scholarly journals Characterization of Isolated Extracts from Justicia Plant Leaves used as Remedy for Anemia

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Jana Wood ◽  
Sayeda Yasmin-Karim ◽  
Michele Moreau ◽  
Rajiv Kumar ◽  
Janet Akwanwi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

Indigenous populations use plants as an important healthcare resource or remedy for different diseases. Here, isolated extracts from Justicia (family Acanthanceae) plant leaves used in Africa as remedy for anemia are characterized by different methods to assess composition and potential nutritional or therapeutic value. Extracts from Justicia leaves were obtained by aqueous extraction, with further isolation by centrifuging and high-performance liquid chromatography. Extracts and isolated compounds were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Hemoglobin activity was assessed using different hemoglobin assays (Cayman Chemical, and Sigma–Aldrich), as well as ELISA. In addition, the safety of the isolated samples was assessed in vitro and in vivo in mice. ICP-MS study results revealed many essential metabolites found in blood plasma. The UV-Vis spectroscopy results highlighted the presence of hemoglobin, with assays showing levels over 4 times higher than that of similar mass of lyophilized human hemoglobin. Meanwhile, in vivo studies showed faster recovery from anemia in mice administered with the isolated extracts compared to untreated mice. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies highlighted safety of the extracts. This study reveals the presence of high levels of elements essential for blood health in the isolated extracts from Justicia plant leaves. The findings inspire further research with the potential applications in food fortification, and as remedy for blood disorders like anemia, which disproportionally affects cancer patients, pregnant women, and populations in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Identification of Organic Compounds from Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (Zhiheshouwu) by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3977
Author(s):  
Shaoyun Wang ◽  
Xiaozhu Sun ◽  
Shuo An ◽  
Fang Sang ◽  
Yunli Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP), as the processed product of tuberous roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines, with a long history. However, in recent years, liver adverse reactions linked to PMRP have been frequently reported. Our work attempted to investigate the chemical constituents of PMRP for clinical research and safe medication. In this study, an effective and rapid method was established to separate and characterize the constituents in PMRP by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS). Based on the accurate mass measurements for molecular and characteristic fragment ions, a total of 103 compounds, including 24 anthraquinones, 21 stilbenes, 15 phenolic acids, 14 flavones, and 29 other compounds were identified or tentatively characterized. Forty-eight compounds were tentatively characterized from PMRP for the first time, and their fragmentation behaviors were summarized. There were 101 components in PMRP ethanol extract (PMRPE) and 91 components in PMRP water extract (PMRPW). Simultaneously, the peak areas of several potential xenobiotic components were compared in the detection, which showed that PMRPE has a higher content of anthraquinones and stilbenes. The obtained results can be used in pharmacological and toxicological research and provided useful information for further in vitro and in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Which cytochrome P450 metabolizes phenazepam? Step by step in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko ◽  
Anastasia V. Rudik ◽  
Andrey A. Poloznikov ◽  
Sergey V. Nikulin ◽  
Valeriy V. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cyp3a Activity ◽  
Cell Culture Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract Background: Phenazepam (bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is the original Russian benzodiazepine tranquilizer belonging to 1,4-benzodiazepines. There is still limited knowledge about phenazepam’s metabolic liver pathways and other pharmacokinetic features. Methods: To determine phenazepam’s metabolic pathways, the study was divided into three stages: in silico modeling, in vitro experiment (cell culture study), and in vivo confirmation. In silico modeling was performed on the specialized software PASS and GUSAR to evaluate phenazepam molecule affinity to different cytochromes. The in vitro study was performed using a hepatocytes’ cell culture, cultivated in a microbioreactor to produce cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The culture medium contained specific cytochrome P450 isoforms inhibitors and substrates (for CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6) to determine the cytochrome that was responsible for phenazepam’s metabolism. We also measured CYP3A activity using the 6-betahydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio in patients. Results: According to in silico and in vitro analysis results, the most probable metabolizer of phenazepam is CYP3A4. By the in vivo study results, CYP3A activity decreased sufficiently (from 3.8 [95% CI: 2.94–4.65] to 2.79 [95% CI: 2.02–3.55], p=0.017) between the start and finish of treatment in patients who were prescribed just phenazepam. Conclusions: Experimental in silico and in vivo studies confirmed that the original Russian benzodiazepine phenazepam was the substrate of CYP3A4 isoenzyme.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Euphorbia nivulia–Ham. in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093942
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Ali Sharif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of Euphorbia nivulia (En), native to Cholistan Desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. First, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and found that this plant contains ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, benzoic acid, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Then, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to assess its effects on diabetic Wistar rat model. The experiments were performed and compared with control drug glibenclamide. The 70% hydroalcoholic extract of En exhibited 97.8% in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effect at a dose of 1.0 mg/mL. We orally administered the extract of En and control drug to the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and analyzed its antidiabetic effects. We found that the extract of En with a dose of 500 mg/kg/body weight exhibited significant effect to reduce blood glucose in STZ-induced rats as compared with the control group ( P < .001). Our histological data also showed that the extract significantly improved the histopathology of pancreas. Collectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that En possesses α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals The Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of 18 Elements of Tibetan Medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu Pills in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yinglian Song ◽  
Ke Fu ◽  
Dewei Zhang ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Ruixia Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms

