scholarly journals Effect of Different Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs on Endothelial Function and Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Viana Gomes Silva ◽  
Roberta Carvalho de Figueiredo ◽  
Danyelle Romana Alves Rios
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Hypertension is characterized by structural and functional changes in blood vessels that travel with increased arterial stiffness, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. Some antihypertensive drugs have been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce levels of inflammatory markers regardless of the effect of blood pressure lowering. Third-generation β-blockers, such as nebivolol and carvedilol, because they have additional properties, have been shown to improve endothelial function in patients with hypertension. Calcium channel antagonists, because they have antioxidant effects, may improve endothelial function and vascular inflammation.The Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARBs) are able to improve endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown beneficial effects on endothelial function in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, however there are few studies evaluating the effect of treatment with this class on the reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Further studies are needed to assess whether treatment of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation may improve the prognosis of patients with essential hypertension.

Protective Effects of Pomegranate in Endothelial Dysfunction

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (30) ◽  
pp. 3684-3699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie T.B. Delgado ◽  
Wender N. Rouver ◽  
Roger L. dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Punica granatum L. is an infructescence native of occidental Asia and Mediterranean Europe, popularly referred to as pomegranate. It has been used in ethnomedicine for several applications, including the treatment of obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and the regulation of blood lipid parameters. Thus, pomegranate has been linked to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases that have endothelial dysfunction as a common factor acting mainly against oxidative stress due to its high polyphenol content. Its biocomponents have antihypertensive, antiatherogenic, antihyperglycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which promote cardiovascular protection through the improvement of endothelial function. Methods: Different electronic databases were searched in a non-systematic way to uncover the literature of interest. Conclusion: This review article presents updated information on the role of pomegranate in the context of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases. We have shown that pomegranate, or rather its components (e.g., tannins, flavonoids, phytoestrogens, anthocyanins, alkaloids, etc.), have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, improving parameters such as oxidative stress and the enzymatic antioxidant system, reducing reactive oxygen species formation and acting in an anti-inflammatory way. Thus, this review may contribute to a better understanding of pomegranate's beneficial actions on endothelial function and possibly to the development of strategies associated with conventional treatments of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Inflammatory markers, endothelial function and cardiovascular risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Costa Teixeira ◽  
André Luiz Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Cleiton Silva Correa ◽  
Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

The need to study cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has become more and more relevant as their prevalence has increased over the years. An intact endothelial wall is essential to vascular health. Certain factors are responsible for maintaining this tissue intact, including nitric oxide (NO), which provokes dilation of blood vessels in response to shear stress. Expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzyme, which produces nitric oxide in response to increases in blood flow, is of fundamental importance to maintenance of the vascular system. When this enzyme is inhibited, nitric oxide production is reduced, causing endothelial dysfunction. Since C-reactive protein inhibits production of nitric oxide by the eNOS enzyme, it is one of the causes of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular events. The objective of the present study was to review scientific articles in the literature related to the subject 'inflammatory markers and endothelial function'. A wide-ranging review of the current literature was conducted, using systematic analysis of bibliographic references indexed in PubMed, Scielo, Medline and LILACS database, for the years 1992 to 2013. The studies reviewed show that increases in inflammation causes reductions in NO and increases in cardiovascular events. Increased inflammation is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Effects of Blackcurrant Anthocyanin on Endothelial Function and Peripheral Temperature in Young Smokers

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiko Tomisawa ◽  
Naoki Nanashima ◽  
Maiko Kitajima ◽  
Kasumi Mikami ◽  
Shizuka Takamagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
Level 2

Background: Blackcurrant anthocyanin (BCA) is expected to repair endothelial dysfunction, but it remains unclear whether beneficial effects are present in young healthy persons. This study examines whether supplements containing blackcurrant anthocyanin improve endothelial function and peripheral temperature in young smokers. Methods: Young, healthy male nonsmokers (N group: n = 11; mean age 22 ± 2 years) and smokers (S group: n = 13; mean age 21 ± 1 years) were enrolled. A randomized and double-blind trial was designed to compare the effects of no supplement, a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin (supplement A), and a supplement containing 50 mg of blackcurrant anthocyanin plus vitamin E (supplement B) on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and skin temperature. Results: Under no supplement, FMD was unchanged during the 2 h period after smoking in the N group, whereas it was decreased during the 2 h period after smoking in the S group. Under the A supplement, FMD was decreased 1 h after smoking and returned to the baseline level 2 h after smoking in the S group. The skin temperature in the area of the foot dorsum was decreased in the S group after smoking compared with that in the N group, who did not smoke, whereas under A and B supplements, it was higher in the S group compared with that in the N group. Conclusions: BCA could attenuate the smoking-induced acute endothelial dysfunction and improve peripheral temperature in young smokers.

