scholarly journals Synthesis, Morphostructure, Surface Chemistry and Preclinical Studies of Nanoporous Rice Husk-Derived Biochars for Gastrointestinal Detoxification

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Jandosov ◽  
L.I. Mikhalovska ◽  
C.A. Howell ◽  
D.I. Chenchik ◽  
B.K. Kosher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sorbents ◽  
Study Results

This article summarizes the methodology of synthesis, surface functionalization and structural properties of rice husk-derived nanostructured carbon enterosorbents (biochars) in connection with the preliminary in vitro study results of uraemic toxin adsorption in model experiments, as well as preclinical trials in vivo. The obtained nanostructured carbon sorbents were studied using a number of modern physicochemical methods of investigation: low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, isotherms recording and calculation of the specific surface area, pore volumes were carried out using the Autosorb-1 "Quantachrome" device. Scanning electron microscopy and EDS-analysis. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis of the ACs were accomplished using "Quantachrome Poremaster" data analysis software. In vitro adsorption results assessed by use of HPLC and UV-spectroscopy for the nanostructured carbon sorbents with respect to the investigated low-molecule toxins suggest that the rice husks-derived carbon enterosorbents modified with the functional groups are able to reduce clinically significant levels of uraemic toxins and are comparable to the commercial enterosorbents. Based on the results of the comparative analysis for biocompatibility of canine kidney epithelial cells it was determined that the samples of the modified sorbents CRH-P-450 and CRH-475-KOH-850-N do not exhibit cytotoxicity in comparison with the commercial carbon enterosorbent «Adsorbix Extra». According to the results of the in vivo studies, it was determined that there was a positive effect of the enterosorbent CRH-P-450 on uremia and intoxication.

scholarly journals Which cytochrome P450 metabolizes phenazepam? Step by step in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Ivashchenko ◽  
Anastasia V. Rudik ◽  
Andrey A. Poloznikov ◽  
Sergey V. Nikulin ◽  
Valeriy V. Smirnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cyp3a Activity ◽  
Cell Culture Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract Background: Phenazepam (bromdihydrochlorphenylbenzodiazepine) is the original Russian benzodiazepine tranquilizer belonging to 1,4-benzodiazepines. There is still limited knowledge about phenazepam’s metabolic liver pathways and other pharmacokinetic features. Methods: To determine phenazepam’s metabolic pathways, the study was divided into three stages: in silico modeling, in vitro experiment (cell culture study), and in vivo confirmation. In silico modeling was performed on the specialized software PASS and GUSAR to evaluate phenazepam molecule affinity to different cytochromes. The in vitro study was performed using a hepatocytes’ cell culture, cultivated in a microbioreactor to produce cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. The culture medium contained specific cytochrome P450 isoforms inhibitors and substrates (for CYP2C9, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP2B6) to determine the cytochrome that was responsible for phenazepam’s metabolism. We also measured CYP3A activity using the 6-betahydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio in patients. Results: According to in silico and in vitro analysis results, the most probable metabolizer of phenazepam is CYP3A4. By the in vivo study results, CYP3A activity decreased sufficiently (from 3.8 [95% CI: 2.94–4.65] to 2.79 [95% CI: 2.02–3.55], p=0.017) between the start and finish of treatment in patients who were prescribed just phenazepam. Conclusions: Experimental in silico and in vivo studies confirmed that the original Russian benzodiazepine phenazepam was the substrate of CYP3A4 isoenzyme.

Analysis on Homoeopathic Preparation of Asterias Rubens for Evaluating Anti Breast Cancer Cell Line using Similia Principle

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 805-808
Author(s):  
Ravikumar Raju ◽  
Teja ◽  
Sravanathi P ◽  
Muthu Babu K
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Asterias Rubens ◽  
Mcf 7

Breast cancer is the subsequent foremost reason of cancer death in a woman and ranks as the primary foremost reason of death in India. In its conduct, several measures and recommendation are considered. Homoeopathic medicines are one of the part of a corresponding, and another medicine is utilized for the treatment of cancer. The main purpose of the investigation is to evaluate the anticancer action of homoeopathic arrangements of Asterias rubens  on the basis of the similia principle. We directed an in vitro study using MTT assay to control the result of ultra diluted homoeopathic preparation in contradiction of two human breast glandular cancer cell lines(MCF-7 and MDA-MD- 231), frequently used for the breast cancer treatment, by testing the feasibility of breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MD-231) cell line, with various attenuations of Asterias rubens  at 24 hrs. Multiple comparisons between tested reagents at different concentrations confirmed the significance of the said results. At a dilution of 1:25 6CH and 30CH potency shown superior activity on MCF-7 and no such significant changes on MDA-MD-231 at any dilutions As it fails to offer estrogen receptor(ER) Also progesterone receptor (PR) expression, and also HER2 (human epidermal development variable receptor2) so continuously a triple-negative breast cancer it will be a hostility manifestation for breast cancer with restricted medicine choices. However, further potency needs to be tested. These preliminary significant results warrant further in vitro and in vivo studies to estimate the possible of Asterias rubens  a medicine to treat breast cancer.

