scholarly journals Adsorption and Desorption Performance and Mechanism of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Activated Carbon-Based Adsorbents Derived from Sugar Cane Bagasse Activated with ZnCl2

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Cai ◽  
Liming Liu ◽  
Huafeng Tian ◽  
Zhennai Yang ◽  
Xiaogang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Tetracycline Hydrochloride ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Carbon Based

Adsorption and desorption behaviors of tetracycline hydrochloride by activated carbon-based adsorbents derived from sugar cane bagasse modified with ZnCl2 were investigated. The activated carbon was tested by SEM, EDX, BET, XRD, FTIR, and XPS. This activated carbon exhibited a high BET surface area of 831 m2 g−1 with the average pore diameter and pore volume reaching 2.52 nm and 0.45 m3 g−1, respectively. The batch experimental results can be described by Freundlich equation, pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the intraparticle diffusion model, while the maximum adsorption capacity reached 239.6 mg g−1 under 318 K. The effects of flow rate, bed height, initial concentration, and temperature were studied in fixed bed adsorption experiments, and adsorption data were fitted with six dynamic adsorption models. The results of characterizations and the batch experiments were analyzed to study the adsorption and desorption mechanisms. Tetracycline hydrochloride and activated carbon were bonded together by π–π interactions and cation–π bonds. Ethanol was used as an eluent which bonded with 10 hydrogen bond acceptors on tetracycline hydrochloride to form a complex by hydrogen bonding to achieve recycling.

scholarly journals Removal of nitrate from synthetic aqueous solution and groundwater in a continuous pilot system using chemical activated carbon derived from walnut shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Alighardashi ◽  
Shooza Shahali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

Excessive nitrate in the water impose a danger to human health and contribute to eutrophication. The present continuous fixed bed pilot study was carried out using granular activated carbon made from walnut shell for removal of nitrate from aqueous solution and natural groundwater. The carbon was characterized using SEM, FTIR and BET. The BET specific surface area and average pore size before nitrate adsorption were 1434.6 m2g−1 and 2.08 nm, respectively, and after were 633.28 m2g−1 and 2.04 nm, respectively. Optimum removal of nitrate was achieved at a contact time of 2 min, pH of 6.5 and a nitrate concentration of 200 mg/l. The hydraulic loading rate was calculated to be 10 m3/h.m2 and the maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) was 10 mg NO3/g. These experiments were also carried out using groundwater and the removal of nitrate decreased from 68% to 60% because of competition with other cations and anions.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Short-Time Preparation of NaOH-Activated Carbon from Sugar Cane Bagasse Using Microwave Plasma Heating

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuya Konno ◽  
Yusuke Oike ◽  
Yasutaka Ohba ◽  
Osamu Sasaki ◽  
Yasuyuki Takiguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Short Time

scholarly journals Preparation of Activated Carbon Derived from Jordanian Olive Cake and Functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for Adsorption of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6636
Author(s):  
Muna Abu-Dalo ◽  
Jehad Abdelnabi ◽  
Abeer Al Bawab
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Olive Cake ◽  
Adsorption Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Olive Mill

Olive oil production generates solid and liquid wastes that cause various environmental problems due to their high phenols and polyphenols load. Although many treatment methods were investigated to manage these wastes, more research is still needed to identify simple and cost-effective approaches. In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from olive cake waste and functionalized with Cu/Cu2O/CuO for efficient and selective removal of phenolic content from olive mill wastewater (OMW). AC media were characterized by scanning electron/dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters were investigated, and the adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics were determined. The adsorption of phenols onto copper oxide AC was best described by the Langmuir adsorption with maximum adsorption capacity of 13.9, 12.7, and 9.9 mg/g at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. The adsorption reaction was found to be spontaneous and endothermic where ∆H° and ∆G° were found to be 30.104 kJ/mol and −1.765, −2.839, and −3.723 (kJ/mol) at 311, 302, and 293 K, respectively. In addition, the kinetics data were perfectly fit by the pseudo-second-order model. The activated product derived from recyclable olive cake and enriched with inorganic functionality can offer a cost-effective treatment solution for OMW; thus, reducing both the liquid and solid waste generated from the olive mill industry.

Characterization of Activated Carbon from Sugar Cane Husk

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 1006-1011
Author(s):  
Nurul’ Ain binti Jamion ◽  
Siti Mazleena binti Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Vacuum Method

Interface adsorption of gases and liquid on a clean solid surface could be due to the physical or chemical adsorption. In this study, the activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk (powder and granular form) using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) as activating agent. Sample was activated at 500°C for two hours in the furnace and washed using vacuum method. Besides, surface area of activated carbon was defined using Single Point Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Nitrogen Gas. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared activated carbon were characterized by Fourier-Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), gravimetric method, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The adsorption study by surfactants, namely CTAB (cationic) and TX-100 (non-ionic) were investigated. The experimental results showed that a good activated carbon was prepared from sugar cane husk granular (SCH-G) gave the highest BET surface area of 860.18 m2/g and the adsorption capacity of SCH-G activated carbon at 25°C using TX-100 (205.81 mg g-1) was greater compared to the CTAB (108.20 mg g-1). This study has shown that the sugar cane husk was a good activated carbon and has potential to be used as adsorbent for the removal of surfactants from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shu ◽  
Kelin Li ◽  
Jinfeng Song ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Chunfang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Salix Matsudana

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) > Cd(II).

Production of char from vacuum pyrolysis of South-African sugar cane bagasse and its characterization as activated carbon and biochar

2012 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Carrier ◽  
Ailsa G. Hardie ◽  
Ümit Uras ◽  
Johann Görgens ◽  
Johannes (Hansie) Knoetze
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
South African ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis

scholarly journals Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Azrina Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO2 flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm3/g, 625.61 m2/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Qm of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

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