scholarly journals Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751-2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shu ◽  
Kelin Li ◽  
Jinfeng Song ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Chunfang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Salix Matsudana

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) > Cd(II).

Removal of the Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Nonylphenol from Water by Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Xiao Dong Wang ◽  
Yu Feng Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting

Nonylphenol(NP) have endocrine disrupting effects and exist generally in drinking water source. Physical properties including surface area, average pore-diameter, and micro-pore volume and chemical structure of the activated carbon was characterized by N2 adsorption experiment and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Pore volume could be the most important for adsorption. The high O content of carbon surface lead a negative effect to absorption capacity and low pH value, low temperature lead a positive effect to adsorption. The effect of humus in water to the removal was also studied and EDCs-humus bi-component adsorption model was established, it was found that there is strong competition between EDCs and humus. Due to the competition adsorption capacity of NP greatly decreased especially when the concentration of NP is very low. The adsorption kinetics test results indicated that the adsorption of NP followed the first-order kinetics and the smaller diameter GAC could increase adsorption velocity.

scholarly journals Adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon prepared from Lupinus Albus

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiye Bağcı ◽  
Ayhan Ceyhan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Solution Ph

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic aqueous solutions in batch experiments using Lupinus Albus-activated carbon (LAAC) by chemical activation with zinc chloride was investigated. Prior to adsorption experiments, surface/physical properties of LAAC were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. In the adsorption experiments, effects of adsorption time, solution pH, MB concentration and amount of LAAC were investigated. The isotherm and kinetic parameters were used to describe the experimental data. The BET surface area was 1254 m2/g while its total pore volume was found to be 0.484 cm3/g. Maximum adsorption capacity occurred at solution pH value 10 and was recorded as 109.89 mg/g. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models fit to the process and reaction kinetics correspondingly.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Microsphere from Sodium Lignosulfonate for Cr(VI) Adsorption Evaluation in Wastewater Treatment

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyan Yang ◽  
Jingchen Xing ◽  
Pingping Xu ◽  
Jianmin Chang ◽  
Qingfa Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Carbon Microsphere ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Zncl2 Activation

In this study, activated carbon microsphere (SLACM) was prepared from powdered sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and polystyrene by the Mannich reaction and ZnCl2 activation, which can be used to remove Cr(VI) from the aqueous solution without adding any binder. The SLACM was characterized and the batch experiments were conducted under different initial pH values, initial concentrations, contact time durations and temperatures to investigate the adsorption performance of Cr(VI) onto SLACM. The results indicated that the SLACM surface area and average pore size were 769.37 m2/g and 2.46 nm (the mesoporous material), respectively. It was found that the reduced initial pH value, the increased temperature and initial Cr(VI) concentration were beneficial to Cr(VI) adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) on SLACM was 227.7 mg/g at an initial pH value of 2 and the temperature of 40 °C. The adsorption of SLACM for Cr(VI) mainly occurred during the initial stages of the adsorption process. The adsorption kinetic and isotherm experimental data were thoroughly described by Elovich and Langmuir models, respectively. SL could be considered as a potential raw material for the production of activated carbon, which had a considerable potential for the Cr(VI) removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals Preparation of High-Performance Activated Carbon from Coffee Grounds after Extraction of Bio-Oil

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jie Ren ◽  
Nanwei Chen ◽  
Li Wan ◽  
Guojian Li ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Coffee Grounds ◽  
Bio Oil

In this study, a new method for economical utilization of coffee grounds was developed and tested. The resulting materials were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. The experimental data show bio-oil yields reaching 42.3%. The optimal activated carbon was obtained under vacuum pyrolysis self-activation at an operating temperature of 450 °C, an activation temperature of 600 °C, an activation time of 30 min, and an impregnation ratio with phosphoric acid of 150 wt.%. Under these conditions, the yield of activated carbon reached 27.4% with a BET surface area of 1420 m2·g−1, an average pore size of 2.1 nm, a total pore volume of 0.747 cm3·g−1, and a t-Plot micropore volume of 0.428 cm3·g−1. In addition, the surface of activated carbon looked relatively rough, containing mesopores and micropores with large amounts of corrosion pits.

