (Arundo donax L.)

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.1.477-486 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 477-486

Author(s):

Teresa García-Ortuño ◽

Javier Andréu-Rodríguez ◽

María T. Ferrández-García ◽

Manuel Ferrández-Villena ◽

Clara E. Ferrández-García

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Single Layer ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Giant Reed ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Arundo Donax L

Single-layer experimental particleboards were made from various sizes of Arundo donax particles bonded with urea formaldehyde resin. The experimental panels were tested for their mechanical strength including modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bonding (IB), screw holding strength (SH), and physical properties (density, moisture content, thickness swelling (TS), and water absorption (WA)) according to the procedures defined by European Union (EN) Standards. The overall results showed that most panels exceeded the EN Standards for MOE, MOR, and IB. The mechanical properties of the particleboard were enhanced as the density increased. Particle size was found to have a profound effect on the board properties.

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The Fiberboard of Hot Pressing Process Optimization and Combination Performance Characterization

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.2278 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 44-47 ◽

pp. 2278-2282

Author(s):

Ming Hui Guo ◽

Jian Peng Hu

Keyword(s):

Hot Pressing ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Wood Fiber ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Interface Properties ◽

Test Results ◽

Pressing Temperature ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Instrument Analysis ◽

Natural Wood

To pack a certain quality ratio ammonium lignosulfonate / urea as a filler into the natural wood fiber, Using flat pressure process fiberboard materials, Optimize the hot pressing technique that the filler is 20% (The quality ratio of lignosulfonate/ urea is 5: 3), slab moisture content is 13%, hot-pressing temperature is 190°C; hot-pressing time is 7 minutes, hot-pressing pressure is 2MPa and 1% paraffin emulsion. Verifying test results show that mechanical performance is stable and reliable process. Analyze the reactivity of fiberboard packing, fiber gathered, the microstructure of interface properties with the application of FTIR, XRD and ESEM and other modern instrument analysis technology.

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Predictive Models for Modulus of Rupture and Modulus of Elasticity of Particleboard Manufactured in Different Pressing Conditions

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2015-0203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 623-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebahattin Tiryaki ◽

Uğur Aras ◽

Hülya Kalaycıoğlu ◽

Emir Erişir ◽

Aytaç Aydın

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Predictive Models ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

The Other ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Pressing Pressure ◽

Pressing Temperature ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽

Temperature Time

AbstractDetermining the mechanical properties of particleboard has gained a great importance due to its increasing usage as a building material in recent years. This study aims to develop artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models for predicting modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of particleboard depending on different pressing temperature, pressing time, pressing pressure and resin type. Experimental results indicated that the increased pressing temperature, time and pressure in manufacturing process generally improved the mechanical properties of particleboard. It was also seen that ANN and MLR models were highly successful in predicting the MOR and MOE of particleboard under given conditions. On the other hand, a comparison between ANN and MLR revealed that the ANN was superior compared to the MLR in predicting the MOR and MOE. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to provide beneficial insights for practitioners to better understand usability of such composite materials for engineering applications and to better assess the effects of pressing conditions on the MOR and MOE of particleboard.

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Oil Prices: Limits to Growth and the Depth of Falling

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2006-3-28-41 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 28-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. Bashmakov

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Production Factor ◽

Energy Costs ◽

Purchasing Power ◽

Limits To Growth ◽

Technological Basis ◽

Production Factors ◽

Output Ratio

This article deals with the determination of future oil prices. The approach used is based on the evaluation of purchasing power limits and allows to put the limits to monopolistic price setting. Several important findings are formulated: going beyond the upper thresholds of purchasing power stipulates negative relationship between energy costs and GDP growth rates, and this brings the dynamics to energy demand to price elasticity. This approach is also based on what the author calls the economics of constants and variables, i.e. on the existence of very stable macroeconomic proportions, which may be observed throughout the whole period of statistical observations (over 200 years). It provides grounds for two conclusions. First, the upper limit of energy costs to the gross output ratio is determined by the least acceptable profitability. Second, the theoretical postulate on substantial production factors substitution used in the production functions theory may be incorrect. In reality, the change of the economy technological basis leads to the substitution of low quality production factor by the same factor with a higher quality. Application of this approach brings the basis for predicting oil prices for 2006-2008.