The aim of this study is to determine 18 elements in Tibetan medicine Qishiwei Zhenzhu pills (QSW) and their absorption, distribution, and excretion in rats with cerebral ischemia. Microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to determine 18 elements of QSW in simulated gastrointestinal (GI) juice. Rats were given QSW (66.68 mg/kg) followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Sham rats received saline and were not subjected to MCAO. ICP-MS was applied to determine the content of 18 elements in hepatic venous blood, abdominal aortic blood, brain, liver, kidney, hair, urine, and feces 24 h after MCAO. In vitro results showed that the extraction rate of Mn, Cu, Sr, Pb, Au, and Hg of QSW in gastric juice (1 h) was higher than that in water, and the contents of Cu, Au, Sr, and As were higher in intestinal juice (4 h) than in water. In vivo results showed that the contents of elements in the blood were quite low, and QSW increased Ni, Cr, Sr, Co, and V in artery blood and decreased V in venous blood. Elements in the tissues were also low, and QSW increased brain Li but decreased Cr and Cd; QSW increased kidney Ag and Cs and liver Mn but decreased liver Ni. QSW increased urinary excretion of Li, Sr, Hg, Cs, and V; QSW increased Hg content in hair but decreased Ni. Stool is the main excretion pathway of the elements in QSW, with Ba, Mn, Sr, Cd, V, Cu, Cs, Li, Pb, Ag, Hg, Cr, As, and Co the highest. In summary, this study examined the distribution of 18 elements in QSW-treated MCAO rats. The accumulation of these elements in blood and tissues was extremely low, and the majority was excreted in feces within 24 h, highlighting the importance of the gut-microbiota-brain axis in QSW-mediated brain protection.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies on the Anticoagulant Profile of Branded Enoxaparin and a New Biosimilar Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962096082
Author(s):  
Dalia Qneibi ◽  
Eduardo Ramacciotti ◽  
Ariane Scarlatelli Macedo ◽  
Roberto Augusto Caffaro ◽  
Leandro Barile Agati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Thrombin Time

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) represent depolymerized heparin prepared by various methods that exhibit differential, biochemical and pharmacological profiles. Enoxaparin is prepared by benzylation followed by alkaline depolymerization of porcine heparin. Upon the expiration of its patent, several biosimilar versions of enoxaparin have become available. Heparinox (Sodic enoxaparine; Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos LTDA, Sao Paulo, Brazil) is a new biosimilar form of enoxaparin. We assessed the molecular weight and the biochemical profile of Heparinox and compared its properties to the original branded enoxaparin (Lovenox; Sanofi, Paris, France). Clotting profiles compared included activated clotting time, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin time (TT). Anti-protease assays included anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activities. Thrombin generation was measured using a calibrated automated thrombogram and thrombokinetic profile included peak thrombin, lag time and area under the curve. USP potency was determined using commercially available assay kits. Molecular weight profiling was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. We determined that Heparinox and Lovenox were comparable in their molecular weight profile. Th anticoagulant profile of the branded and biosimilar version were also similar in the clot based aPTT and TT. Similarly, the anti-Xa and anti-IIa activities were comparable in the products. No differences were noted in the thrombin generation inhibitory profile of the branded and biosimilar versions of enoxaparin. Our studies suggest that Heparinox is bioequivalent to the original branded enoxaparin based upon in vitro tests however will require further in vivo studies in animal models and humans to determine their clinical bioequivalence.