scholarly journals Azaspiracids Increase Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases Activity in Hepatocytes: Involvement of Potassium and Chloride Ions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pelin ◽  
Jane Kilcoyne ◽  
Chiara Florio ◽  
Philipp Hess ◽  
Aurelia Tubaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Channel Inhibition ◽  
Dehydrogenases Activity

Background: Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine toxins that are produced by Azadinium and Amphidoma dinoflagellates that can contaminate edible shellfish inducing a foodborne poisoning in humans, which is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. Among these, AZA1, -2, and -3 are regulated in the European Union, being the most important in terms of occurrence and toxicity. In vivo studies in mice showed that, in addition to gastrointestinal effects, AZA1 induces liver alterations that are visible as a swollen organ, with the presence of hepatocellular fat droplets and vacuoles. Hence, an in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effects of AZA1, -2, and -3 on liver cells, using human non-tumor IHH hepatocytes. Results: The exposure of IHH cells to AZA1, -2, or -3 (5 × 10−12–1 × 10−7 M) for 24 h did not affect the cell viability and proliferation (Sulforhodamine B assay and 3H-Thymidine incorporation assay), but they induced a significant concentration-dependent increase of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity (MTT reduction assay). This effect depends on the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and II, being counteracted by rotenone and tenoyl trifluoroacetone, respectively. Furthermore, AZAs-increased mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was almost totally suppressed in the K+-, Cl−-, and Na+-free media and sensitive to the specific inhibitors of KATP and hERG potassium channels, Na+/K+, ATPase, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels. Conclusions: These results suggest that AZA mitochondrial effects in hepatocytes derive from an imbalance of intracellular levels of K+ and, in particular, Cl− ions, as demonstrated by the selective reduction of toxin effects by CFTR chloride channel inhibition.

scholarly journals 1074-152 Will combinations of multiple agents produce more robust contrast imaging? An in vitro study and in vivo studies in dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. A328
Author(s):  
Xiaokui Li ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Diane Paine ◽  
Zuhua Mao ◽  
Aarti Hejmadi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Multiple Agents ◽  
Contrast Imaging

scholarly journals Influence of dental exposure to oral environment on smear layer removal and collagen exhibition after using different conditioning agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Amaral Fontanari ◽  
Shelon Cristina Souza Pinto ◽  
Rodrigo Cavassim ◽  
Rubens Spin-Neto ◽  
Eduardo de Paula Ishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Impacted Teeth ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Root Surface Conditioning

Although in vitro studies have shown encouraging results for root surface conditioning with demineralizing agents, in vivo studies have failed to show its benefits in periodontal healing. This can be attributed to several factors, among which, the hypermineralization of dental surface. Therefore, this in vitro study compared, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the effect of root surface conditioning with different conditioners (1% and 25% citric acid, 24% EDTA and 50 mg/mL tetracycline hydrochloride) in impacted teeth and in teeth that had their roots exposed to the oral environment. One trained examiner assessed the SEM micrographs using a root surface modification index. There was a tendency of more root surface modification in the group of impacted teeth, suggesting that the degree of root mineralization influences its chemical demineralization.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Licorice on IL-1β-Induced Chondrocytes and In Silico Approach for Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
YoungJoon Park ◽  
Jeonghoon Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jin An ◽  
Jong-Sik Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Binding Potential ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Chondrocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Active Compounds

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disorder that affects joint function, mobility, and pain. The release of proinflammatory cytokines stimulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanase production which further induces articular cartilage degradation. Hypertrophy-like changes in chondrocytes are considered to be an important feature of OA pathogenesis. A Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), was developed by the Korea Rural Development Administration to enhance the cultivation and quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (licorice). This study examined the regulatory effect of WG against hypertrophy-like changes such as RUNX2, Collagen X, VEGFA, MMP-13 induction, and Collagen II reduction induced by IL-1β in SW1353 human chondrocytes. Additionally, in silico methods were performed to identify active compounds in licorice to target chondrocyte hypertrophy-related proteins. WG showed inhibitory effects against IL-1β-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy by regulating both HDAC4 activation via the PTH1R/PKA/PP2A pathway and the SOX9/β-catenin signaling pathway. In silico analysis demonstrated that 21 active compounds from licorice have binding potential with 11 targets related to chondrocyte hypertrophy. Further molecular docking analysis and in vivo studies elicited four compounds. Based on HPLC, isoliquiritigenin and its precursors were identified and quantified. Taken together, WG is a potential therapeutic agent for chondrocyte hypertrophy-like changes in OA.