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Potential of Brewer’s Spent Grain as a Potential Replacement of Wood in pMDI, UF or MUF Bonded Particleboard

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Marius Cătălin Barbu ◽

Zeno Montecuccoli ◽

Jakob Förg ◽

Ulrike Barbeck ◽

Petr Klímek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Bond ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽

Beer Brewing ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

Spent Grain

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the richest by-product (85%) of the beer-brewing industry, that can be upcycled in a plentiful of applications, from animal feed, bioethanol production or for removal of heavy metals from wastewater. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical, physical and structural properties of particleboard manufactured with a mixture of wood particles and BSG gradually added/replacement in 10%, 30% and 50%, glued with polymeric diisocyanate (pMDI), urea-formaldehyde (UF) and melamine urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives. The density, internal bond, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling and water absorption were tested. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy anaylsis was carried out to analyze the structure of the panels after the internal bond test. Overall, it was shown that the adding of BSG decreases the mechanical performance of particleboard, due to reduction of the bonding between wood and BSG particles. This decrease has been associated with the structural differences proven by SEM inspection. Interaction of particles with the adhesive is different for boards containing BSG compared to those made from wood. Nevertheless, decrease in the mechanical properties was not critical for particleboards produced with 10% BSG which could be potentially classified as a P2 type, this means application in non-load-bearing panel for interior use in dry conditions, with high dimensional stability and stiffness.

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Preparation of amino-functionalized microcrystalline cellulose from Arundo Donax L. and its effect on the curing behavior of bisphenol A–based benzoxazine

Thermochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.tca.2021.178882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 698 ◽

pp. 178882

Author(s):

Wissam Bessa ◽

Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun ◽

Djalal Trache ◽

Mehdi Derradji

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Arundo Donax ◽

Curing Behavior ◽

Arundo Donax L

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Improved strength properties of LVL glued using PVAc adhesives with physical treatment-based Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis)

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 711-725

Author(s):

Sutrisno ◽

Eka Mulya Alamsyah ◽

Ginanjar Gumilar ◽

Takashi Tanaka ◽

Masaaki Yamada

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Formaldehyde Emission ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Horizontal Shear ◽

Physical Treatment ◽

Cold Pressing ◽

Laminated Veneer Lumber ◽

Pressing Time

AbstractThe properties of the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) composed of the boiled veneer of Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) using polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesives in various cold-pressing time and various conditioned time with loaded and unloaded were studied. Five-ply LVL was produced by boiling veneer at 100°C for 90 min as pretreatment and cold-pressing time at 12 kgf cm−2 for 1.5, 6, 18, and 24 h then conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity (RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7 days as physical treatment. Especially for the delamination test, the specimens were immersed at 70 ± 3°C for 2 h and dried in the oven at 60 ± 3°C for 24 h; then, the specimens were solidified at room temperature (20°C and 65% RH) with loaded (12 kgf cm−2) and unloaded for 7, 10, 12, and 14 days. To determine the performance of LVL, the density, moisture content (MC), delamination, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), horizontal shear strength, and formaldehyde emission tests were conducted according to the Japanese Agricultural Standard (JAS 2008) for structural LVL. The MOE and MOR values were significantly influenced by the physical treatment, however, neither to horizontal shear strength nor to formaldehyde emission. The best performance of LVL has resulted from unloaded LVL with cold-pressed time for 18 h; the MOE and MOR values were 9,345.05 ± 141.61 N mm−2 and 80.67 ± 1.77 N mm−2, respectively. The best value of the horizontal shear strength was obtained from the LVL with 18 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded (13.10 ± 1.47 N mm−2) and unloaded (12.23 ± 1.36 N mm−2). The percentage of delamination values decreased with an increase in the cold-pressing time and conditioning time. The lowest value of delamination (19.06%) was obtained from the LVL with 24 h cold-pressing time and conditioned with loaded for 14 days. Except the delamination test, all other properties fulfilled the JAS.

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