Biocompatibility of Near-IR Sensitive Au-Based Nanoparticles as the Potential Drug Delivery Carriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1177-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Xiao Li Huang ◽  
Lei Ren ◽  
Qi Qing Zhang ◽  
Mei Chee Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nih3t3 Cells ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

We successfully synthesized near infrared (NIR) sensitive Au(shell)-Au2S(core) nanoparticles, where Au2S dielectric core was encapsulated by a thin gold shell. The cytotoxicity in vitro and biodistribution in vivo of Au-Au2S nanoparticles was studied by using NIH3T3 cells and KM mice, respectively. The quantitative analysis of Au in each tissue of mice was done by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Au-Au2S nanoparticles (< 300 μg/ml) showed good biocompatibility. Au-Au2S nanoparticles were preferentially taken up by the liver and spleen, and ultimately eliminated mostly in the feces.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Resveratrol and Oxyresveratrol by Liquid Chromatography

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Rajeshree Khambadkar ◽  
Selvan Ravindran ◽  
Digamber Singh Chahar ◽  
Srushti Utekar ◽  
Amlesh Tambe
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

Introduction: Resveratrol and its monooxygenated metabolite oxyresveratrol were the subject matter of intense research due to their medicinal value. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion are important to understand the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. Quantification of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol is essential for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: During in vitro drug metabolism studies, both qualitative and quantitative information are essential to understand the metabolic profile of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. In the present study, a simple and stable method is outlined using high performance liquid chromatography to quantify both resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. This method is suitable to understand the metabolic stability, plasma stability, pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. Results: Generally, in vitro incubation studies are performed at high concentrations and in vivo studies are carried out at both high and low concentrations, therefore high performance liquid chromatography method is demonstrated as a suitable technique to quantify resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. Conclusion: Retention time of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol from liquid chromatography qualitatively confirm its identity.

Novel method for in vivo hydroxyl radical measurement by microdialysis in fetal sheep brain in utero

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2304-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin B. Yan ◽  
Jessica K. Unthank ◽  
Margie Castillo-Melendez ◽  
Suzanne L. Miller ◽  
Steven J. Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydroxyl Radical ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
In Utero ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sheep Brain

Hydroxyl radical (·OH) is a reactive oxygen species produced during severe hypoxia, asphyxia, or ischemia that can cause cell death resulting in brain damage. Generation of ·OH may occur in the fetal brain during asphyxia in utero. The very short half-life of ·OH requires use of trapping agents such as salicylic acid or phenylalanine for detection, but their hydroxylated derivatives are either unstable, produced endogenously, or difficult to measure in the small volume of microdialysis samples. In the present study, we used terephthalic acid (TA), hydroxylation of which yields a stable and highly fluorometric isomer (excitation, 326 nm; emission, 432 nm). In vitro studies using ·OH generated by the Fenton reaction showed that hydroxylated TA formed quickly (<10 s), was resistant to bleaching (<5% change in fluorescence), and permitted detection of <0.5 pmol ·OH. In vivo studies were performed in fetal sheep using microdialysis probes implanted into the parasagittal cortex. The probe was perfused at 2 μl/min with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing 5 mM TA, and samples were collected every 30 min. Fluorescence measured in 10 μl of dialysate was significantly greater than in the efflux from probes perfused without TA. High-performance liquid chromotography analysis showed that the fluorescence in dialysis samples was entirely due to hydroxylation of TA. Thus this study shows that it is possible to use TA as a trapping agent for detecting low concentrations of ·OH both in vitro and in vivo and that low concentrations of ·OH are present in fetal brain tissue and fluctuate with time.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Morphostructure, Surface Chemistry and Preclinical Studies of Nanoporous Rice Husk-Derived Biochars for Gastrointestinal Detoxification