Endothelial dysfunction in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10564-10564
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Mulrooney ◽  
Kirsten K. Ness ◽  
Sujuan Huang ◽  
Aimee Santucci ◽  
Robert P. Hebbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Cardiovascular Medications

10564 Background: Endothelial dysfunction, as an indicator of vascular disease in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) has not been widely studied. Methods: Markers of vascular inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]), hemostasis (fibrinogen), activation (endothelial cell expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule [VCAM-1]) and functional testing (large/small artery elasticity [L/SAE], pulse wave velocity [PWV]) were assessed in 200 CCS, ≥10 years from diagnosis, and 192 age/gender matched healthy controls. Exclusion criteria included: inflammatory processes, use of anti-inflammatory or cardiovascular medications, or pregnancy. Differences were assessed by adjusted multivariable linear regression. Results: CCS (53% male) of leukemia/lymphoma (59%), central nervous system tumors (6%), sarcomas (11.5%), embryonal tumors (22.5%), and other (1%) had a mean age at diagnosis 7.3 years (SD ±5.7). CCS and controls did not differ in current age (mean 34.1 ±9.2 vs. 33.5 years ±9.8), body mass index, smoking, mean systolic (124 mm Hg ±11.7 vs. 123 ±11.9) or diastolic blood pressure (73 ±9.5 vs. 71 ±9.5). Fasting low- (110 mg/dl ±31 vs. 102 ±30) and high-density (52 ±16 vs. 56 ±18) cholesterol levels differed between survivors and controls (p<0.01). Endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and PWV were statistically significantly increased in CCS; arterial elasticity was significantly reduced (table). Therapeutic exposures (anthracyclines and radiation) were not significantly associated with endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions: Childhood cancer survivors have greater endothelial dysfunction, a sign of atherosclerosis, and preventive measures should be investigated. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Doinseunggitang Ameliorates Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetic Atherosclerosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Joo Yoon ◽  
Yun Jung Lee ◽  
Ok Ju Park ◽  
So Min Lee ◽  
Yong Pyo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Metabolic Parameter ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Apoe Ko Mice

Atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive disease characterized by vascular inflammation, is a leading cause of death in diabetes patients. Doinseunggitang (DYSGT), traditional prescription, has been used for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of DYSGT on endothelial dysfunction in diabetic atherosclerosis animal model. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice fed on a Western diet were treated with DYSGT (200 mg/kg/day). DYSGT significantly lowered blood glucose level and glucose tolerance as well as systolic blood pressure. Metabolic parameter showed that DYSGT markedly decreased triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels. In the thoracic aorta, the impairment of vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine and atherosclerotic lesion was attenuated by DYSGT. Furthermore, DYSGT restored the reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, leading to the inhibition of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. In conclusion, DYSGT improved the development of diabetic atherosclerosis via attenuation of the endothelial dysfunction, possibly by inhibiting ET-1, cell adhesion molecules, and lesion formation. Therefore, these results suggest that Korean traditional prescription Doinseunggitang may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diabetic vascular complications.

scholarly journals Endothelial function and its role in the formation of cardiovascular pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
A A Tulichev ◽  
N Yu Borovkova ◽  
N N Borovkov ◽  
A A Spassky ◽  
I V Polyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Initial Stage

Currently rheumatoid arthritis is considered as an immune inflammatory disease of unknown origin characterized by chronic erosive arthritis and systemic damage of internal organs, leading to early disability and reduced life expectancy. Cardiovascular diseases are most often mentioned as factors of poor prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathology of the cardiovascular system in rheumatoid arthritis is usually associated with the macro- and microvascular changes and rheumatoid lesions of the heart. The leading factor in the damage of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis is systemic inflammation affecting its viscosity and elastic properties, increased rigidity, impaired endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction is currently regarded to as an initial stage of morphogenesis of various vascular disorders. It is considered as a subclinical marker of cardiovascular diseases and the earliest predictor of cardiovascular complications. From this point of view study of endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aimed at determining cardiovascular risk is a perspective direction. Only single and fragmentary information about certain endothelial functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and substances released in this. There is no clear analysis of relationship between them and dependence on the process activity. Not clear is their role in the pathology of the vascular wall in rheumatoid arthritis. This literature review discusses the problem of endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as its role in the development of cardiovascular diseases in these patients. The development mechanisms and the role of immune inflammation in its formation are considered. Also the association was found between chronic inflammatory activity indicators in rheumatoid arthritis and various biological markers and development of endothelial dysfunction. The effects of antirheumatic treatment on endothelial dysfunction in these patients were analyzed.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF INFLAMMATION AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION BIOMARKERS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) PATIENTS IN SOKOTO, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
C. A. Otitolaiye ◽  
D. M. Sahabi ◽  
A. M. Makusidi ◽  
Y. Saidu ◽  
L. S. Bilbis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Variable Equation

Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction have been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. As such, examining the levels of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction is very critical to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. This study aimed to investigate the progression of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction among CKD patients in Sokoto. A total of 67 CKD patients were divided into 5 groups based on the stages of their kidney disease calculated using the MDRD 4-variable equation for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The presence of inflammation was determined by C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, while endothelial dysfunction was determined by the levels of Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) using ELISA kits. The mean eGFR of the patients was 49.97 ± 4.69 ml/min/1.73m2. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in CRP, TNF-α and ADMA of the CKD patients across the stages as compared to the non-CKD subjects. It was observed that as the CRP, TNF-α and ADMA increase, the eGFR significantly (p<0.05) decreases. Both CRP and TNF-α indicated a significantly positive correlation (p<0.05) with ADMA. The results indicated progressive increase in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction as CKD deteriorates. In addition, increased levels of inflammation could directly affect endothelial dysfunction, thereby aggravating cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among CKD patients in Sokoto. Otitolaiye, C. A. | Department of Biochemistry, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria

Abnormal endothelial vasomotor and secretory function

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thimoteus Speer ◽  
Danilo Fliser
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Modified Lipoproteins ◽  
And Function

The endothelium plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular integrity and function. Nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells is a key player, inducing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibition of vascular inflammation, and prevention of coagulatory activation. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by deterioration of different protective endothelial properties, collectively described as endothelial dysfunction. Several factors such as methylarginines, modified lipoproteins, and other substances that accumulate may be involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction of CKD. Endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be the first critical step in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Clinical assessment of endothelial function may become important in recognition of patients with increased cardiovascular risk. Beside several invasive and non-invasive methods to assess endothelial function in vivo, measurement of circulating (bio)markers may be useful for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Tea Regulating Blood Pressure: Evidences and Promises

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daxiang Li ◽  
Ruru Wang ◽  
Jinbao Huang ◽  
Qingshuang Cai ◽  
Chung S. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Cardiovascular diseases have overtaken cancers as the number one cause of death. Hypertension is the most dangerous factor linked to deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. Many researchers have reported that tea has anti-hypertensive effects in animals and humans. The aim of this review is to update the information on the anti-hypertensive effects of tea in human interventions and animal studies, and to summarize the underlying mechanisms, based on ex-vivo tissue and cell culture data. During recent years, an increasing number of human population studies have confirmed the beneficial effects of tea on hypertension. However, the optimal dose has not yet been established owing to differences in the extent of hypertension, and complicated social and genetic backgrounds of populations. Therefore, further large-scale investigations with longer terms of observation and tighter controls are needed to define optimal doses in subjects with varying degrees of hypertensive risk factors, and to determine differences in beneficial effects amongst diverse populations. Moreover, data from laboratory studies have shown that tea and its secondary metabolites have important roles in relaxing smooth muscle contraction, enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, reducing vascular inflammation, inhibiting rennin activity, and anti-vascular oxidative stress. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of these activities remain to be elucidated.

The role of insulin and the adipocytokines in regulation of vascular endothelial function

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. RITCHIE ◽  
Marie-Ann EWART ◽  
Colin G. PERRY ◽  
John M. C. CONNELL ◽  
Ian P. SALT
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Insulin Signalling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Homoeostasis ◽  
No Bioavailability

Vascular integrity in the healthy endothelium is maintained through the release of a variety of paracrine factors such as NO (nitric oxide). Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and Type II diabetes. Insulin has been demonstrated to have direct effects on the endothelium to increase NO bioavailability. Therefore altered insulin signalling in the endothelium represents a candidate mechanism underlying the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In recent years, it has become apparent that insulin sensitivity is regulated by the adipocytokines, a group of bioactive proteins secreted by adipose tissue. Secretion of adipocytokines is altered in obese individuals and there is increasing evidence that the adipocytokines have direct effects on the vascular endothelium. A number of current antidiabetic strategies have been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on endothelial function and to alter adipocytokine concentrations in addition to their effects on glucose homoeostasis. In this review we will explore the notion that the association between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction is accounted for by adipocytokine action on the endothelium. In addition, we examine the effects of weight loss, exercise and antidiabetic drugs on adipocytokine availability and endothelial function.

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