Evaluation of decontamination efficacy of electrolytically generated hypochlorous acid for vesicating agent: A multimodel Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Shukla ◽  
Aman Kalonia ◽  
Priyanka Shaw ◽  
Kushagra Khanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Hypochlorous Acid ◽  
Sulfur Mustard ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Blister Formation ◽  
Oxidizing Agents

Background: Sulfur Mustard is a strong vesicant and chemical warfare agent that imposes toxicity to the lungs, eyes, and skin after accidental or intended exposure. Objectives: The current study was intended to explore in vitro and in vivo decontamination properties of electrolytically generated HOCl (hypochlorous acid) against CEES (2-chloroethyle ethyle sulphide), a known sulfur mustard simulant & vesicating agent. Methods: In vitro studies were carried out using UV spectroscopy and GC-MS methods. In vivo studies were perfomred in Strain A and immune compromised mice by subcutaneous as well as prophylactic topical administrion of HOCl pretreated CEES. The blister formation and mortality were considered as end-point. Histopathological study was conducted on skin samples by H & E method. DNA damage studies measuring γ-H2AX and ATM has been carried out in human blood using flow cytometry. Anti-bacterial action was tested by employing broth micro dilution methods. Comparative study was also carried out with known oxidizing agents. Results: The topical application of pre-treated CEES at 5, 30 min and 1 h time points showed significant (p<0.001) inhibition of blister formation. DNA damage study showed reduced mean flourences intensity of DSBs nearly 17-20 times, suggesting that HOCl plays a protective role against DNA damage. Histopathology showed no sign of necrosis in the epidermis upto 5 min although moderate changes were observed at 30 min. Pretreated samples were analyzed for detection of reaction products with m/z value of 75.04, 69.08, 83.93, 85.95, 123.99, 126.00, and 108.97. HOCl showed strong bactericidal effect at 40 ppm. The absorbance spectra of HOCl treated CEES showed lowered peaks in comparison to CEES alone and other oxidizing agents Conclusion: In a nutshell, our results signify the decontamination role of HOCl for biological surface application.

Pulp Regeneration by 3-dimensional Dental Pulp Stem Cell Constructs

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Itoh ◽  
J.I. Sasaki ◽  
M. Hashimoto ◽  
C. Katata ◽  
M. Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Pulp Regeneration ◽  
Immunodeficient Mice ◽  
3 Dimensional

Dental pulp regeneration therapy for the pulpless tooth has attracted recent attention, and clinical trial studies are underway with the tissue engineering approach. However, there remain many concerns, including the extended period for regenerating the dental pulp. In addition, the use of scaffolds increases the risk of inflammation and infection. To establish a basic technology for novel dental pulp regenerative therapy that allows transplant of pulp-like tissue, we attempted to fabricate scaffold-free 3-dimensional (3D) cell constructs composed of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Furthermore, we assessed viability of these 3D DPSC constructs for dental pulp regeneration through in vitro and in vivo studies. For the in vitro study, we obtained 3D DPSC constructs by shaping sheet-like aggregates of DPSCs with a thermoresponsive hydrogel. DPSCs within constructs remained viable even after prolonged culture; furthermore, 3D DPSC constructs possessed a self-organization ability necessary to serve as a transplant tissue. For the in vivo study, we filled the human tooth root canal with DPSC constructs and implanted it subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We found that pulp-like tissues with rich blood vessels were formed within the human root canal 6 wk after implantation. Histologic analyses revealed that transplanted DPSCs differentiated into odontoblast-like mineralizing cells at sites in contact with dentin; furthermore, human CD31–positive endothelial cells were found at the center of regenerated tissue. Thus, the self-organizing ability of 3D DPSC constructs was active within the pulpless root canal in vivo. In addition, blood vessel–rich pulp-like tissues can be formed with DPSCs without requiring scaffolds or growth factors. The technology established in this study allows us to prepare DPSC constructs with variable sizes and shapes; therefore, transplantation of DPSC constructs shows promise for regeneration of pulpal tissue in the pulpless tooth.