scholarly journals Effect of Structure and Chemical Activation on the Adsorption Properties of Green Clay Minerals for the Removal of Cationic Dye

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Amari ◽  
Hatem Gannouni ◽  
Mohammad Khan ◽  
Mohammed Almesfer ◽  
Abubakr Elkhaleefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Acid Activation ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
Average Pore

In this study, natural clay minerals with green appearance were treated with sulfuric acid. Mass percentage of acid (wt%), temperature (T), contact time (t) and liquid-to-solid mass ratio (R) are used as the prevailing factors that determine the extent of acid-activation. The values of these factors range from 15–50%, 60–90 °C, 1.5–6 h and 4–7, respectively. The study has focused on the structural changes as well as textural characteristics of the clay. Three activated clay samples were prepared under different treatment conditions. The samples were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), chemical analysis and N2 adsorption techniques. Characterization of the treated clay minerals exhibited significant structural changes to a greater extent of acid-activation, from being partially crystalline to being amorphous silica. The surface area and total pore volume of clay increased proportionally with the level of acid treatment. The average pore diameter behaved differently. During the strong acid treatment, a large increase in pore volume and the enlargement of the pore size distribution were observed. This suggests that considerable structural changes and partial destruction may have occurred in this condition. The removal of methylene blue, used as cationic dye, from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption technique on three prepared acid-activated clay samples was studied. The Langmuir model was found to agree well with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Nanoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Prawn Shell and Its Application for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo ◽  
Yaqin Song ◽  
Xiaoyang Ji ◽  
Lili Ji ◽  
Lu Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Effects Of Ph

The aim of this study was to optimize the adsorption performance of activated carbon (AC), derived from the shell of Penaeus vannamei prawns, on heavy metal ions. Inexpensive, non-toxic, and renewable prawn shells were subjected to carbonization and, subsequently, KOH-activation to produce nanoporous K-Ac. Carbonized prawn shells (CPS) and nanoporous KOH-activated carbon (K-Ac) from prawn shells were prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, SEM, and TEM. The results showed that as-produced K-Ac samples were a porous material with microporous and mesoporous structures and had a high specific surface area of 3160 m2/g, average pore size of about 10 nm, and large pore volume of 2.38 m3/g. Furthermore, batches of K-Ac samples were employed for testing the adsorption behavior of Cd2+ in solution. The effects of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorption time on Cd2+ were systematically investigated. Kinetics and isotherm model analysis of the adsorption of Cd2+ on K-Ac showed that experimental data were not only consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, but also well-described by the quasi-first-order model. Finally, the adsorption behaviors of as-prepared K-Ac were also tested in a ternary mixture of heavy metal ions Cu2+, Cr6+, and Cd2+, and the total adsorption amount of 560 mg/g was obtained.

scholarly journals Removal of nitrate from synthetic aqueous solution and groundwater in a continuous pilot system using chemical activated carbon derived from walnut shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Alighardashi ◽  
Shooza Shahali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption

Excessive nitrate in the water impose a danger to human health and contribute to eutrophication. The present continuous fixed bed pilot study was carried out using granular activated carbon made from walnut shell for removal of nitrate from aqueous solution and natural groundwater. The carbon was characterized using SEM, FTIR and BET. The BET specific surface area and average pore size before nitrate adsorption were 1434.6 m2g−1 and 2.08 nm, respectively, and after were 633.28 m2g−1 and 2.04 nm, respectively. Optimum removal of nitrate was achieved at a contact time of 2 min, pH of 6.5 and a nitrate concentration of 200 mg/l. The hydraulic loading rate was calculated to be 10 m3/h.m2 and the maximum adsorption capacity using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.99) was 10 mg NO3/g. These experiments were also carried out using groundwater and the removal of nitrate decreased from 68% to 60% because of competition with other cations and anions.

