scholarly journals Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanin on Endothelial Function and Peripheral Temperature in Young Smokers

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Tomisawa ◽  
Naoki Nanashima ◽  
Maiko Kitajima ◽  
Kasumi Mikami ◽  
Shizuka Takamagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
Level 2

Background: Blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) is expected to repair endothelial dysfunction, but it remains unclear whether beneficial effects are present in young healthy persons. This study examines whether supplements containing blackcurrant anthocyanin improve endothelial function and peripheral temperature in young smokers. Methods: Young, healthy male nonsmokers (N group: n = 11; mean age 22 ± 2 years) and smokers (S group: n = 13; mean age 21 ± 1 years) were enrolled. A randomized and double-blind trial was designed to compare the effects of no supplement, a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin (supplement A), and a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin plus vitamin E (supplement B) on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and skin temperature. Results: Under no supplement, FMD was unchanged during the 2 h period after smoking in the N group, whereas it was decreased during the 2 h period after smoking in the S group. Under the A supplement, FMD was decreased 1 h after smoking and returned to the baseline level 2 h after smoking in the S group. The skin temperature in the area of the foot dorsum was decreased in the S group after smoking compared with that in the N group, who did not smoke, whereas under A and B supplements, it was higher in the S group compared with that in the N group. Conclusions: BCA could attenuate the smoking-induced acute endothelial dysfunction and improve peripheral temperature in young smokers.

scholarly journals Supplementation with Hydroxytyrosol and Punicalagin Improves Early Atherosclerosis Markers Involved in the Asymptomatic Phase of Atherosclerosis in the Adult Population: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Quirós-Fernández ◽  
Bricia López-Plaza ◽  
Laura Bermejo ◽  
Samara Palma-Milla ◽  
Carmen Gómez-Candela
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Early Atherosclerosis

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and Punicalagin (PC) exert cardioprotective and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This study evaluates the effect of oral supplementation with HT and PC (SAx) on early atherosclerosis markers in middle-aged, seemingly healthy adults. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was performed for 20 weeks. There were two treatment sequences (Placebo/SAx, n = 41; SAx/Placebo, n = 43) for which the intervention periods (Placebo and SAx) were 8 weeks long, followed by a 4-week wash out period. The supplement was composed of 9.9 mg of HT and 195 mg of PC, and the placebo was composed of maltodextrin. SAx increased endothelial function (Flow-mediated dilatation [FMD]: 2.36%; p < 0.001) in the endothelial dysfunction subgroup compared to the placebo (2.36 ± 3.9 vs. 0.76 ± 3.5%, p < 0.05). SAx also reduced oxLDL by −28.74 ng/mL (p < 0.05) in subjects with higher levels of oxLDL, which was an improvement compared with the placebo (−28.74 ± 40.2 vs. 25.64 ± 93.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001). The prehypertension and hypertension subgroups exhibited decreased systolic (−15.75 ± 9.9 mmHg; p < 0.001) and diastolic (−6.36 ± 8.7 mmHg; p < 0.001) blood pressure after SAx consumption. Moreover, the systolic prehypertension and hypertension subgroups presented significant differences in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo (−15.75 ± 9.9 vs. −2.67 ± 12.0 mmHg, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplement exerted anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving endothelial function, blood pressure, and levels of circulating oxLDL, especially for persons in whom these parameters were altered.

P6219Can too much exercise “burn” your endothelium?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Terentes-Printzios ◽  
C Vlachopoulos ◽  
D Kardara ◽  
A Anastasakis ◽  
G Vogiatzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