scholarly journals Taurine Inhibits Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Mitochondrial Injury, Preventing Osteonecrosis in Rabbits and Cultured Osteocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6892
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Hirata ◽  
Shusuke Ueda ◽  
Toru Ichiseki ◽  
Miyako Shimasaki ◽  
Yoshimichi Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mitochondrial Injury ◽  
Gluteus Muscle ◽  
Glucocorticoid Administration ◽  
Stress Environment

Mitochondrial injury has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis. Using cultured osteocytes and a rabbit model, we investigated the possibility that taurine (TAU), which is known to play a role in the preservation of mitochondrial function, might also prevent the development of osteonecrosis. To reduplicate the intraosseous environment seen in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis, dexamethasone (Dex) was added to MLO-Y4 cultured in 1% hypoxia (H-D stress environment). An in vitro study was conducted in which changes in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a marker of mitochondrial function, and ATP5A produced by mitochondria, induced by the presence/absence of taurine addition were measured. To confirm the effect of taurine in vivo, 15 Japanese White rabbits were administered methylprednisolone (MP) 20 mg/kg as a single injection into the gluteus muscle (MP+/TAU− group), while for 5 consecutive days from the day of MP administration, taurine 100 mg/kg was administered to 15 animals (MP+/TAU+ group). As a control 15 untreated rabbits were also studied. The rabbits in each of the groups were sacrificed on the 14th day after glucocorticoid administration, and the bilateral femora were harvested. Histopathologically, the incidence of osteonecrosis was quantified immunohistochemically by quantifying TFAM and ATP5A expression. In the rabbits exposed to an H-D stress environment and in MP+/TAU− group, TFAM and ATP5A expression markedly decreased. With addition of taurine in the in vitro and in vivo studies, the expression of TFAM and ATP5A was somewhat decreased as compared with Dex−/hypoxia− or MP−/TAU− group, while improvement was noted as compared with Dex+/hypoxia+ or MP+/TAU− group. In rabbits, the incidence of osteonecrosis was 80% in MP+/TAU− group, in contrast to 20% in the taurine administered group (MP+/TAU+), representing a significant decrease. Since taurine was documented to exert a protective effect on mitochondrial function by inhibiting the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with glucocorticoid administration, we speculated that it might also indirectly help to prevent the development of osteonecrosis in this context. Since taurine is already being used clinically, we considered that its clinical application would also likely be smooth.

P0554IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF HA330 CARTRIDGE ADSORPTION CAPACITY REALTED TO VANCOMYCIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lorenzin ◽  
Llaria Godi ◽  
Massimo De Cal ◽  
Claudio Ronco
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Reduction Ratio ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Adsorptive Capacity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug

Abstract Background and Aims The rationale for blood purification as adjunctive therapy during sepsis involved the capacity in removing endogenous and exogenous toxins, but currently no recommendations exists [1]. A critical point may be the potential interaction with antimicrobial therapy, which remains the mainstay of sepsis treatment. HA330 cartridge (Jafron, Zhuhai City, China), widely used in China and actually available in Europe, is used in hemoperfusion for blood purification in septic patients.The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the adsorptive capacity of HA330 related to vancomycin (VAN). Reference: 1. Rhodes A et al. Crit Care Med 45:486-552. 2017 Method This is an experimental study, simulating an hemoperfusion treatment with HA330. We circulated (250 ml/min) in a closed loop 500 ml of normal saline solution enriched with VAN, stirred and maintained at 37°C. We spiked 100 mg of VAN every 15 minutes to increase the antibiotic load until reaching 1500 mg, the last injection was 500 mg to get a total amount of 2 g. Samples were collected from the inlet line at each VAN adjunct, after system stabilization. Measured VAN concentrations were used to get the adsorption isotherm: for each VAN load, the adsorbed amount of VAN was obtained by multiplying VAN reduction ratio and the quantity of VAN injected. Results Figure 1 shows VAN adsorption isotherm obtained with HA330 cartridge. We observed that, at each injection, after 15 minutes VAN was almost entirely adsorbed by the cartridge, with an average reduction ratio of 0.96. Interestingly, this was confirmed even adding 500 mg at once. Even increasing the VAN load to 500 mg at once, the reduction ratio was maintained. Conclusion In our study, simulating hemoperfusion using HA330, a rapid and clinically relevant removal of VAN has been shown. A significant amount of VAN (2g) was adsorbed without reaching membrane saturation nor reducing its adsorptive capacity. In a clinical setting, we recommend a therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize VAN levels during blood purification with HA330 and a VAN loading dose may be considered. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

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