scholarly journals Hydrolyzed Collagen—Sources and Applications

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arely León-López ◽  
Alejandro Morales-Peñaloza ◽  
Víctor Manuel Martínez-Juárez ◽  
Apolonio Vargas-Torres ◽  
Dimitrios I. Zeugolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydrolyzed Collagen ◽  
Enzymatic Action ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Different Sources

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) is a group of peptides with low molecular weight (3–6 KDa) that can be obtained by enzymatic action in acid or alkaline media at a specific incubation temperature. HC can be extracted from different sources such as bovine or porcine. These sources have presented health limitations in the last years. Recently research has shown good properties of the HC found in skin, scale, and bones from marine sources. Type and source of extraction are the main factors that affect HC properties, such as molecular weight of the peptide chain, solubility, and functional activity. HC is widely used in several industries including food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biomedical, and leather industries. The present review presents the different types of HC, sources of extraction, and their applications as a biomaterial.

Systematic analysis of enoxaparins from different sources with online one- and two-dimensional chromatography

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 3746-3755
Author(s):  
Yilan Ouyang ◽  
Meng Zhu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lin Yi ◽  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Different Sources

Enoxaparin, one of the most important low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), is widely used as a clinical anticoagulant.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Michael addition using sugar derived organocatalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
C. Lalhriatpuia ◽  
K. Vanlaldinpuia
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Asymmetric Synthesis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Michael Addition ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Asymmetric Transformations ◽  
Asymmetric Michael Addition ◽  
Different Types

Sugars are low-molecular-weight carbohydrates which consist of polyhydroxyl and carbonyl (aldehyde or ketone) functional groups. Different types of compounds derived from sugars have been used extensively as powerful and effective catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. They are readily available at a reasonable price, easily prepared, no metal contamination and are inert towards moisture and air. They are highly functionalized and have well defined stereogenic centres. Most of them are employed as chiral ligands in metal based asymmetric catalysis and are used for various asymmetric transformations. Different compounds derived from sugars have also been used recently as organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. The present article provides some of the organocatalysts used for asymmetric synthesis.

A Rapid and Sensitive Test for Diagnosing Heparin-Associated Thrombocytopenia

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (06) ◽  
pp. 734-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Greinacher ◽  
I Michels ◽  
V Kiefel ◽  
C Mueller-Eckhardt
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Serotonin Release ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
Sensitive Test ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Platelet Aggregometry ◽  
Different Types

SummaryHeparin-associated thrombocytopenia (HAT) is a severe complication of heparin therapy. Its diagnosis is difficult. Conventional assays employ platelet aggregometry (PAA) and/or 14C-serotonin release (SRA) which are either insensitive (PAA) or require radioactive tracers (SRA). We here describe a newly developed sensitive and rapid assay based on visual evaluation of heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) in microtiter wells. Using sera of 34 patients with clinically suspected HAT we found the HIPA assay to be as sensitive as the SRA and superior to PAA. The HIPA assay allows investigation of crossreactivity with different types of heparins, low molecular weight (LMW) heparins and heparinoids. Three patients who required further parenteral anticoagulation and in whom the HIPA assay was negative before treatment with the LMW heparinoid Org 10172, were treated with this new heparinoid without adverse reactions. We conclude that the HIPA assay may be a useful tool for differential diagnosis and therapy in patients with HAT.

CONCENTRATION AND PURIFICATION OF THE PECTIN EXTRACTS BY ULTRAFILTRATION METHOD

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
A. P. Chernutskiy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Stationary Cell

The work is devoted to the study of pectin extracts ultrafiltration  using different types of membranes. Pectic extracts are the solutions of high molecular weight polysaccharides (MM from 15 to 50 kDa), which are destroyed in the process of heat treatment in the vacuum evaporating apparature, that leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of pectin. The impurity components in the pectin extract of a low molecular weight, which makes it possible to use ultrafiltration for both concentration and purification from ballast substances, that  is very important. The objects of research were pectin extracts obtained from citrus raw materials; the membranes of the type UAM-100 and 200A were used as filter membranes. The results of the study have been shown, that the use of UAM-100 membranes in a stationary cell allows to remove up to 20% of the solution within 20 minutes, and with - stirring up to 27%. The use of membranes with large openings (up to 200 A) makes it possible to activate the process of the separation and concentration of pectin extracts: the degree of concentration reaches up 45%, the content of solids in the concentrate increases up to 7.6%, and the content of pectin to up 6.4%, that is in 1,7 times. However, the loss of low molecular weight pectin in the filtrate is about 4%. A comparative analysis of the results of research has shown a high productivity with the use of the capron membrane 200A, as well as on the qualitative parameters of the pectins, released from the concentrates, the higher parameters for the uroconid component, molecular weight, pectin jelly strength and complexing ability were noted for pectins isolated using the UAM- 100 membrane.

