scholarly journals The Reactivity and Stability of Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Gao ◽  
Ivan Trentin ◽  
Ludwig Schwiedrzik ◽  
Leticia González ◽  
Carsten Streb
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Substrates ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
The Stability

This review describes major advances in the use of functionalized molecular metal oxides (polyoxometalates, POMs) as water oxidation catalysts under electrochemical conditions. The fundamentals of POM-based water oxidation are described, together with a brief overview of general approaches to designing POM water oxidation catalysts. Next, the use of POMs for homogeneous, solution-phase water oxidation is described together with a summary of theoretical studies shedding light on the POM-WOC mechanism. This is followed by a discussion of heterogenization of POMs on electrically conductive substrates for technologically more relevant application studies. The stability of POM water oxidation catalysts is discussed, using select examples where detailed data is already available. The review finishes with an outlook on future perspectives and emerging themes in electrocatalytic polyoxometalate-based water oxidation research.

scholarly journals Reactivity and Stability of Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Gao ◽  
Ivan Trentin ◽  
Ludwig Schwiedrzik ◽  
Leticia González ◽  
Carsten Streb
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Homogeneous Solution ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Substrates ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Phase Water

This review describes major advances in the use of functionalized molecular metal oxides (polyoxometalates, POMs) as water oxidation catalysts under electrochemical conditions. The fundamentals of POM-based water oxidation are described together with a brief overview of general approaches to designing POM water oxidation catalysts. Next, the use of POMs for homogeneous, solution-phase water oxidation is described together with a summary of theoretical studies shedding light on the POM-WOC mechanism. This is followed by a discussion of heterogenization of POMs on electrically conductive substrates for technologically more relevant application studies. Stability of POM water oxidation catalysts are discussed on selected examples where detailed data is already available. The review finishes with an outlook on future perspective and emerging themes in electrocatalytic polyoxometalate-based water oxidation research.

scholarly journals On the Stability of Water Oxidation Catalysts: Challenges and Prospects

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Izgorodin ◽  
Orawan Winther-Jensen ◽  
Douglas R. MacFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Water

Future requirements for water splitting technologies need highly efficient water oxidation catalysts that are sufficiently stable for operation over many years. Recent research has achieved significant progress in improving the electro-catalytic activities of these catalysts. However, there has not been a strong research focus on their long-term mechanical and chemical stability, yet this is critical for commercial application. In this paper we discuss some of the chemical and thermodynamic challenges confronting this goal, as well as some of the strategies that are available to overcome them. The challenge becomes even greater in the area of photo-active electromaterials; fortunately some of the same strategies may allow progress in this area also.

scholarly journals Chasing the Achilles’ Heel in Hybrid Systems of Diruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts Anchored on Indium Tin Oxide: The Stability of the Anchor

ACS Catalysis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 6235-6244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jann Odrobina ◽  
Julius Scholz ◽  
Marcel Risch ◽  
Sebastian Dechert ◽  
Christian Jooss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
The Stability

Tailored design of ruthenium molecular catalysts with 2,2′-bypyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylate and pyrazole based ligands for water oxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (37) ◽  
pp. 14689-14696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Daniel ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Lele Duan ◽  
Fusheng Li ◽  
Licheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Turnover Frequency ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Molecular Catalysts ◽  
Tailored Design

A series of tailor-designed Ruthenium based water oxidation catalysts have been synthesized. By fine tuning of the catalyst structure, the turnover frequency was increased up to 500 s−1and the stability over 6000 turnovers.

Revisiting Dinuclear Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts: Effect of Bridging Ligand Architecture on Catalytic Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1806-1813
Author(s):  
Husain N. Kagalwala ◽  
Mahesh S. Deshmukh ◽  
Elamparuthi Ramasamy ◽  
Neelima Nair ◽  
Rongwei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Bridging Ligand ◽  
Dinuclear Ruthenium

Heterogeneous Water Oxidation Catalysts for Molecular Anodes and Photoanodes

Solar RRL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew V. Sheridan ◽  
Benjamin D. Sherman ◽  
Yi Xie ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts

scholarly journals Design of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Stabilized by Ultrathin Inorganic Overlayers—Is Active Site Protection Necessary?

Inorganics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Sévery ◽  
Sebastian Siol ◽  
S. Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molecular Water ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Oxidation Catalysts ◽  
Initial Onset ◽  
Anchoring Groups

Anchored molecular catalysts provide a good step towards bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, applications in an aqueous environment pose a serious challenge to anchoring groups in terms of stability. Ultrathin overlayers embedding these catalysts on the surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) are an elegant solution to tackle the anchoring group instability. The propensity of ALD precursors to react with water leads to the question whether molecules containing aqua ligands, such as most water oxidation complexes, can be protected without side reactions and deactivation during the deposition process. We synthesized two iridium and two ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts, which contained an aqua ligand (Ir–OH2 and Ru–OH2) or a chloride (Ir–Cl and Ru–Cl) that served as a protecting group for the former. Using a ligand exchange reaction on the anchored and partially embedded Ru–Cl, the optimal overlayer thickness was determined to be 1.6 nm. An electrochemical test of the protected catalysts on meso-ITO showed different behaviors for the Ru and the Ir catalysts. The former showed no onset difference between protected and non-protected versions, but limited stability. Ir–Cl displayed excellent stability, whilst the unprotected catalyst Ir–OH2 showed a later initial onset. Self-regeneration of the catalytic activity of Ir–OH2 under operating conditions was observed. We propose chloride ligands as generally applicable protecting groups for catalysts that are to be stabilized on surfaces using ALD.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Electrical Performance of Flexible Polymer Film Designed for a Textile Electrically-Conductive Path

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Tabaczyńska ◽  
Anna Dąbrowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Anna Strąkowska
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Conductive Filler ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
The Stability

Electro-conductive paths that are mechanically resistant and stable during simulated aging cycles are promising, in relation to the non-invasive application in e-textiles in our everyday surroundings. In the paper, an analysis of the influence of electro-conductive filler, as well as ionic liquid on surface resistance is provided. Authors proved that depending on the tested variant, obtained surface resistance may vary from 50 kΩ (when 50 phr of Ag and [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid applied) to 26 GΩ (when 25 phr of Ag and [bmim][PF6] ionic liquid applied). The samples were also evaluated after simulated aging cycles and the stability of electric properties was confirmed. Moreover, it was proved that the addition of ionic liquids reduced the resistance of vulcanizates, while no significant influence of the extrusion process on conductivity was observed.

Investigating the stability of electrically conductive membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 119181
Author(s):  
Mohamad Amin Halali ◽  
Melissa Larocque ◽  
Charles-Franҫois de Lannoy
Keyword(s):  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Conductive Membranes ◽  
The Stability
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