Abstract Background/Introduction Regular aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. Marathon running is an aerobic and extremely vigorous exercise. Endothelial function and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis are independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. Purpose We investigated the chronic alterations of these indices in marathon runners. Methods We studied 30 marathon runners and 20 age- and sex-matched recreationally active control subjects. Endothelial function was evaluated with flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery (FMD) and early atherosclerosis with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). All subjects completed analytical questionnaires about their medical history and training. Results Marathon runners had significantly higher systolic and pulse pressure compared to controls. They also had reduced body-mass index, waist to hip ratio and heart rate compared to controls (p<0.05, for all). Common cIMT was significantly lower in athletes than controls (0.56±0.11 vs. 0.63±0.07, p=0.029), while there was no difference in carotid bulb IMT between groups. FMD was higher in marathon runners compared to controls and nitrate-mediated dilatation (NMD) was similar in the two groups (9.0±3.7 vs. 6.4±1.7 and 12.6±5.7 vs. 12.3±3.4; p=0.002 and p=0.821, respectively). We also observed a reverse U-shaped curve between endothelial function and amount of exercise. (Figure) Effect of amount of exercise on FMD Conclusions Our study shows, that marathon runners have higher FMD compared to controls, indicating better vascular endothelial function, and also have lower cIMT compared to controls. Increased amount of exercise training seems to abolish the beneficial effect of exercise on endothelial function. These findings provide further insights in the effects of marathon running on endothelial function and carotid atherosclerosis.

The role of insulin and the adipocytokines in regulation of vascular endothelial function

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. RITCHIE ◽  
Marie-Ann EWART ◽  
Colin G. PERRY ◽  
John M. C. CONNELL ◽  
Ian P. SALT
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis ◽  
No Bioavailability

Vascular integrity in the healthy endothelium is maintained through the release of a variety of paracrine factors such as NO (nitric oxide). Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Insulin has been demonstrated to have direct effects on the endothelium to increase NO bioavailability. Therefore altered insulin signalling in the endothelium represents a candidate mechanism underlying the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, it has become apparent that insulin sensitivity is regulated by the adipocytokines, a group of bioactive proteins secreted by adipose tissue. Secretion of adipocytokines is altered in obese individuals and there is increasing evidence that the adipocytokines have direct effects on the vascular endothelium. A number of current antidiabetic strategies have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and to alter adipocytokine concentrations in addition to their effects on glucose homoeostasis. In this review we will explore the notion that the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction is accounted for by adipocytokine action on the endothelium. In addition, we examine the effects of weight loss, exercise and antidiabetic drugs on adipocytokine availability and endothelial function.

Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 3684-3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie T.B. Delgado ◽  
Wender N. Rouver ◽  
Roger L. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. Methods: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. Conclusion: This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Folic acid does not improve endothelial function in healthy hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. WOODMAN ◽  
David E. CELERMAJER ◽  
Peter L. THOMPSON ◽  
Joseph HUNG
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cad Risk

Folic acid supplementation lowers total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and improves endothelial function in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) and in those with additional CAD risk factors. In the present study, we assessed whether endothelial function is impaired in healthy subjects with hyperhomocysteinaemia but without other CAD risk factors and whether folic acid supplementation improves endothelial function in these subjects. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery was performed on 26 healthy subjects, age 49±2 years (mean±S.E.M.), with high tHcy (15.6±1.5 µmol/l) and 16 healthy age-matched subjects with low tHcy (7.9±0.6 µmol/l; P<0.001). Subjects with high tHcy were then randomized to receive 5 mg/day of folic acid or placebo for 8 weeks in a double-blind cross-over trial with a 4-week washout. FMD was not associated with tHcy and was not different between high and low tHcy groups (7.0±0.6% compared with 6.6±1.2%, P=0.76). Treatment with folic acid decreased tHcy by 34% in hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects (P=0.02 compared with placebo), but had no effect on FMD (+0.5±0.6% compared with -0.7±0.5%; P=0.17 compared with placebo). In healthy subjects with hyperhomocysteinaemia, but without additional cardiovascular risk, endothelial function is unimpaired and folic acid supplementation has no additional effect.