Insights into the mechanism of methylene blue removed by novel and classic biochars

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1561-1570
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Fengting Chen ◽  
Bin Ji ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Hongjiao Song
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Adsorption Effect ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora

Abstract The adsorption behavior and the underlying mechanism of methylene blue (MB) sorption on biochars prepared from different feedstocks at 500 °C were evaluated. The biochar feedstocks included Magnolia grandiflora Linn. leaves biochar (MBC), pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel biochar (PBC) and badam shell biochar (BBC). The results of characterizing and analyzing the samples showed that different biochars had different effects on the adsorption of MB. It could be found that MBC had the best adsorption effect on MB due to its largest average pore diameter of 5.55 nm determined by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacities of BBC, PBC and MBC were 29.7, 85.15 and 99.3 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that the amount of adsorption was affected by the pH value. The maximum adsorption capacity of MBC was 46.99 mg/g when it was at pH of 3, whereas for the same experimental conditions the maximum adsorption capacity of BBC and PBC was 25.29 mg/g at pH of 11 and 36.08 mg/g at pH of 7, respectively. Therefore, MBC was found to be a most efficient low-cost adsorbentl for dye wastewater treatment compared with BBC and PBC, and it had the best removal effect under acidic conditions.

scholarly journals Phenol adsorption on high microporous activated carbons prepared from oily sludge: equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mojoudi ◽  
N. Mirghaffari ◽  
M. Soleimani ◽  
H. Shariatmadari ◽  
C. Belver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe purpose of this study was the preparation, characterization and application of high-performance activated carbons (ACs) derived from oily sludge through chemical activation by KOH. The produced ACs were characterized using iodine number, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions showed a predominantly microporous structure with a BET surface area of 2263 m2 g−1, a total pore volume of 1.37 cm3 g−1 and a micro pore volume of 1.004 cm3 g−1. The kinetics and equilibrium adsorption data of phenol fitted well to the pseudo second order model (R2 = 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.99), respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity based on the Langmuir model (434 mg g−1) with a relatively fast adsorption rate (equilibrium time of 30 min) was achieved under an optimum pH value of 6.0. Thermodynamic parameters were negative and showed that adsorption of phenol onto the activated carbon was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption of phenol from the adsorbent using 0.1 M NaOH was about 87.8% in the first adsorption/desorption cycle and did not decrease significantly after three cycles. Overall, the synthesized activated carbon from oily sludge could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of phenol from polluted water.

scholarly journals Single-Stage Microwave-Assisted Coconut-Shell-Based Activated Carbon for Removal of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) from Aqueous Solution: Optimization and Batch Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Azrina Aziz ◽  
Mohamad Nasran Nasehir Khan ◽  
Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya ◽  
Muhammad Azan Tamar Jaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Radiation Power ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Preparation Conditions

This research aims to optimize preparation conditions of coconut-shell-based activated carbon (CSAC) and to evaluate its adsorption performance in removing POP of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The CSAC was prepared by activating the coconut shell via single-stage microwave heating under carbon dioxide, CO2 flow. The total pore volume, BET surface area, and average pore diameter of CSAC were 0.420 cm3/g, 625.61 m2/g, and 4.55 nm, respectively. The surface of CSAC was negatively charged shown by the zeta potential study. Response surface methodology (RSM) revealed that the optimum preparation conditions in preparing CSAC were 502 W and 6 min for radiation power and radiation time, respectively, which corresponded to 84.83% of DDT removal and 37.91% of CSAC’s yield. Adsorption uptakes of DDT were found to increase with an increase in their initial concentration. Isotherm study revealed that DDT-CSAC adsorption system was best described by the Langmuir model with monolayer adsorption capacity, Qm of 14.51 mg/g. The kinetic study confirmed that the pseudo-second-order model fitted well with this adsorption system. In regeneration studies, the adsorption efficiency had slightly dropped from 100% to 83% after 5 cycles. CSAC was found to be economically feasible for commercialization owing to its low production cost and high adsorption capacity.

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