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Jandosov ◽  
L.I. Mikhalovska ◽  
C.A. Howell ◽  
D.I. Chenchik ◽  
B.K. Kosher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sorbents ◽  
Study Results

This article summarizes the methodology of synthesis, surface functionalization and structural properties of rice husk-derived nanostructured carbon enterosorbents (biochars) in connection with the preliminary in vitro study results of uraemic toxin adsorption in model experiments, as well as preclinical trials in vivo. The obtained nanostructured carbon sorbents were studied using a number of modern physicochemical methods of investigation: low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, isotherms recording and calculation of the specific surface area, pore volumes were carried out using the Autosorb-1 "Quantachrome" device. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-analysis. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis of the ACs were accomplished using "Quantachrome Poremaster" data analysis software. In vitro adsorption results assessed by use of HPLC and UV-spectroscopy for the nanostructured carbon sorbents with respect to the investigated low-molecule toxins suggest that the rice husks-derived carbon enterosorbents modified with the functional groups are able to reduce clinically significant levels of uraemic toxins and are comparable to the commercial enterosorbents. Based on the results of the comparative analysis for biocompatibility of canine kidney epithelial cells it was determined that the samples of the modified sorbents CRH-P-450 and CRH-475-KOH-850-N do not exhibit cytotoxicity in comparison with the commercial carbon enterosorbent «Adsorbix Extra». According to the results of the in vivo studies, it was determined that there was a positive effect of the enterosorbent CRH-P-450 on uremia and intoxication.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSDERMAL DOSAGE FORM USING COPROCESSED EXCIPIENTS OF XANTHAN GUM AND CROSS-LINKED AMYLOSE: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
SILVIA SURINI ◽  
ASTINA SICILIA ◽  
RIKA SOFIANI ◽  
SITI KHOIRIAH ◽  
UFAIRAH H INDRIATIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Study Results

Objective: A transdermal hydrogel dosage form consists of a three-dimensional polymer network that binds water in large quantities and is usedfor drug delivery. The study’s aim was to prepare coprocessed excipients as a matrix for a transdermal hydrogel containing diclofenac sodium andexamine in vitro and in vivo drug penetrations.Methods: Four types of coprocessed excipients were produced using two methods that combined crosslinking and coprocessing steps. The producedexcipients were formulated as transdermal gels containing sodium diclofenac. An in vitro penetration test was then performed using a Franz diffusioncell to pass the drug through a rat skin membrane. An in vivo penetration test was performed by applying the hydrogel to the abdominal skin of maleSprague-Dawley rats and then measuring the plasma drug concentration.Results: In vitro penetration results showed that the flux from Co-CLA6-XG 1:2, Co-CLA12-XG 1:2, CL6-Co-A-XG 1:2, and CL12-Co-A-XG 1:2 transdermalhydrogels was 655.23±116.43 μg∙cm−2/h, 569.08±26.58 μg∙cm−2/h, 867.42±101.27 μg∙cm−2/h−1, and 736.99±15.39 μg∙cm−2/h−1. The in vivo studyresulted in area under the curve for the Co−CLA6−XG 1:2, Co−CLA12−XG 1:2, CL6−Co−A−XG 1:2, and CL12−Co−A−XG 1:2 transdermal hydrogels was32.08±5.40 μg∙ml−1∙h, 34.27±8.34 μg/ml∙h, 6.20±2.90 μg/ml∙h, and 14.38±2.38 μg/mL∙h, respectively.Conclusion: The study results showed that the excipients could be processed to form a matrix within a transdermal hydrogel formulation and deliversodium diclofenac into systemic circulation in a controlled release manner.

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