Differential responses of endothelial integrity upon the intake of microencapsulated garlic, tomato extract or a mixture: a single-intake, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 5426-5435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyoung Kim ◽  
Kyeong Jin Kim ◽  
Soo-Yeon Park ◽  
Yeni Lim ◽  
Oran Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Crossover Trial ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Differential Responses ◽  
Endothelial Integrity

This study investigated the effect of microencapsulated garlic and/or tomato on endothelial dysfunction induced by the PhenFlex test (PFT) in healthy male smokers.

scholarly journals Cardiac Rehabilitation and Endothelial Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Antonio Lanza ◽  
Michele Golino ◽  
Angelo Villano ◽  
Oreste Lanza ◽  
Priscilla Lamendola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Endothelial dysfunction is an early abnormality in the process of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and has been associated with worse clinical outcome. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been reported to be helpful to reduce cardiovascular events in various types of cardiac disease, but the mechanisms of its beneficial effects remain only partially known. In this article, we review the studies that assessed the effect of CR on endothelial function in patients with various cardiac conditions. Available data show that CR significantly improves impaired endothelial function in these patients, which may contribute to the beneficial effects of CR on clinical outcome.

scholarly journals Endothelial dysfunction and hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Shishkin ◽  
M. L. Lyndina
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation

The aim of our study was to evaluate whether abnormal endothelial function is present in patients with arterial hypertension. Endothelial function was assessed by measuring flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery using high-resolution ultrasound. In the group of subjects with arterial hypertension endothelial function was significantly impaired (FMD 9,26%), whereas nitroglycerin-mediated dilatation was normal.

Abstract 3429: Amlodipine Improves Endothelial Function and Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang K Koh ◽  
Michael J Quon ◽  
Seung H Han ◽  
Wook-Jin Chung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

Background : Reciprocal relationships between endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance imply that improvement in endothelial dysfunction will have beneficial metabolic consequences. We hypothesized that amlodipine therapy will improve endothelial dysfunction and metabolic parameters in hypertensive subjects. Methods : Amlodipine (10 mg daily for 8 weeks) or placebo was given to each 45 patients with mild to moderate hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and paralleled study. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched. Results : Amlodipine therapy significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased HDL-cholesterol to greater extent than placebo therapy (all P< 0.001). Amlodipine therapy significantly improved flow-mediated dilator response to hyperemia and reduced plasma malondialdehyde levels to greater extent than placebo therapy ( P< 0.001 and P =0.035). Amlodipine therapy significantly increased plasma adiponectin levels ( P =0.009) and decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels ( P< 0.001 and P =0.025, respectively) to greater extent than placebo therapy. Correlations were noted between percent changes in adiponectin levels and percent changes in HDL-cholesterol ( r =0.348, P =0.019) and QUICKI ( r =0.326, P =0.029) following amlodipine therapy. Only changes in HDL-cholesterol (β = 0.469, P = 0.019) and QUICKI (β = 1.786, P = 0.069) were independent predictors of changes in adiponectin levels (multivariate regression analysis). We also observed inverse correlations between percent changes in leptin levels and percent changes in QUICKI ( r = −0.569, P< 0.001) following amlodipine therapy with changes in QUICKI (β = 1.810, P < 0.001) as an independent predictor of changes in leptin levels. Conclusions : Amlodipine therapy improves blood pressure, endothelial function, and metabolic parameters in patients with hypertension.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs on Endothelial Function and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Viana Gomes Silva ◽  
Roberta Carvalho de Figueiredo ◽  
Danyelle Romana Alves Rios
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Hypertension is characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels that travel with increased arterial stiffness, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Some antihypertensive drugs have been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce levels of inflammatory markers regardless of the effect of blood pressure lowering. Third-generation β-blockers, such as nebivolol and carvedilol, because they have additional properties, have been shown to improve endothelial function in patients with hypertension. Calcium channel antagonists, because they have antioxidant effects, may improve endothelial function and vascular inflammation.The Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) are able to improve endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, however there are few studies evaluating the effect of treatment with this class on the reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Further studies are needed to assess whether treatment of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation may improve the prognosis of patients with essential hypertension.

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