Efficient oxidations and photooxidations with molecular oxygen using metal phthalocyanines as catalysts and photocatalysts

2004 ◽  
Vol 08 (08) ◽  
pp. 1020-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Wöhrle ◽  
Olga Suvorova ◽  
Robert Gerdes ◽  
Oliver Bartels ◽  
Lukasz Lapok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Ion Exchanger ◽  
Photochemical Synthesis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Metal Phthalocyanines ◽  
Catalytic Oxidations ◽  
Different Types

Metal phthalocyanines can be very efficient as catalysts and photocatalysts in oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen as oxidant. Different types of soluble low molecular weight or oligomeric and insoluble heterogeneous catalysts and photocatalysts were developed. The heterogeneous metal phthalocyanines exist either impregnated on SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, charcoal and TiO 2 or covalently and coordinatively bound on SiO 2 and organic polymers or ionically bound on an organic ion exchanger. The catalytic oxidations of toxic sulfide and thiol derivative are studied. In addition, toxic phenols were employed as substrates for the photooxidation. Heterogeneous catalysts can exhibit higher activities then low molecular weight phthalocyanines. These systems exhibit a good stability for re-use. Photooxidations are more efficient than oxidations. A Si(IV) phthalocyanine derivative on a polymer ion exchanger is most active and stable. Also some examples for photooxidations in the direction of photochemical synthesis are given.

Angiogenic effects of low molecular weight organic acids present in fulvic acids of different sources

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Huifen Zhang ◽  
Yi Qin ◽  
Weifeng Dai ◽  
Baocai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Different Sources

scholarly journals Meiosis in Coprinus: characterization and activities of two forms of DNA polymerase during meiotic stages.

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sakaguchi ◽  
B C Lu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Polymerase ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Polycytidylic Acid ◽  
Two Peaks

Two forms of DNA polymerase have been studied in the basidiomycete Coprinus. DNA polymerase from basidiocarp tissues at zygotene-pachytene stage has been purified 3,500-fold and defined as DNA polymerase b by virtue of its insensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide and by its low molecular weight (76,000). This enzyme has optimal activity at pH 7.0 to 7.5, at 200 mM KCl, and at 25 degrees C incubation temperature. It can use polycytidylic acid-oligo(dG)12-18 as template primer in addition to homodeoxypolymers. The DNA polymerase a is mainly produced in the exponentially growing mycelium. It is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and has a temperature optimum at 35 degrees C. At the premeiotic S phase, activities from both polymerase a and polymerase b are found in cell-free extracts. The b enzyme is the only DNA polymerase produced during meiotic prophase. Its assayable activity exhibits two peaks, one at premeiotic S stage and one at pachytene. It is possible that DNA polymerase b is responsible for pachytene repairs involved in recombination.

scholarly journals Progress and Development in Treatment of Covid – 19, and Vaccine development: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Entire World

The entire world is facing a worst situation of pandemic ever. It’s been more than 18 months after the initial reports on Covid from China, and the pandemic is still going. As per the data available over the WHO website as of 23 June 2021, there have been 178,837,204 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 3,880,450 deaths, reported to WHO. As of 21 June 2021, a total of 2,414,347,324 vaccine doses have been administered. Despite of having more than 15 vaccines for Covid-19; the challenge to treat a patient with a define line of treatment remains the same. In the present review we have made an attempt to summarize the various medicines which are being used by medical practitioner in India and overseas. Use of different drug molecules like Remdesivir, Tocilzumab, Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycine, Ivermectin, Steroids, Doxicycline, Ecosprine, Low molecular weight Heparin, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Nitazoxanide, Baricitinib etc. were highlighted; although the list is long. A focus is made on the different types of vaccines available till date and their status in various countries. Keywords: Covid-19, Vaccine, Antiviral, Pandemic, Antibiotics.

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